Alginate-based porous polyHIPE for removal of single and multi-dye mixtures: Competitive isotherm and molecular docking studies.

A novel hydrophilic porous alginate-based polyHIPE (AGA) was synthesized via an oil-in-water emulsion templating approach. AGA was used as an adsorbent for removing methylene blue (MB) dye in single- and multi-dye systems. BET, SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TEM were used to characterize AGA to elucidate its morphology, composition and physicochemical properties. According to the results, 1.25 g/L AGA adsorbed 99 % of 10 mg/L MB in 3 h in a single-dye system. The removal efficiency decreased to 97.2 % in the presence of 10 mg/L Cu2+ ions and 40.2 % when the solution salinity increased to 70 %. In a single-dye system, the experimental data do not match well with the Freundlich isotherm, pseudo-first order, and the Elovich kinetic model, however, in a multi-dye system, it fit well with both extended Langmuir and the Sheindorf-Rebhun-Sheintuch. Notably, AGA removed 66.87 mg/g in a dye solution containing only MB, whereas 50.14-60.01 mg/g adsorption of MB was accomplished in a multiple-dye system. According to the molecular docking analysis, the dye removal process involved chemical bonds between the functional groups of AGA and the dye molecules, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The overall binding score of MB decreased from -26.9 kcal/mol in a single-dye system to -18.3 kcal/mol in a ternary system.

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review.

Increasing trace levels of antibiotics and hormones in the environment and food samples are concerning and pose a threat. Opto-electrochemical sensors have received attention due to their low cost, portability, sensitivity, analytical performance, and ease of deployment in the field as compared to conventional expensive technologies that are time-consuming and require experienced professionals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with variable porosity, active functional sites, and fluorescence capacity are attractive materials for developing opto-electrochemical sensors. Herein, the insights into the capabilities of electrochemical and luminescent MOF sensors for detection and monitoring of antibiotics and hormones from various samples are critically reviewed. The detailed sensing mechanisms and detection limits of MOF sensors are addressed. The challenges, recent advances, and future directions for the development of stable, high-performance MOFs as commercially viable next-generation opto-electrochemical sensor materials for the detection and monitoring of diverse analytes are discussed.

Molecular mechanism of the protective effect of adenosine triphosphate against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats.

Toxic doses of paracetamol are also known to be close to therapeutic doses. This study aimed to biochemically investigate the protective effect of ATP against paracetamol-induced oxidative liver injury in rats and to examine the tissues histopathologically. We divided the animals into the paracetamol alone (PCT), ATP + paracetamol (PATP), and healthy control (HG) groups. Liver tissues were examined biochemically and histopathologically. Malondialdehyde level, AST and ALT activity in the PCT group were significantly higher than those in the HG and PATP groups (p < 0.001). The glutathione (tGSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the PCT group was significantly lower than that in the HG and PATP groups (p < 0.001), while animal SOD activity was significantly different between the PATP and HG groups (p < 0.001). The activity of CAT was almost the same. In the group treated with paracetamol alone, lipid deposition, necrosis, fibrosis, and grade 3 hydropic degeneration were observed. No histopathological damage was observed of the ATP-treated group, except for grade 2 edema. We discovered that ATP reduces the oxidative stress caused by paracetamol ingestion and protects against paracetamol-induced liver injury at the macroscopic and histological levels.

The effects of sugammadex on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: Biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

The primary sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries are enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOXs) in the literature, whereby one of the main ROS producing cells via NOX activity are polymophonuclear leukocytes (PNL). Sugammadex, the effect of which we plan to research against gastric I/R damage, is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin that antagonizes the action of steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs. Previous studies have reported that sugammadex inhibits PNL infiltration. However, it is unknown whether an inhibitory effect on XO is present. We aimed to biochemically and histopathologically investigate the effects of sugammadex on I/R-induced stomach damage in rats. The animals were divided into groups that underwent gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GIR), 4 mg/kg sugammadex + gastric ischemia-reperfusion (SGIR), and a sham operation group (SG). The effect of sugammadex was evaluated by measuring oxidant-antioxidant and PNL parameters. There was no significant difference in XO levels between the SGIR and GIR groups. In the SGIR group, sugammadex inhibited the increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.001). The amount of MDA and MPO in the SGIR group was similar as in the SG group. Sugammadex significantly suppressed the decrease in tGSH levels in the SGIR group (p < 0.001). The difference between tGSH levels in the SG and SGIR groups was slight. In the SGIR group, sugammadex significantly suppressed the increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1-ß) levels compared to the GIR group (p < 0.001). Additionally, sugammadex corrected histopathological modifications as much as sham group. In conclusion, sugammadex may be beneficial in preventing oxidative stress.

