Comorbidities and polypharmacy among HIV-positive patients aged 50 years and over: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to determine and compare the prevalences of polypharmacy and comorbidities in patients aged 50 years or older with those patients younger than 50 years in a Mexican population. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five patients were enrolled, 60 (48%) were aged 50 years or older. The median CD4+ cell counts were 509 cells/µL (interquartile range [IQR]: 324-730) for the older patients and 384 cells/µL (IQR: 262-562) (P = 0.021) for the younger patients. Viral suppression were significantly higher in the older group: 80% vs. 63% (P = 0.037). The number of comorbidities was significantly higher in the older group, with a median of 2 (IQR: 2-3) vs. 1 (IQR: 0-1) (P ≤ 0.001). After adjustment of the logistic regression model in the older group, the following comorbidities differed between the age groups: systemic arterial hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 15.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.49-71.05; P = < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 14.36; 95% CI 1.79-115.07; P = 0.001), osteoarthritis (OR: 10.33; 95% CI 2.88-37.05; P = < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR: 2.78; 95% CI 1.22-6.34; P = 0.001), and polypharmacy (OR: 6.58; 95% CI 3.01-14.39; P = 0.001).

Risk factors and correlates for anemia in HIV treatment-naïve infected patients: a cross-sectional analytical study.

BACKGROUND: Hematologic manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are a well-recognized complication of the disease and may be clinically important. Our objective was to determine the risk factors for anemia and its correlation with HIV treatment-naïve infected patients without co-infection or opportunistic diseases. FINDINGS: We performed a cross-sectional comparative study in which HIV treatment-naïve infected patients with anemia were compared with a control group of HIV patients without anemia. The interrelationship between risk factors and anemia was determined. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, to adjust for the effects of potential confounders and we used a logistic regression model. Pearson's correlation coefficient was obtained to calculate the correlation between risk factors and hemoglobin.We enrolled 54 men and 9 women. Anemia was found in 13 patients; prevalence .20 (CI 95% 0.12-0.32). Severe anemia was found in only one patient (1.5%). Only CD4+ Cells Count <200 cells/mm3 was associated with increased risk of anemia in the multivariate analysis. There was a moderately strong, positive correlation between WBC and hemoglobin (r = 0.49, P < 0.001) and between CD4+ cell count and hemoglobin (r = 0.595, P < 0.001) and a moderately strong, negative correlation between HIV RNA viral load and hemoglobin (r = - 0.433, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Anemia is a common manifestation in the Mexican population without antiretroviral therapy. In HIV naïve patients a CD4+ Cell Count < 200 cells/mm3 was associated with an increased risk of anemia. There is a positive correlation between hemoglobin and CD4+ cell count.

Coccidioidomicosis diseminada: manifestación inicial de sida en residente de área no endémica / Disseminated coccidioidomycosis: initial manifestation of AIDS in a non-endemic area resident

La coccidioidomicosis es causada por Coccidioides immitis, hongo muy virulento cuyo hábitat natural se restringe a la región geográfica situada en el noroeste de la República Mexicana y el suroeste de Estados Unidos de América del Norte. La mayoría de las veces cursa en forma asintomática. El padecimiento suele presentarse en forma localizada (40 por ciento), limitado al aparato respiratorio. Raramente (0.5 por ciento) causa afección multiorgánica y se constituye en la forma diseminada. Aun en áreas endémicas, la enfermedad en su forma diseminada se presenta con igual prevalencia en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), que en sujetos inmunocompetentes. Sin embargo, conforme aparece y avanza el deterioro de la inmunidad celular consecutivo a la infección por VIH se puede presentar la reactivación del hongo en pacientes que lo adquirieron previamente. En la coccidioidomicosis diseminada la afección de corazón, tiroides, hígado, bazo, intestino y encéfalo es poco común, incluso en pacientes con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana. Se informa de un paciente residente en un área no endémica, en el cual la coccidioidomicosis diseminada se presentó como reactivación de la infección y constituyó la manifestación inicial de sida.