Antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oil and its main component of cinnamaldehyde and the underlying mechanism.

Background: Plant essential oils have long been regarded as repositories of antimicrobial agents. In recent years, they have emerged as potential alternatives or supplements to antimicrobial drugs. Although literature reviews and previous studies have indicated that cinnamon essential oil (CIEO) and its major component, cinnamaldehyde (CID), possess potent antibacterial activities, their antibacterial mechanisms, especially the in vivo antibacterial mechanisms, remain elusive. Methods: In this study, we utilized the in vivo assessment system of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to investigate the effects and mechanisms of high dose (100 mg/L) and low dose (10 mg/L) CIEO and CID in inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). In addition, we also examined the in vitro antibacterial abilities of CIEO and CID against other common pathogens including P. aeruginosa and 4 other strains. Results: Our research revealed that both high (100 mg/L) and low doses (10 mg/L) of CIEO and CID treatment significantly alleviated the reduction in locomotion behavior, lifespan, and accumulation of P. aeruginosa in C. elegans infected with the bacteria. During P. aeruginosa infection, the transcriptional expression of antimicrobial peptide-related genes (lys-1 and lys-8) in C. elegans was upregulated with low-dose CIEO and CID treatment, while this trend was suppressed at high doses. Further investigation suggested that the PMK-1 mediated p38 signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of CIEO and CID during nematode defense against P. aeruginosa infection. Furthermore, in vitro experimental results also revealed that CIEO and CID exhibit good antibacterial effects, which may be associated with their antioxidant properties. Conclusion: Our results indicated that low-dose CIEO and CID treatment could activate the p38 signaling pathway in C. elegans, thereby regulating antimicrobial peptides, and achieving antimicrobial effects. Meanwhile, high doses of CIEO and CID might directly participate in the internal antimicrobial processes of C. elegans. Our study provides research basis for the antibacterial properties of CIEO and CID both in vivo and in vitro.

The mutual overlapping impact of stress and infection on mental health problems in adolescents and youths during and after COVID-19 pandemic in China.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear about the mutual impact of COVID-19 related psychological stress and infection on mental health of adolescent and youth students. This study aimed to explore the mutual impact of COVID-19 related psychological stress and infection on mental health problems among students. METHODS: This study was conducted from December 14, 2022 to February 28, 2023 in Sichuan, China. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Insomnia Severity Index, and Internet Addiction Test were used. Participants were grouped by COVID-19 infection and psychological stress level. The differences among groups were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors for depression, anxiety, PTSD and insomnia among groups. RESULTS: Of 90,118 participants, 82,873 (92.0 %) finished the questionnaires and were included in the study. Of 82,873 participants, 33,314 (40.2 %) reported to be infected with COVID-19. Participants had depression symptoms (38.1 %), anxiety symptoms (31.8 %), PTSD (33.9 %), insomnia (34.0 %), and internet addiction (60.3 %). Compared with participants uninfected with low psychological stress level, the risk for symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD and insomnia increased by 9.6 %, 12.3 %, 6.6 %, and 12.0 % in participants infected with low psychological stress level (p < 0.001), 106.8 %, 125.9 %, 125.2 %, and 95.7 % in participants uninfected with high psychological stress level (p < 0.001), and 147.3 %, 161.1 %, 158.7 %, and 141.0 % in participants infected with high psychological stress level (p < 0.001). LIMITATION: This study is a cross-sectional design, and no causal associations should be inferred. Infection status was based on self-report of participants with infectious symptoms. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 related psychological stress and infection per se have mutually overlapping impacts on mental health problems among students. Further health policies and psychosocial interventions should be developed to reduce mutually overlapping impact and improve the long-term mental health among students.

