RESUMO
Patterns of tobacco use were observed among 749 people diagnosed with mental retardation residing in a state-operated facility. Specifically, individual preference for tobacco products and frequency of use were documented. Subjects were observed using several types of tobacco products: cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, snuff, and cigarette butts. Approximately 7% (n = 52) used at least one form of tobacco; ten individuals used more than one tobacco product. Interestingly, 20.5% of the individuals diagnosed with mild or moderate mental retardation (n = 122) consumed tobacco products, a pattern of behavior that closely approximates that of the general population (20-24%). Ethical considerations pertaining to the availability of tobacco products to this special population are presented.
Assuntos
Ética Profissional , Deficiência Intelectual/psicologia , Competência Mental , Nicotiana , Defesa do Paciente , Plantas Tóxicas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comportamento de Escolha , Cognição , Tomada de Decisões , Assistência Odontológica para a Pessoa com Deficiência , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Humanos , Institucionalização , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Tabaco sem Fumaça/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Pica is a behavior commonly displayed by children, pregnant females, and individuals with mental retardation. A population of institutionalized adults with mental retardation was assessed for pica. Of this population, 10.8% were identified with this behavior. Also, this article discusses aspects of pica and describes how this behavior can affect the mouth.
Assuntos
Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Boca/lesões , Pica , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pica/complicações , Pica/etiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
A prospective assessment of psychiatric morbidity in a sample of 207 patients with inner ear disorders, attending an ENT clinic, was carried out. As a group, they were found to have higher psychiatric morbidity on the general health questionnaire (GHQ) than either normal samples or samples affected by other forms of physical disease. Within the sample tinnitus patients scored the highest, and presbyacusis patients the lowest. High GHQ scores predicted an exaggerated self-rating of symptom severity in a visual analogue scale. Past psychiatric history did not play a role in the development of psychiatric morbidity. Elderly subjects complained more often of fear of collapsing in the street but this was not related, as has been suggested, to the subsequent development of agoraphobic symptoms. Factor analysis of GHQ items for the 'cases' yielded 'depression', 'anxiety' and 'personality' factors. No correlation was found between these factors and the rest of the clinical variables. It is concluded that tinnitus shows the clearest association with psychiatric morbidity and hence merits detailed psychological analysis. Such a study has been started at Addenbrooke's Hospital.
