Perceived Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Depressive Symptoms among Male Same-Sex Chilean Couples: Direct and Indirect Dyadic Associations through Relationship Satisfaction.

Stressors arising from the COVID-19 pandemic can spill over into the quality of couple relationships, with negative consequences on mental health. The mental health impact of COVID-19 might be particularly pronounced in disadvantaged populations such as LGBT people. This study aimed to examine direct and indirect dyadic associations between emotional impact of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms through relationship satisfaction in male same-sex couples. Using a cross-sectional design, 158 male same-sex Chilean couples completed self-report measures of the emotional impact of COVID-19, relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms. We used the actor-partner interdependence mediation model for indistinguishable dyads to explore the direct and indirect dyadic associations. Results indicated that each partner's perceived emotional impact of COVID-19 was associated with his own higher depressive symptoms directly and indirectly, through his own lower relationship satisfaction. The other partner's perceived emotional impact of COVID-19 was associated with one's own higher depressive symptoms only directly. Our findings reinforce the notion that satisfactory couple relationships can act as a protective factor against depression in the LGBT population. Programs to promote adaptive coping strategies to deal with the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may have beneficial effects for the emotional adjustment of male same-sex couples, also by promoting relationship satisfaction.

Estudio comparativo de los estilos de apego adulto en un grupo de mujeres con y sin diagnóstico de depresión / Comparative study of adult attachment styles in a group of women with and without a diagnosis of depression

Numerosos estudios han asociado los estilos de apego inseguros a distintas formas de psicopatología, entre ellas la depresión, en diversas etapas del ciclo vital. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el estilo de apego de un grupo de pacientes de sexo femenino, diagnosticadas con depresión. Se estudió a un grupo de 28 pacientes, comparándolos con un grupo de 28 mujeres adultas que no presentan la enfermedad, igualando a las participantes en relación a la edad. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los estilos de apego de ambos grupos. Las pacientes diagnosticadas con depresión presentan, en su mayoría, estilos de apego inseguros (39.2 por ciento) e inclasificables (32.1 por ciento). Por su parte, el grupo de personas sin depresión presentan en su gran mayoría (85.7 por ciento) un estilo de apego seguro.

Several studies have linked the insecure attachment styles to different types of psychopathologies, i.e. depression, at diverse stages of the life cycle. This research aimed to describe the attachment style for a group of female patients diagnosed with depression. A group of 28 patients was analyzed and compared with a group of 28 female adults not presenting the psychopathology and with similar age range. Results show significant differences on the attachment style in within these two groups. The patients diagnosed with depression have, mainly, insecure attachment styles (39.2 percent) and cannot classify (32.1 percent). On the other side, the majority of the group of people without depression (85.7 percent) has a secure attachment style.

Validez y confiabilidad de la versión adaptada al español de la escala de dificultades de regulación emocional (DERS-E) en población chilena / Validity and reliability of the adapted spanish version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale in chilean population

El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la confiabilidad y validez de la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Dificultades de Regulación Emocional (DERS-E), en población chilena. Este es un instrumento de auto-reporte que evalúa las dificultades en el proceso de regulación emocional en adultos. El estudio se realizó a partir de dos muestras: la primera compuesta por 1018 estudiantes universitarios y la segunda por 1161 adultos de población general. Los participantes completaron el DERS-E y una medida de ajuste socioemocional a través del Outcome Questionnaire OQ-45.2. Los índices de confiabilidad fueron adecuados en ambas muestras y la estructura factorial congruente con la versión adaptada al español. Además, hubo diferencias en las dificultades de regulación emocional en función del ajuste socioemocional. Los resultados confirmaron que el DERS-E es un instrumento confiable y válido en la evaluación de las dificultades de regulación emocional en adultos.

This study sought to examine the validity and reliability of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Spanish version (DERS-S) in chilean population. This is a self-report instrument that measures difficulties in emotion regulation in adults. Two samples were evaluated: one composed of 1018 university students and the second one composed of 1161 participants from general population. Individuals completed the DERSE and Outcome Questionnaire OQ-45.2. Reliability indices were adequate in both samples and the factor structure consistent with the spanish version adaptation. In addition, there were differences in emotional regulation difficulties according to socio-emotional adjustment. The results confirmed that the psychometric properties of the DERS-E make it a reliable and valid instrument to assess difficulties in emotion regulation.

Validación chilena del cuestionario de evaluación de apego en el adulto CAMIR / Chilean validation of the questionnaire of attachment evaluation in the adult CAMIR

El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la confiabilidad y validez del instrumento de evaluación de apego en el adulto, “Cartes: Modèles Individuels de Relation (CAMIR)”, en la realidad sociocultural chilena. Este instrumento, basado en la teoría del apego, es un cuestionario de auto-reporte que evalúa los modelos operativos internos en adultos y otras escalas relacionadas al apego. Los participantes fueron 578 sujetos, 204 hombres y 374 mujeres, con edades entre 14 y 80 años. Los sujetos completaron el CAMIR y medidas de vínculo y sintomatología actual, a través del Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Outcome Questionnaire OQ-45.2. A través del análisis estadístico de los resultados se evaluaron las características psicométricas del test y se analizó la posibilidad de generar normas locales para la prueba. Los resultados confirmaron que el CAMIR es un instrumento confiable y válido en la evaluación de los modelos internos de relación en adultos.

This study was designed to estimate the validity and reliability of the “Cartes: Modèles Individuels de Relation(CAMIR)”, in Chile. This inventory, based on attachment’s theory, it’s a auto-questionnaire evaluates the working models in adults and other scales relating to attachment. Participants were 578 individuals, 204 males and 374 females, 14 a 80 years old. Individuals completed the CAMIR and measures of bond and actual symptoms, with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Outcome Questionnaire OQ-45.2. The general norms were obtained according to a statistical analysis of the resultsand to an evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of the test. The results confirmed that the psychometric characteristics of the CAMIR make it a reliable and valid tool to assess working models in adults.