Management of experimental trabeculectomy filtering blebs via crosslinking of the scleral flap inhibited vascularization.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking (UVA-CXL) can maintain the function of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy (TRAB) in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy rabbits were randomized to one of the following groups with 12 rabbits in each group: Trabeculectomy group (TRAB group), trabeculectomy combined with CXL group (CXL group), and trabeculectomy combined with MMC group (MMC group). Six rabbits of each group were performed with intraocular pressure (IOP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA). Bleb structure was observed via hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry, proteomic study, western blot, and tensile test were performed between CXL group and the control. In vitro, cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 and Calcein/PI staining. TRPV4 and VEGF-a expression levels were measured by Q-PCR. Ca2+ concentration was observed with Fluo-4 AM. RESULTS: The IOP and bleb median survival day were significantly modified in CXL (5.92 ± 0.32 mmHg and 15.5 days) than TRAB group (7.50 ± 0.43 mmHg and 9 days). The bleb area and height increased. CXL inhibited vascularization, and vascularization peaked at postoperative day (POD) 14 and then decreased gradually. In proteomic analyses, Z disc, actin filament binding, and sarcomere organization were significantly enriched. CXL inhibited scleral stress‒strain in tensile tests. Compared with TRAB group, TRPV4 expression was significantly increased, but VEGF-a and TGF-ß1 levels were reduced in the CXL group in western blot. Meanwhile, TRPV4 expression colocalized with CD31. In vitro, CXL inhibited HUVECs cell viability. After CXL, expression level of TRPV4 was increased and calcium influx was activated, but VEGF-a was decreased in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that intraoperative UV-RF CXL can significantly improve the success rate of TRAB via inhibiting filtering bleb vascularization. CXL increased sclera stiffness, in turn, induced TRPV4 activation, thus contributing to vascular endothelial cells suppression.

Unraveling intratumoral complexity in metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) stands as a rare and locally aggressive soft tissue tumor, characterized by intricated molecular alterations. The imperative to unravel the complexities of intratumor heterogeneity underscores effective clinical management. Herein, we harnessed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to conduct a comprehensive analysis encompassing samples from primary sites, satellite foci, and lymph node metastases. Rigorous preprocessing of raw scRNA-seq data ensued, and employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) analysis, we unveiled seven major cell populations and fifteen distinct subpopulations. Malignant cell subpopulations were delineated using infercnv for copy number variation calculations. Functional and metabolic variations of diverse malignant cell populations across samples were deciphered utilizing GSVA and the scMetabolism R packages. Additionally, the exploration of differentiation trajectories within diverse fibroblast subpopulations was orchestrated through pseudotime trajectory analyses employing CytoTRACE and Monocle2, and further bolstered by GO analyses to elucidate the functional disparities across distinct differentiation states. In parallel, we segmented the cellular components of the immune microenvironment and verified the presence of SPP1+ macrophage, which constituted the major constituent in lymph node metastases. Remarkably, the CellChat facilitated a comprehensive intercellular communication analysis. This study culminates in an all-encompassing single-cell transcriptome atlas, propounding novel insights into the multifaceted nature of intratumor heterogeneity and fundamental molecular mechanisms propelling metastatic DFSP.

NCAPG Regulates Myogenesis in Sheep, and SNPs Located in Its Putative Promoter Region Are Associated with Growth and Development Traits.

Previously, NCAPG was identified as a candidate gene associated with sheep growth traits. This study aimed to investigate the direct role of NCAPG in regulating myogenesis in embryonic myoblast cells and to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its promoter region and sheep growth traits. The function of NCAPG in myoblast proliferation and differentiation was detected after small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) knocked down the expression of NCAPG. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8 assay, EdU proliferation assay, and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Cell differentiation was detected via cell immunofluorescence and the quantification of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). SNPs in the promoter region were detected using Sanger sequencing and genotyped using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR®) technique. As a result, a notable decrease (p < 0.01) in the percentage of EdU-positive cells in the siRNA-694-treated group was observed. A significant decrease (p < 0.01) in cell viability after treatment with siRNA-694 for 48 h and 72 h was detected using the CCK-8 method. The quantity of S-phase cells in the siRNA-694 treatment group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). After interfering with NCAPG in myoblasts during induced differentiation, the relative expression levels of MRFs were markedly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) reduced compared with the control group on days 5-7. The myoblast differentiation in the siRNA-694 treatment group was obviously suppressed compared with the control group. SNP1, SNP2, SNP3, and SNP4 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with all traits except body weight measured at birth and one month of age. SNP5 was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with body weight, body height, and body length in six-month-old sheep. In conclusion, interfering with NCAPG can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of ovine embryonic myoblasts. SNPs in its promoter region can serve as potential useful markers for selecting sheep growth traits.

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Rates and Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection in One VA Hospital.