Efficient removal of antibiotic in single and binary mixture of nickel by electrocoagulation process: Hydrogen generation and cost analysis.

In discharged water, antibiotics and heavy metals frequently coexist, forming stable and recalcitrant complexes. Environmental concerns about how to efficiently treat this type of pollution are growing. Using Fe and Al electrodes, electrocoagulation (EC) was applied to remove tetracycline (TC) as a single pollutant as well as TC-nickel ions in a binary mixture from water. The effects of critical variables and the TC-Ni molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) were studied. The Fe electrode achieved 99.3% TC removal after 60 min in a single pollutant system containing 15 mgL-1 of TC, while the Al electrode achieved 99.8% removal in 20 min at optimal conditions. The EC process demonstrated excellent electrodegradation efficiency towards TC-Ni complexes. When the TC to Ni2+ ratio was 1:1 and 1:2, respectively, TC elimination was 100% in 10 min and 99.6% in 20 min. We noted that a sufficient amount of Ni2+ could increase TC decomposition by electrocatalysis. The amount of hydrogen gas produced after treatment of a 0.2 L TC solution alone is 22.2-13.99 mol m-3, whereas it was 27.2-40.8 mol m-3 in the TC-Ni binary mixture, which can generate more than 35% of the electrical energy needed to power the EC system. To evaluate the generated sludge, FTIR analysis was performed.

The investigation of fluorescence and metal interaction properties of racemic 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzo[c]chromen-6-one.

The design or investigation of fluorescence probes continues to receive attention with respect to the diverse applications of spectrofluorometry. Depending on the highly sensitive character, fluorescence spectroscopy-based methodologies have been widely used in recent years in different sciences, including analytical, environmental, and medicinal chemistry areas. In our previous works, we have shown the iron (III) selective on-off sensor properties of benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives. In this study, we have extrapolated this research to 4-substituted analogues and investigated both fluorescent and metal interaction properties. Following the synthesis and structure identification studies, (±)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzo[c]chromen-6-one was found as a fluorescent molecule displaying fluorescence enhancement in the presence of metals. This feature has been found quite different in comparison to the previous urolithins investigated. This finding suggested the substituent dependent effects and variations on the fluorescent properties of benzo[c]chromen-6-one system.

3-Hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one and 3-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one act as on-off selective fluorescent sensors for Iron (III) under in vitro and ex vivo conditions.

Regarding the abundant use of metals for different purposes, it becomes more critical from various scientific and technological perspectives to discover novel agents as selective probes for the detection of specific metals. In our previous studies, we have shown that aqueous solutions of natural urolithins (i.e., hydroxyl-substituted benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives) are selective Iron (III) sensors in fluorescence assays. In this study, we have extrapolated these findings to another coumarine compound (i.e., 3-Hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one) and compared the selective metal binding properties with Urolithin B (i.e., 3-Hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one). Following the synthesis and structure identification studies, the fluorometric studies pointed out that the lactam group in the structure still persists to be the important scaffold for maintaining selective on-off sensor capacity that renders the compound a selective Iron (III) binding probe. Moreover, for the first time, fluorescence cellular imaging studies concomitant to cytotoxicity assays with the title compounds were also performed and the results displayed the cell-penetrative, safe, and fluorescent detectable characteristics of the compounds in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells through servings as intracellular Iron (III) on-off sensors.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new urolithin amides as multitarget agents against Alzheimer's disease.

