RESUMO
Rosa damascena, or Damask rose, is a rose hybrid commonly harvested for rose oil used in perfumery and for rose water used to flavor food. The petal extract of R. damascena was recently found to decrease Drosophila melanogaster mortality without impairing reproductive fitness or metabolic rate. Here, we report that R. damascena extended both mean and maximum lifespan of the fly. The extract also protected against oxidative stress in flies, predominantly in females. However, it did not alter mitochondrial respiration or content, superoxide production, or the major antioxidant defenses, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The extract increased survival in both sexes when exposed to reduced iron, though surprisingly, it sensitized both sexes to heat stress (survival at 37°C), and appeared to down-regulate the major heat shock protein HSP70 and the small mitochondrial heat shock protein HSP22, at 25°C and after heat shock (4 h at 37°C). We hypothesize that R. damascena extends lifespan by protecting against iron, which concomitantly leads to decreased HSP expression and compromising heat tolerance.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Alta , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Rosa , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Regulação para Baixo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Feminino , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Flores , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Ácido Nitrilotriacético/análogos & derivados , Ácido Nitrilotriacético/toxicidade , Oxidantes/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Paraquat/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Rosa/química , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The root extract from Rhodiola rosea has been reported to have numerous health benefits in human and animal studies. Its molecular mechanism is currently unknown; however, it has been suggested to act as an antioxidant. This study found that a formulation of R. rosea extract, SHR-5, from the Swedish Herbal Institute (SHI) could extend both mean (24% in both sexes) and maximum (16% in males and 31% in females) life span in Drosophila melanogaster when compared to controls. It also found that it lowered mitochondrial superoxide levels and afforded elevated protection against the superoxide generator paraquat in both sexes. The extract SHR-5 did not alter the activities of the major antioxidant enzymes, the superoxide dismutases or catalase, nor did it afford protection against H(2)O(2) or soluble iron. These results present a decrease in endogenous superoxide levels as a possible mode of action for the root extract of R. rosea.