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in some healthcare-associated infections. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on the rates and molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) within one VA hospital. We anticipated that the potential widespread use of antibiotics for pneumonia during the pandemic might increase CDI rates given that antibiotics are a major risk for CDI. Hospital data on patients with CDI and recurrent CDI (rCDI) were reviewed both prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2015 to 2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2021). Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) strain typing was performed on CD isolates recovered from stool samples collected from October 2019 to March 2022. CDI case numbers declined by 43.2% in 2020 to 2021 compared to the annual mean over the previous 5 years. The stool test positivity rate was also lower during the COVID-19 pandemic (14.3% vs. 17.2%; p = 0.013). Inpatient hospitalization rates declined, and rates of CDI among inpatients were reduced by 34.2% from 2020 to 2021. The mean monthly cases of rCDI also declined significantly after 2020 [3.38 (95% CI: 2.89-3.87) vs. 1.92 (95% CI: 1.27-2.56); p = <0.01]. Prior to the pandemic, REA group Y was the most prevalent CD strain among the major REA groups (27.3%). During the first wave of the pandemic, from 8 March 2020, to 30 June 2020, there was an increase in the relative incidence of REA group BI (26.7% vs. 9.1%); After adjusting for CDI risk factors, a multivariable logistic regression model revealed that the odds of developing an REA group BI CDI increased during the first pandemic wave (OR 6.41, 95% CI: 1.03-39.91) compared to the pre-pandemic period. In conclusion, the incidence of CDI and rCDI decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, REA BI (Ribotype 027), a virulent, previously epidemic CD strain frequently associated with hospital transmission and outbreaks, reappeared as a prevalent strain during the first wave of the pandemic, but subsequently disappeared, and overall CDI rates declined.

Multi-Omics Reveals the Impact of Exogenous Short-Chain Fatty Acid Infusion on Rumen Homeostasis: Insights into Crosstalk between the Microbiome and the Epithelium in a Goat Model.

Emerging data have underscored the significance of exogenous supplementation of butyrate in the regulation of rumen development and homeostasis. However, the effects of other short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate or propionate, has received comparatively less attention, and the consequences of extensive exogenous SCFA infusion remain largely unknown. In our study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation by infusion of three SCFAs to examine their respective roles in regulating the rumen microbiome, metabolism, and epithelium homeostasis. Data demonstrated that the infusion of sodium acetate (SA) increased rumen index while also promoting SCFA production and absorption through the upregulation of SCFA synthetic enzymes and the mRNA expression of SLC9A1 gene. Moreover, both SA and sodium propionate infusion resulted in an enhanced total antioxidant capacity, an increased concentration of occludin, and higher abundances of specific rumen bacteria, such as "Candidatus Saccharimonas," Christensenellaceae R-7, Butyrivibrio, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut, and Alloprevotella. In addition, sodium butyrate (SB) infusion exhibited positive effects by increasing the width of rumen papilla and the thickness of the stratum basale. SB infusion further enhanced antioxidant capacity and barrier function facilitated by cross talk with Monoglobus and Incertae Sedis. Furthermore, metabolome and transcriptome data revealed distinct metabolic patterns in rumen contents and epithelium, with a particular impact on amino acid and fatty acid metabolism processes. In conclusion, our data provided novel insights into the regulator effects of extensive infusion of the three major SCFAs on rumen fermentation patterns, antioxidant capacity, rumen barrier function, and rumen papilla development, all achieved without inducing rumen epithelial inflammation. IMPORTANCE The consequences of massive exogenous supplementation of SCFAs on rumen microbial fermentation and rumen epithelium health remain an area that requires further exploration. In our study, we sought to investigate the specific impact of administering high doses of exogenous acetate, propionate, and butyrate on rumen homeostasis, with a particular focus on understanding the interaction between the rumen microbiome and epithelium. Importantly, our findings indicated that the massive infusion of these SCFAs did not induce rumen inflammation. Instead, we observed enhancements in antioxidant capacity, strengthening of rumen barrier function, and promotion of rumen papilla development, which were facilitated through interactions with specific rumen bacteria. By addressing existing knowledge gaps and offering critical insights into the regulation of rumen health through SCFA supplementation, our study holds significant implications for enhancing the well-being and productivity of ruminant animals.