A series of urolithin amide (i.e., URO-4-URO-10 and THU-4-THU-10) derivatives was designed and synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed with spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The title compounds and synthesis intermediates (THU-1-THU-10 and URO-1-URO-10) were evaluated for their potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Compounds THU-4 and THU-8 were found to be the most potent inhibitors for the cholinesterases and MAO-B, respectively. The docking studies were also employed to evaluate the binding modes of the most active compounds with AChE, BuChE, and MAO-B. Furthermore, the moderate-to-strong activities of the compounds were also displayed in amyloid-beta inhibition and antioxidant assay systems. The results pointed out that the urolithin scaffold can be employed in drug design studies for the development of multitarget ligands acting on various cascades shown to be important within the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.

Hybrid MnFe-LDO-biochar nanopowders for degradation of metronidazole via UV-light-driven photocatalysis: Characterization and mechanism studies.

A cost-competitive MnFe-LDO-biochar hybrid catalyst was successfully synthesized via a simple yet efficient technique for the decomposition of metronidazole (MZ). MnFe-LDO-biochar was characterized by various techniques and the results revealed that it has a bandgap of 2.85 eV, high photocurrent response of 3.8 µA cm-2 and can be separated rapidly from the bulk solution by an external magnet due to its saturation magnetization of 28.5 emu g-1. Initially, in the dark condition, 20% of MZ was removed after 30 min when 20 mg L-1 MZ solution was treated with 50 mg MnFe-LDO-biochar in the presence of 6 mM H2O2. The MZ degradation increased remarkably to ∼98% upon exposure to a UV light for 60 min. Under various processes, UV/MnFe-LDO-biochar/H2O2 presented high degradation rate constant of 0.226 min-1 and lowest energy consumption cost of 0.38$ at 7.56 kWh m-3 which is ∼13 times lower than the degradation of MZ by the photolytic process under similar conditions. The MZ photocatalytic decomposition trend revealed a multiprocess mechanism influenced majorly by •OH and partly by h+ and •O2-. Note that in MnFe-LDO-biochar/UV system; 5% of MZ degradation was observed after 120 min and reached 13% after 300 min. MnFe-LDO-biochar maintained ∼88% reuse efficiency after three consecutive recycling tests.

Fabrication of a novel nontoxic trichlorophenol-epichlorohydrin-based compound with high antimicrobial activity and thermal stability.

The aim of this study was to modify a discontinued, toxic antiseptic agent 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) by reacting it with epichlorohydrin (ECH) to obtain a nontoxic novel compound with similar antimicrobial effectiveness. A novel compound named {[1,3-bis(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propan-2-yl] oxy}-3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) hexan-2-ol (TPTH) was synthesized from this reaction. Chemical and physical structures of the product were characterized by FTIR, MS, Uv-vis, NMR, SEM and TEM. The thermal stability of TPTH was evaluated by conducting thermogravimetric analysis. Biological interactions of the compound were investigated by performing antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity assays. The compound displayed a good antimicrobial activity where minimum inhibitor concentrations were found to be 0.02, 0.08, and 0.15 µg mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) respectively. Additionally, well diffusion assay demonstrated that, the zone of inhibitions for S. aureus, MRSA and E. coli were 24 mm, 22 mm and 18 mm, respectively. Cytotoxicity assay results revealed that TPTH is nontoxic against cells at effective anti-microbial concentrations. TPTH shows thermal stability up to 220 °C. Results here demonstrate the successful conversion of toxic TCP to a nontoxic form; TPTH with a good anti-microbial activity and thermal stability.

Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Biological Activities of Some Natural and Synthetic Urolithin Analogs.

