Investigation of TbMn2O5 by polarized neutron diffraction.

In order to make a new approach to the elucidation of the microscopic mechanisms of multiferroicity in the RMn2O5 family, experiments with different methods of polarized neutrons scattering were performed on a TbMn2O5 single crystal. We employed three different techniques of polarized neutron diffraction without the analysis after scattering, the XYZ-polarization analysis, and technique of spherical neutron polarimetry (SNP). Measurements with SNP were undertaken both with and without external electric field. A characteristic difference in the population of 'right' and 'left' helix domains in all magnetically ordered phases of TbMn2O5, was observed. This difference can be controlled by an external electric field in the field-cooled mode. The analysis of the results gives an evidence that antisymmetric Dzyaloshinsky-Moria exchange is effective in all the magnetic phases in TbMn2O5.

[Intubating laryngeal mask efficacy in obese and overweight patients].

UNLABELLED: We evaluated the Intubating Laryngeal MAsk (ILMA Fastrach) efficacy for airway management, ventilation and blind intubation in obese and overweight patients. Methods. 50 adult patients (22 men and 28 women) with predicted difficult trachea intubation (PDTI), undergoing general anaesthesia with ILMA were included in this study. ILMA was selected according to gender: ILMA No 5 for men and No 4 for women. PREMEDICATION: diazepam and H,-blockers. Anaesthesia induction: midazolam 0. I - 0.15 mg/kg, propofol 1.6-2.5 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.1-0.15 microg/kg, rocuronii bromide or atracurii besilate 0.6 mg/kg. RESULTS: 21/2/3 patients had morbid obesity with BMI over 40/45/55 kg/m'. 5 and more difficult trachea intubation (TI) predictors were found in 48 patients. The ILMA was placed successfully at the first try for 7.2+/-2.9 sec in all patients. Ventilation was successful in 100% of cases; TI via ILMA - in 94% of cases (90% - at the first try). Total TI time was 7,5+/-4,8 sec, ILMA removal time - 9,2+1,5 sec. 2 patients had 2 or 3 DTI predictors, but conventional TI was unsuccessfild; TI via ILMA was performed at the first try. There was one "can't intubate, can't ventilate" case, TI via ILMA was made at the first try. TI via ILMA was unsuccessful in 3 patients, ILMA was replaced by Proseal LM or Supreme LM, TI was performed conventionally. There were no complications observed. CONCLUSION: ILMA Fastrach was used successfiully in obese patients with PDTI for both ventilation and TI. Technique is simple in training, but a preliminary experience is essential for ILMA use in difficult cases.

[The difficulties of using intubating laryngeal mask in a patient with concomitant morbid obesity].

This is a case report of tracheal intubation with Intuhating Laryngeal Mask (ILMA) in a patient with morbid obesity.

[Clinical experience in using isoflurane, sevoflurane, and total intravenous anesthesia during visceral transplantation].

Based on 256 anesthesias, the authors comparatively studied the results of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with neuroleptic analgesics and inhalational low- and minimal flow anesthesia with isoflurane in the anesthestic support of major operations on the liver. Both sevoflurane and isoflurane may be widely used during long and traumatic operations on the liver since the agents are distinguished by a low hepatotoxicity, the absence of pharmacological activity of their metabolism, a rapid elimination from the body in a virtually unchanged form. The use of sevoflurane and isoflurane in the low and minimal flow modes can substantially reduce the pharmacological load with opiates and myorelaxants, which is particularly important in patients with liver diseases and these modes have some advantage over TIVA during which the consumption of myorelaxants and neuroleptic analgesics has proved to be significantly higher. The minimal flow (0.4-0.5 l/min) mode uses mostly few inhalation anesthetics. The use of seroflurane reduces the period of spontaneous breathing recovery to a greater extent, activates the patient more rapidly, and substantially reduces the risk of iatrogenic complications after long and traumatic operations associated with visceral transplantation.