Laser treatment for Cafe-au-lait Macules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nowadays, laser is the mainstay treatment for cafe-au-lait macules (CALMs), but no systematic review has been published to demonstrate the overall efficacy and it's still controversial which type of laser is optimal. Thus, we conduct the meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of various types of lasers in treating CALMs. Original articles reporting the efficacy and side effects for CALMs in laser treatment were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from 1983 to April 11, 2023. Using R software and the 'meta' package, meta-analysis was conducted for clearance and recurrence for evaluation of efficacy. And the occurrence of hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation rate was pooled for safety evaluation. We used RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools to assess the risks of bias in RCT studies and non-RCT studies, respectively. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Nineteen studies involving 991 patients were included, which had a very low to moderate quality of evidence. The pooled 75% clearance rate was 43.3% (95% CI 31.8-54.7%, I2 = 96%), 50% clearance rate was 75% (95% CI 62.2-85.9%, I2 = 89%) and the recurrence rate was 13% (95% CI 3.2-26.5%, I2 = 88%). The pooled hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation rates were 1.2% (95% CI 0.3-2.1%, I2 = 0%) and 1.2% (95% CI 0.3-2%, I2 = 0%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that QS-1064-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment not only achieved more than 75% clearance rate in 50.9% of patients (95% CI 26.9-74.4%, I2 = 90%) but also resulted in the lowest hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation rate of 0.5% (95% CI 0.0-2.5%, I2 = 26%) and 0.4% (95% CI 0.0-2.5%, I2 = 0%). To draw a conclusion, the laser treatment could reach an overall clearance rate of 50% for 75% of the patients with CALMs, for 43.3% of the patients, the clearance rate could reach 75%. When looking at different wavelength subgroups, QS-1064-nm Nd:YAG laser exhibited the best treatment capability. Laser of all the wavelength subgroups presented acceptable safety regarding of the low occurrence of side effects, namely, hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation.

Homeostatic crosstalk among gut microbiome, hypothalamic and hepatic circadian clock oscillations, immunity and metabolism in response to different light-dark cycles: A multiomics study.

The accelerated pace of life at present time has resulted in tremendous alterations in living patterns. Changes in diet and eating patterns, in particular, coupled with irregular light-dark (LD) cycles will further induce circadian misalignment and lead to disease. Emerging data has highlighted the regulatory effects of diet and eating patterns on the host-microbe interactions with the circadian clock (CC), immunity, and metabolism. Herein, we studied how LD cycles regulate the homeostatic crosstalk among the gut microbiome (GM), hypothalamic and hepatic CC oscillations, and immunity and metabolism using multiomics approaches. Our data demonstrated that central CC oscillations lost rhythmicity under irregular LD cycles, but LD cycles had minimal effects on diurnal expression of peripheral CC genes in the liver including Bmal1. We further demonstrated that the GM could regulate hepatic circadian rhythms under irregular LD cycles, the candidate bacteria including Limosilactobacillus, Actinomyces, Veillonella, Prevotella, Campylobacter, Faecalibacterium, Kingella, and Clostridia vadinBB60 et al. A comparative transcriptomic study of innate immune genes indicated that different LD cycles had varying effects on immune functions, while irregular LD cycles had greater impacts on hepatic innate immune functions than those in the hypothalamus. Extreme LD cycle alterations (LD0/24 and LD24/0) had worse impacts than slight alterations (LD8/16 and LD16/8), and led to gut dysbiosis in mice receiving antibiotics. Metabolome data also demonstrated that hepatic tryptophan metabolism mediated the homeostatic crosstalk among GM-liver-brain axis in response to different LD cycles. These research findings highlighted that GM could regulate immune and metabolic disorders induced by circadian dysregulation. Further, the data provided potential targets for developing probiotics for individuals with circadian disruption such as shift workers.

Factors influencing the preoperative anxiety in lung cancer patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: The role of information needs, illness perception and patient trust.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate preoperative anxiety in patients with lung cancer scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and explore the influence of demographic factors, information needs, illness perception, and patient trust in preoperative anxiety. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary referral center in China from August 14 to December 1, 2022. Patients with lung cancer (N = 308) scheduled for VATS were evaluated using the Amsterdam Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale (WFPTS). Multivariate linear regression was employed to determine the independent predictors of preoperative anxiety. RESULTS: The average total APAIS anxiety score was (10.6 ± 4.2). Of the sample, 48.4% reported high preoperative anxiety (APAIS-A: ≥10). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that preoperative anxiety was higher in women (B = 0.860); and that preoperative length of stay ≥24 h (B = 0.016), more information needs (B = 0.988), more severe illness perceptions (B = 0.101) and more patient trust (B = -0.078) may lead to higher preoperative anxiety levels. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anxiety is common in patients with lung cancer scheduled for VATS. Therefore, more attention should be paid to women and patients with a preoperative length of stay of ≥24 h. Meeting information needs, transforming positive disease perceptions, and strengthening the doctor-patient trusting relationship are key protective factors for preoperative anxiety.