Urolithins (that is, hydroxy substituted benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives) are formed within the gastrointestinal tract following to the exposure to various ellagitannin rich diet, particularly involving pomegranate, nuts, and berries. Regarding the bioavailability deficiency of ellagitannins, the biological activities obtained through the extracts of these dietaries are attributed to the urolithin compounds, since they are bioavailable. Particularly, there are studies indicating the importance of ellagitannin-rich food for protective and alternative treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). From this perspective, within this study, the major urolithins (that is, urolithins A and B), their methyl ether metabolites, as well as some synthetic urolithin analogs have been synthesized and screened for their biological activities in various enzyme inhibition (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase 1, and cyclooxygenase 2) and antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging) assay systems. The results pointed out the potential of urolithins to act as inhibitors on these receptors. Docking studies were also performed to investigate the possible interactions.

CuO coated olive cake nanocomposites for rapid phenol removal and effective discoloration of high strength olive mill wastewater.

The potential of solid olive wastes-based adsorbent (CuO-OC) with photocatalytic power was established for the removal of total phenolics and photocatalytic discolourization of high strength olive mill wastewater (OMW). Clear insight of the FTIR and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses showed that oxygen-containing functional groups of CuO-OC likely participated in the adsorption of total phenols from the OMW via a π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. Also, the total pore volume of CuO-OC decreased from 0.068 to 0.052 cm3 g-1 after adsorption, which suggested that phenolics were trapped within the micro- and mesopores of CuO-OC. The adsorption kinetics revealed that ∼82.7-95% of the phenolic compounds were removed within the first 360 min which is relatively faster than adsorbents and methods reported elsewhere. The isotherm results showed that Redlich-Peterson equation fit the experimental data very well with least error (χ2 = 1.46-3.19) and high correlation coefficients (0.992-0.996), which suggested a mixture of hetero- and monolayer coverage of the phenolics on the CuO-OC surface. Results obtained herein are of practical interest and the reuse efficiency of CuO-OC remained ∼60% after 5 successive recycling.

Urolithin A and B Derivatives as ON-OFF Selective Fluorescent Sensors for Iron(III).

The detection and sensing of environmentally crucial metal ions has always been of great significance in various fields such as biological and environmental cycles. Our previous studies have indicated a new coumarin based lactone, Urolithin B (i.e., 3-Hydroxy[c]chromen-6-one) as a potent fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Iron (III). In order to question the extension of this application to other urolithins, we have synthesized the major urolithins that humans are exposed to through regular diet. Following the structure identifying studies, the compounds were tested in fluorescence titration to investigate their interaction with various metals. The results have indicated that each title compound is selective to interact with Iron (III) in ON-OFF mode, independent from the presence of another metal. Similar to the previous findings, the Job's plots displaying the ratio of complex formation 3:2 UROs:Fe3+ have indicated the significance of the lactone group solely.

High adsorptive potential of calcined magnetic biochar derived from banana peels for Cu2+, Hg2+, and Zn2+ ions removal in single and ternary systems.

The use of banana peel as a sustainable and low-cost precursor for the fabrication of effective biochar was exploited. Here, calcined magnetic biochar (CMB) was fabricated and characterized. CMB possesses surface acidic functional groups (-OH and COO-), porous structures, high saturation magnetization (39.55 emu/g), and larger surface area than the non-magnetic biochar (CB). The CMB adsorption performance (72.8, 75.9, and 83.4 mg/g for Zn2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, respectively at pH 6) in a single component was described suitably by pseudo-second order kinetic model, Langmuir, and Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherms. Notably, the selectivity factor values in the extended Langmuir isotherm indicated that CMB has higher adsorption affinity toward Hg2+ than Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the multi-component system. Owing to its high adsorption efficiency and fast and easy separation, the calcined magnetic biochar is considered promising and effective for the purification of heavy metal-bearing wastewater.

Porous magnetic resin-g-chitosan beads for adsorptive removal of phenolic compounds.

In this study, porous magnetic resin grafted chitosan (R-g-Ch) beads were prepared for removal of 4-chlorophenol and phenol from aqueous solutions. The R-g-Ch beads were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry methods. The removal of the phenolic compounds was optimized by varying the experimental conditions. Results herein are well fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of phenol and 4-chlorophenol were found to be 188.6 and 99 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process was exothermic, irreversible and feasible within the range of 298-318 K.

Evaluation of the effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on pain with the analgesia nociception index in the perioperative period in hysteroscopies under general anesthesia. A randomized prospective study.