[Morphofunctional characteristic of enteral insufficiency and means of nutritional maintenance in casualties with a severe trauma]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika énteral'noi nedostatochnosti i sposoby nutritsionnoi podderzhki u postradavshikh s tiazheloi travmoi.

Examinations of 257 casualties were performed at different terms after trauma. The criteria for determination of the degree of enteral insufficiency in patients with traumas were the severity of the injury, the severity of the state, the absorption state in the small intestine and the degree of errosive-ulcerous processes in the upper parts of the gastro-intestinal tract. The clinico-laboratory gradation of the enteral insufficiency was developed according to the severity degree that allows to establish the algorithm of its diagnosing and treatment based on the principle of outstripping therapy of the appearing disorders and to optimize the terms and methods of the nutritional maintenance of the patients with traumas.

[Anesthesia during liver transplantation]. / Anesteziologicheskoe obespechenie transplantatsii pecheni.

Different methods and components of anesthesia during operations in donors and recipients were studied by using the experience in maintaining anesthesia during 39 relative and 7 cadaveric hepatic transplantations. The experience in using epidural anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia at the donor stage of hepatic lobar transplantation was comparatively analyzed. Combined epidural anesthesia (CEA) may be used during long-term and traumatic operations dealing with hepatic lobectomy in a relative donor since it is noted for low hepatotoxicity and no drastic hemodynamic exposures. CEA can substantially reduce pharmacological loading with opioids or myorelaxants, which is particularly important in taking the lobe of the liver. This reduces the recovery period of adequate own respiration, activates a patient more rapidly, substantially reduces the risk for postoperative iatrogenic complications. Balanced general anesthesia whose major component is inhalational anesthesia with isoflurane is the method of choice in performing an operation in the recipient. The use of isoflurane in the minimal-flow mode is cost-effective and safe. When anesthesia is performed in the recipient, it is necessary to take in account drastic hemodynamic pattern changes at the liverless stage during vein-venous bypass surgery, including the liver into systemic circulation, and the likelihood of development of significant reperfusion and concomitant metabolic and coagulative disorders.

[Conjugation transfer of the pAMbeta1 plasmid to Bacillus anthracis]. / Kon''iugatsionnaia peredacha plazmidy pAMbeta1 Bacillus anthracis.

The possibility of conjugational transfer of the plasmid pAM beta 1 in the cells of different strains of Bacillus anthracis has been established. The efficiency of the plasmid replicon transfer in interspecies transfer B. thuringiensis X B. anthracis was n.10(-7), while in interspecies transfer it was n.10(-6). The capability of mobilization of extrachromosomal replicon pTG141 for conjugational transfer has been demonstrated. Bacillus anthracis transconjugants harbouring the pAM beta 1 plasmid have acquired the donor properties in conjugation.

[Transduction and conjugation transfer of the pXO2 plasmid in Bacillus anthracis]. / Transduktsionnaia i kon''iugatsionnaia peredacha plazmidy pXO2 Bacillus anthracis.

The plasmid pXO2 determining the capsule synthesis has been shown to be transfered into the cells of different strains of Bacillus anthracis (STI-1, Sterne, KM33, KM35) by the transducing bacteriophage CP54ant and by mobilization by pAM beta 1 replicon with the frequencies, consequently, n.10(-8) and n.10(-7). The optimal parameters for the selection of clones having acquired the pXO2 plasmid have been defined. Mobilization for conjugational transfer has been demonstrated for the plasmid pXO1 coding for the production of Bacillus anthracis toxin. The dramatic increase of virulence for white mice has been registered for Bacillus anthracis strains having acquired the pXO2 plasmid replicon.

[Characteristics of the action of the influenza virus on the microcirculatory vessels in an experiment]. / Osobennosti deistviia virusa grippa na sosudy mikrotsirkuliatsii v éksperimente.