Combination of iris vessel area density and surgery interval as the predictor of perceived pain during consecutive second-eye cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: To explore clinical indicators to predict perceived pain during second-eye phacoemulsification surgery in patients with bilateral cataracts. SETTING: Shanghai General Hospital, China. DESIGN: A case‒control study and a prospective cohort study. METHODS: Patients with age-related cataract who underwent first-eye or second-eye uneventful phacoemulsification surgery were enrolled. Before surgery, ocular examination results, including vessel area density (VAD) and vessel skeleton density (VSD), obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography examination of the iris were performed. Patients completed a visual analog scale pain survey 3 times postoperatively: 1 hour, 3 hours, and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: 70 patients were enrolled in the case‒control study, and the pain scores of the second-eye surgery group under local anesthesia were significantly greater than those of the first-eye surgery group ( P = .0005). Preoperative iris VAD in the second-eye group affected perioperative pain scores ( P = .0047). The optimal cutoff value of VAD was 0.2167 with a specificity of 76% and a sensitivity of 62%. In the prospective cohort study, 124 patients were included in the second-eye group. Preoperative iris VAD ( P = .0361) and the time interval ( P = .0221) were independent factors for second-eye surgery pain. Combined with preoperative iris VAD and surgical interval, the negative predictive value and positive predictive value were 0.95 and 0.29 for predicting moderate pain or above, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.97 and 0.23, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of iris VAD and the time interval between both eye surgeries can be an effective method to predict the timing of the second-eye cataract surgery and to avoid intraoperative pain.

Association Between Sleep and Cognition of Older Adults in Rural Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Sleep is an essential physiological function for everyone. Limited evidence existed on the associations between multi-factor sleep patterns and cognition among older adults in rural areas. Aimed to assess that, We conducted a cross-sectional study on the living habits and cognitive status in rural areas of Qingdao and 1167 participants aged 65 to 96 years answered the questionnaire. The result showed that poor sleep quality, high sleep disturbance, daytime dysfunction, and hypnotic drug-dominated sleep patterns were related to the cognitive function, and there was no obviously associations between good sleep duration and cognition. In order to solve the sleep problems and preserve cognitive function, support and protection of physical and mental health should be the priority of government policies in helping older adults' group in rural areas.

[Quality evaluation of Cnidii Fructus in commodity grade based on theory of "quality evaluation through morphological identification"].

From the perspective of market classification of Cnidii Fructus, this paper revealed the scientific connotation of evaluating the quality grade of Cnidii Fructus by its appearance traits. Thirty batches of Cnidii Fructus in different grades were selected as the research objects. The canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to explore the measurement values of 15 appearance traits and intrinsic content indexes. The results of correlation analysis showed that except the aspect ratio, the 5 appearance trait indexes(length, width, 1 000-grain weight, broken grain weight proportion, and chroma) and 9 internal content indexes(the content of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, osthole, imperatorin, 5-methoxy psoralen, isopimpinellin, xanthotoxin, and xanthotol) showed significant correlation to varying degrees. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the first typical variable U_1 composed of appearance traits and the first typical variable V_1 composed of internal content indexes(CR_1=0.963, P<0.01). The results of PCA showed that the classification results of appearance traits for 30 batches of Cnidii Fructus were consistent with the actual information of the samples. Under the same analysis conditions, 30 batches of Cnidii Fructus were reclassified by 9 groups of internal content indexes, and the analysis results were consistent. From the classification standard of the appearance traits of the system study, the statistical results of 6 appearance traits of Cnidii Fructus showed a correlation with grades. There was a good correlation between the appearance and the internal content of Cnidii Fructus, and the appearance quality effectively predicted the level of the internal content. There is a certain scientific basis for the quality classification of Cnidii Fructus by main appearance traits. Appearance classification can replace quality grading to realize the "quality evaluation through morphological identification" of Cnidii Fructus.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Androgen Receptor (AR) Antagonist-Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Inhibitor Conjugates for Targeted Therapy of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Androgen deprivation in cases of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) leads to adverse effects, including loss of muscle and bone mass and gain of subcutaneous fat. The tumor-specific suppression of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, while not global, may reduce side effects. We present a class of small-molecular conjugates consisting of an AR antagonist linked to a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor. We demonstrate that the high accumulation of Hsp90 on the surface of CRPC cells allows uptake of conjugates and increases the enrichment of drugs in the tumor cells. After penetrating prostate cancer cells, the conjugates not only inhibit AR function by the antagonist component but also bind to Hsp90 and suppress the AR protein level. Compared to AR antagonists, these conjugates showed improved tumor-targeting ability and enhanced potency against Enzalutamide-resistant 22Rv1 cells.