Objectives To compare analgesia nociception index (ANI) values, visual analog scale (VAS) values, and hemodynamic parameters in hysteroscopy patients who received remifentanil and dexmedetomidine during general anesthesia. Methods: In total, 30 patients who underwent hysteroscopy between March and September 2016 at the University of Health Sciences Fatih Sultan Mehmet Health Research and Application Center, Ankara, Turkey were included in this prospective study. Standard hemodynamic monitoring, ANI, and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring were applied to the patients. At 10 min prior to induction, 1 µg/kg of remifentanil was applied in Group R (n=15) and 1 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine was applied in Group D (n=15). After induction, sevoflurane was used for maintenance with dexmedetomidine at 0.2-0.7 µg/kg/hour in Group D and remifentanil at 0.05-0.5 µg/kg/minute in Group R. Perioperative and postoperative analgesia levels (ANI and VAS, respectively), hemodynamics, and complications were recorded. Results: Even though the ANI levels in Group D were lower at the perioperative 5th and 10th minutes, the ANI values were between the targeted limits, except for the measurement after I-gel insertion, in both groups. Hemodynamic parameters were within normal limits, but the mean arterial pressures in Group R after induction, following I-gel placement, and at the perioperative 5th, 10th, and 20th minutes were lower and at postoperative 30th minute were significantly higher.   Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and remifentanil are both efficacious agents for perioperative analgesia in hysteroscopy cases.

Urolithin B as a Simple, Selective, Fluorescent Probe for Sensing Iron(III) in Semi-Aqueous Solution.

The development of simple, environmental friendly, and cheap reagents with metal binding properties are quite important not only for the treatment of environmental pollution but also for their application in medicine. Within this study, for the first time, we displayed a natural chromen analogue, Urolithin B, as a simple, selective, fluorescent iron (III) sensing probe. Following the synthesis and structure identification studies, the selective metal binding property of the compound was displayed employing fluorescence techniques. Accordingly, urolithin B has the capacity to coordinate selectively to iron (III) with a 3:2 stoichiometry.

Traditional Techniques Applied in Olive Oil Production Results in Lower Quality Products in Northern Cyprus.

OBJECTIVES: Olive oil production and its consumption is one of the traditional characteristics of Northern Cyprus. To date, no research has been conducted to analyze the quality of traditionally produced olive oil. Therefore, within this study, we aimed to analyze the olive oil produced within the island concomitant to the determination and comparison of its quality indices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The standard olive oil analysis techniques acknowledged by the IOOC and ISO were employed. Accordingly, the fatty acid content, peroxide level, total phenol content, the levels of carotenoids and chlorophyll, as well as status of oxidation were all tested concomitant to statistical analysis. RESULTS: In contrast to the regional belief and consideration, the results indicated that the olive oil produced locally is highly exposed to oxidation and therefore, it is of lower quality according to the ISO guidelines. CONCLUSION: The traditional techniques employed for the production, distribution, and storage of olive oil within Northern Cyprus must be re-evaluated and controlled to satisfy the current standards required and employed globally.

Ultrasound-guided subcostal-posterior transversus abdominis plane block for pain control following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the analgesic effect of a subcostal-posterior transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block combination following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: This study was conducted at Fatih Sultan Mehmet Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, between March 2014 and June 2015. A total of 40 patients with a body mass index of 40-60 kg/m2 scheduled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Patients in Group I (n=20) received a bilateral subcostal TAP block, and patients in Group II (n=20) received a bilateral subcostal and posterior TAP block. Pain intensity was assessed at rest and during coughing using the visual analog scale (VAS) prior to and at various time points after TAP block (0 min, 30 min, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours). Morphine consumption over 24 hours and time to first morphine requirement were recorded.  Results: There was no difference in VAS scores between groups. Morphine consumption was 6.78±5.95 mg in Group I, and 7.28±5.95 mg in Group II (p=0.795). Time to first morphine requirement was 267.22±303.84 min for Group I, and 207.80±209.81 min for Group II (p=0.154).  Conclusions: Subcostal-posterior TAP block provided equivalent analgesia to subcostal TAP block alone following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Analgesia Nociception Index for perioperative analgesia monitoring in spinal surgery / Índice de analgesia/nocicepção para monitorização da analgesia perioperatória na cirurgia da coluna vertebral

