Phytocosmetic Containing Pink Pepper Extracts Obtained by Sustainable Extraction.

Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) has high potential for commercial use because of its biological activities (anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant activities, among others). Herein, the antioxidant activity of a topical formulation containing pink pepper extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is reported. The effects of extraction pressure (100-300 bar) and temperature (40-60 °C) on its antioxidant activity were investigated. The extracts obtained at 50-60 °C showed a higher inhibition percentage in the α,α-diphenyl-ß-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (80.16-91.27 %), regardless of pressure. The extract obtained under optimized conditions (200 bar and 50 °C) was incorporated into an oil-in-water emulsion containing 2 % (m/m) pink pepper extract. The product presented a creamy texture, light rose color, mild spicy odor, and desirable pH for a topical formulation. Furthermore, the product was stable and remained effective when stored and protected from heat and light, showing 35.38 % inhibition of DPPH.

Corrigendum: Self-Medication Among Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659503.].

Natural actives for wound healing: A review.

Nature has been a source of medicinal treatments for thousands of years, with the use of plants as prototypes for drug development and for the extraction of active compounds. Skin injuries occur regularly in everyday life, and the human skin has the ability to promote repair spontaneously under healthy conditions. However, some intrinsic and external factors may interfere with skins' natural ability, leading to nonhealing lesions and chronic wounds, which directly affect health and quality of life. Thus, attention should be given to this health problem, using an appropriated management when necessary. In this scenario, phytotherapy may be an option for cutaneous wound treatment, although further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of plants. This article reviews traditionally used natural actives for wound healing, highlighting their characteristics and mode of action.

Bromelain Loading and Release from a Hydrogel Formulated Using Alginate and Arabic Gum.

An ideal wound dressing ensures a moist environment around the wound area and absorbs exudates from the wound surface. Topical application of bromelain to incised wounds has been shown to reprogram the wound microenvironment to promote effective tissue repair. Combining the characteristics of hydrogels and bromelain is therefore of great interest. Herein, we describe the development of a hydrogel, formulated using alginate and Arabic gum, for bromelain loading and release. The hydrogel formulation was evaluated using response surface methodology, considering the pH value and the concentration of alginate and Arabic gum. Bromelain loading and release were evaluated based on passive diffusion. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to confirm bromelain immobilization in the hydrogel. The final hydrogel formulation had a swelling ratio of 227 % and incorporated 19 % of bromelain from a bromelain solution. Bromelain immobilization in the hydrogel was the result of hydrogen bond formation and was optimal at 4 °C after 4 h of contact. This evidence suggests that bromelain entrapment into a hydrogel is a promising strategy for the development of wound dressings that support the debridement of burns and wounds.

Determination of decimal reduction time (D-value) of chemical agents used in hospital disinfection

Prior to selecting disinfectant for low, intermediate and high (sterilizing) levels, the decimal reduction time, D-value, for the most common or persistent bacteria identified on a medical device or at a health care facility should be determined. The D-value was determined by inoculating 100 mL of disinfecting solution with 1 mL of a bacterial suspension. At regular intervals, 1 mL aliquots of this mixture were transferred to 8 mL of growth media containing a neutralizing agent, and incubated at optimal conditions for the microorganism. B. stearothermophilus and E. coli were the most resistant bacteria for the disinfecting and sterilizing procedures.

Para selecionar o agente sanitizante de acordo com o nível (baixo, intermediário, alto ou esterilizante) é necessário determinar o tempo de redução decimal (valor D) para os microrganismos comumente identificados em equipamentos médico-hospitalares. O valor D é determinado inoculando-se 1 mL da suspensão de microrganismo em 100 mL da solução desinfetante. Em intervalos constantes, alíquotas de 1 mL da mistura devem ser transferidas para 8 mL de meio de cultura contendo agente neutralizante. B. stearothermophilus e E. coli se mostraram os microrganismos mais resistentes para soluções esterilizantes e desinfetantes.