The identification and validation of target genes of IGFBP3 protein in sheep skeletal muscle cells.

This study aimed to identify the target genes of IGFBP3（insulin growth factor binding protein）protein and to investigate its target genes effects on the proliferation and differentiation of Hu sheep skeletal muscle cells. IGFBP3 was an RNA-binding protein that regulates mRNA stability. Previous studies have reported that IGFBP3 promotes the proliferation of Hu sheep skeletal muscle cells and inhibits differentiation, but the downstream genes that bind to it have not been reported yet. We predicted the target genes of IGFBP3 through RNAct and sequencing data, and verified by qPCR and RIP（RNA Immunoprecipitation）experiments, and demonstrated GNAI2（G protein subunit alpha i2）as one of the target gene of IGFBP3. After interference with siRNA, we carried out qPCR, CCK8, EdU, and immunofluorescence experiments, and found that GNAI2 can promote the proliferation and inhibit differentiation of Hu sheep skeletal muscle cells. This study revealed the effects of GNAI2 and provided one of the regulatory mechanisms of IGFBP3 protein underlying sheep muscle development.

Oral vs. parenteral antibiotic therapy in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: Antibiotic therapy is widely used for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and yet whether the efficacy of antibiotics differs based on the treatment mode remains unclear. This study aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of oral vs. parenteral administration of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of patients with CAP. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until 11 December 2021. The effectiveness of oral vs. parenteral administration of antibiotic therapy was estimated using a random-effects model. Additional sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 912 identified articles, 12 RCTs involving 2158 patients with CAP were included in our pooled analysis. This mostly included trials with low certainty and some concerns regarding risk of bias, including lack of allocation concealment and blinding of participants and personnel. Overall, oral antibiotic therapy did not affect the incidence of clinical success at the end of treatment (relative risk [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.05; P = 0.417), clinical success at follow-up (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.06; P = 0.301), or adverse events (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.56-1.35; P = 0.527). Moreover, oral antibiotic therapy had a beneficial effect on the risk of all-cause mortality (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96; P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of antibiotics is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality compared with parenteral therapy based on RCTs with low to moderate quality. This finding should be verified in further large-scale RCTs.

Effects of YAP1 on proliferation and differentiation of Hu sheep skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro.

This study aimed to understand the expression level of YAP1 in the skeletal muscle of Hu sheep and to reveal the regulatory mechanism of YAP1 on Hu sheep skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Previous research by our group has found that YAP1 may affect the growth and development of Hu sheep skeletal muscle. In the present study, we found the expression of YAP1 in the skeletal muscle is higher than in other tissues of Hu sheep. Then, we detected the effect of YAP1 on proliferation and differentiation in Hu sheep SMSCs. According to the results of qPCR, CCK-8, EDU, and Western blot, compared to the group of negative control, overexpression of YAP1 promoted the proliferation and inhibited the differentiation of SMSCs according to the results of qPCR, CCK-8, EDU, Western blot, while the interference of YAP1 was on the contrary. Overall, our study suggests that YAP1 is an important functional molecule in the growth and development of skeletal muscle by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of SMSCs. These findings are of great use for understanding the roles of YAP1 in the skeletal muscle of Hu sheep.

Meta-analysis of safety of human purified Vero cell rabies vaccine after exposure / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the safety of human purified Vero cell rabies vaccine(PVRV)after exposure in China by Meta-analysis.Methods With rabies,vaccine and safety as key words,a systematic search was performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),supplemented by manual retrieval.A Meta-analysis was performed to analyze the incidence of adverse events of two immunization regimens Zagreb and Essen using Review Manager 5.4 software after literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results A total of 12 studies were included,of which 7 were prospective studies and 5 were retrospective studies.Most included in the studies showed a low risk of bias.The incidence of adverse events in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen[relative risk(RR)= 1.01,95% CI = 0.90 ～ 1.14;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 81%,65% and 92%,respectively,P<0.01).Conclusion Two regimens of PVRV vaccination after exposure showed good safety.However,when adopting Zagreb regimen,attention should be paid to the physical conditions of children and the elderly with relatively poor immunity to avoid adverse events.