Abstract Background and objectives: The Analgesia Nociception Index is an index used to measure the levels of pain, sympathetic system activity and heart rate variability during general anesthesia. In our study, Analgesia Nociception Index monitoring in two groups who had undergone spinal stabilization surgery and were administered propofol-remifentanil (Total Intravenous Anesthesia) and sevoflurane-remifentanyl anesthesia was compared regarding its significance for prediction of postoperative early pain. Methods: BIS and Analgesia Nociception Index monitoring were conducted in the patients together with standard monitoring. During induction, fentanyl 2 µg.kg-1, propofol 2.5 mg.kg-1 and rocuronium 0.6 mg.kg-1 were administered. During maintenance, 1.0 MAC sevoflurane + remifentanil 0.05-0.3 µg.kg-1.min-1 and propofol 50-150 µg.kg-1.min-1 + remifentanil 0.05-0.3 µg.kg-1.min-1 were administered in Group S and Group T, respectively. Hemodynamic parameters, BIS and Analgesia Nociception Index values were recorded during surgery and 30 min postoperatively. Postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) values at 30 minutes were recorded. Results: While no difference was found between mean Analgesia Nociception Index at all times of measurement in both groups, Analgesia Nociception Index measurements after administration of perioperative analgesic drug were recorded to be significantly higher compared to baseline values in both groups. There was correlation between mean values of Analgesia Nociception Index and VAS after anesthesia. Conclusion: Analgesia Nociception Index is a valuable parameter for monitoring of perioperative and postoperative analgesia. In spine surgery, similar analgesia can be provided in both Total Intravenous Anesthesia with remifentanil and sevoflurane administration. Analgesia Nociception Index is efficient for prediction of the need for analgesia during the early postoperative period, and therefore is the provision of patient comfort.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O índice de analgesia/nocicepção (ANI) é usado para medir os níveis de dor, a atividade do sistema simpático e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca durante a anestesia geral. Em nosso estudo, a monitoração do ANI em dois grupos que foram submetidos à cirurgia de estabilização da coluna vertebral e receberam propofol-remifentanil (Total Intravenous Anesthesia - TIVA) e sevoflurano-remifentanil foram comparados para identificar sua importância na previsão precoce de dor no pós-operatório. Métodos: Os pacientes foram monitorados com o uso de BIS e ANI juntamente com a monitoração padrão. Durante a indução, fentanil (2 µg.kg-1), propofol (2,5 mg.kg-1) e rocurônio (0,6 mg.kg-1) foram administrados. Durante a manutenção, 1 CAM de sevoflurano + remifentanil (0,05-0,3 µg.kg-1.min-1) e propofol (50-150 µg.kg-1.min-1) + remifentanil (0,05-0,3 µg.kg-1.min-1) foram administrados aos grupos S e T, respectivamente. Parâmetros hemodinâmicos, valores de BIS e ANI foram registrados durante a cirurgia e aos 30 minutos de pós-operatório. Os valores escala visual analógica (EVA) aos 30 minutos de pós-operatório foram registrados. Resultados: Enquanto não observamos diferença entre as médias do ANI em todos os tempos de mensuração de ambos os grupos, as mensurações do ANI após a administração do analgésico no perioperatório foram significativamente maiores do que os valores basais de ambos os grupos. Houve correlação entre as médias dos valores de ANI e EVA após a anestesia. Conclusão: ANI é um parâmetro importante para o monitoração de analgesia nos períodos perioperatório e pós-operatório. Na cirurgia da coluna vertebral, analgesia semelhante pode ser obtida com anestesia intravenosa total com remifentanil e com a administração de sevoflurano. O ANI é eficiente para prever a necessidade de analgesia durante o período pós-operatório imediato e, portanto, para proporcionar conforto ao paciente.