The dynamic light-optic and electron microscopic examination of the organs of experimental animals with the influenza infection have revealed the most pronounced pathology in vessels of the lung and brain microcirculation. The early developing perivascular edema around capillaries which is induced by an increase in the transcellular transport without a disturbance of the dense contact integrity is observed in the brain tissue. Variations in the lung microvessels manifested in a rise of the pinocytosis activity of endothelial cells, in a change of the luminal surface profile and damage of the supermembrane layer. A reversible aggregation of plate and erythrocytes was observed in the lung and brain microvessel lumen at early periods. The revealed changes, including the main of them--microvessel permeability disturbance, are associated with the dynamics of the concentration of the influenza virus and its complexes with antibodies in the organs under study.

[Activation of Rickettsiae prowazekii in the composition of immune complexes by antiglobulin serum]. / Aktivatsiia rikketsii provacheka v sostave immunnykh kompleksov antiglobulinovoi syvorotkoi.

The antiglobulin serum (AGS) against spotted fever immunoglobulin of guinea pigs was studied for its effect on the in vitro created immune complex rickettsiae + antibody in experiments using the procedure of laboratory cultivation of Rickettsiae prowazekii according to Weigl. The biological activity of the pathogen is shown to be restored under the action of AGS. This fact may be used for detecting the antigen + antibody complexes in case of the spotted fever and for studying their role in the relapsive forms of the disease.

[Plasmid transduction by Bacillus anthracis bacteriophage CP54]. / Transduktsiia plazmid bakteriofagom CP54 Bacisslus anthracis.

Possibility of plasmid transduction in Bacillus anthracis vaccine strains Sterne and STI-1 by bacteriophage CP54ant having an increased ability of adsorbtion and a shortened period of latent development in Bacillus anthracis cells has been isolated. The main parameters of plasmid transduction by the bacteriophage have been established for the plasmid pTG141 (TcR). They include the effect of multiplicity of infection, the level of UV-inactivation of bacteriophage, the presence of antiphage serum in the incubation medium. Plasmid transduction by the mutant phage CP54ant was found to be more efficient as compared with the one by the parent phage. The isolated transductants served as donors of the transduced plasmid for Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus thuringiensis strains.

[The results of phylogenetic and experimental research into the etiology of pemphigus vulgaris]. / Rezul'taty filogeneticheskikh i éksperimental'nykh issledovanii étiologii vul'garnoi puzyrchatki.

An antigen, binding with antibodies from patients with pemphigus vulgaris, has been found in the epidermis of a shedding Natrix natrix. This permitted a hypothesis on the atavistic nature of pemphigus, consisting in the following: abolition of tolerance to pemphigus antigen (PA) in humans and mammals is explained by the release of the 'shedding' atavistic gene, that codes for the humoral factor responsible for PA expression in keratinocytes. This hypothesis has been confirmed by experimental induction of pemphigus-like changes of the serpentine and murine epidermis (by subcutaneous injections of a shedding snake serum protein--SSSP), as well as by experiments with SSSP blocking of pemphigus induced by passive transfer of antibodies from patients with pemphigus vulgaris to newborn BALB/s mice.

[The mechanism of plaque production by enteroviruses under bentonite overlay. Relationship between plaque production and the dynamics of intracellular virus reproduction and membrane potential of the host cell]. / Mekhanizm bliashkoobrazovaniia enterovirusov pod bentonitovym pokrytiem. Sviaz' bliashkoobrazovaniia s dinamikoi vnutrikletochnogo razmnozheniia virusov i membrannym potentsialom kletki-khoziaina

The association of plaque production under bentonite overlay with the cycle of intracellular reproduction of enteroviruses and the dynamics of the membrane potential of infected cells was studied. It was shown that by the time of termination of the intracellular enterovirus reproduction cycle (4 1/2-5 hours postinfection) bentonite particles were torn away from the cell surface. At the same time the membrane potential of the host cell began to decline progressively. The data obtained explain the character of morphology of virus plaques under bentonite overlay.