RESUMO
Human birth weight does not scale linearly with the weight of the placenta: placental mass (PM) is proportional to the fetal mass (FM) raised to the scaling exponent of 0.75 (PM â¼ FM(0.75)) [1,2]. The mouse is a common model for studying genetic and physiological backgrounds of placental development, function and pathologies. However, to date it has not been known how placental weight scales relative to embryo weight in mice. We analyzed E12.5 litters of CD1 wild-type mice, and found that the mouse placental weight demonstrates a power-law scaling relationship with fetal weight; the value of the scaling exponent is approximately 0.72.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Fetal , Modelos Biológicos , Placentação , Algoritmos , Animais , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Feminino , Peso Fetal , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Tamanho do Órgão , Gravidez , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At IFPA meeting 2011 there were twelve themed workshops, three of which are summarized in this report. These workshops related to vascular systems and circulation in the mother, placenta and fetus, and were divided in to 1) angiogenic signaling and regulation of fetal endothelial function; 2) placental and fetal circulation and growth; 3) spiral artery remodeling.
Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Placenta/fisiologia , Animais , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Endométrio/irrigação sanguínea , Endotélio Vascular/embriologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Humanos , Masculino , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Obstetrícia/tendências , Circulação Placentária , Placentação , Gravidez , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Notch signalling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway taking part in many developmental and cell type specification processes. The development of a functional mouse placenta is a dynamic phenomenon involving a number of different processes: trophoblast cell type specification, branching of the chorion and fetal vascular morphogenesis, as well as formation of a maternal blood circulation. In the placenta several members of the Notch signalling pathway and their regulators are expressed. The analysis of mouse strains with targeted mutations in the Notch2, Notch1/4, Hey1/2, Dll4, RBPJkappa, and Mash2 genes has demonstrated that these genes are indispensable for a proper placental development. Among them Notch1/4, Hey1/2, Dll4 and RBPJkappa have been shown to be crucial for fetal angiogenesis, Notch2 is necessary for formation of maternal blood vessels in the placenta and Mash2 is indispensable for proper trophoblast cell type specification. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of the Notch pathway in these various processes happening during placental development.
