Excellent Antibacterial Properties of Silver/Silica-Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Transparent Film.

Transparent films with excellent antibacterial properties and strong mechanical properties are highly sought after in packaging applications. In this study, Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles were introduced into a mixed solution of chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a Ag/SiO2-CS-PVA transparent film was developed. The excellent properties of the film were confirmed by light transmittance, water contact angle tests and tensile tests. In addition, for the antibacterial test, the antibacterial properties of the sample against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) were explored, and the average size of the bacteriostatic circle was measured by the cross method. The final results show that Ag/SiO2-CS-PVA transparent film has the advantages of good antibacterial properties, high transparency and high mechanical strength.

Wood Sponge for Oil-Water Separation.

In addition to filtering some sediments, hydrophobic wood sponges can also absorb many organic solvents, particularly crude oil. The leakage of crude oil poses a serious threat to the marine ecosystem, and oil mixed with water also generates great danger for its use. From the perspective of low cost and high performance, wood sponges exhibit great potential for dealing with crude oil pollution. Wood sponge is a renewable material. With a highly oriented layered structure and a highly compressible three-dimensional porous frame, wood sponges are extremely hydrophobic, making them ideal for oil-water separation. Currently, the most common approach for creating wood sponge is to first destroy the wood cell wall to obtain a porous-oriented layered structure and then enhance the oil-water separation ability via superhydrophobic treatment. Wood sponge prepared using various experimental methods and different natural woods exhibits distinctive properties in regards to robustness, compressibility, fatigue resistance, and oil absorption ability. As an aerogel material, wood sponge offers multi-action (absorption, filtration) and reusable oil-water separation functions. This paper introduces the advantages of the use of wood sponge for oil-water separation. The physical and chemical properties of wood sponge and its mechanism of adsorbing crude oil are explained. The synthesis method and the properties are discussed. Finally, the use of wood sponge is summarized and prospected.

Fabrication of PVA-Silica Sol Wood Composites via Delignification and Freezing Pretreatment.

The efficient exploitation of planted fast-growing wood is crucial for enhancing wood resource utilization. In this study, the fast-growing poplar wood was modified by in situ impregnation through vacuum impregnation with polyvinyl alcohol and nano-silica sol as impregnation modifiers, combined with delignification-freezing pretreatment. The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and the universal mechanical testing machine. The results showed that the wrinkle deformation and cracking of the wood blocks were greatly alleviated after the delignification-freezing pretreatment and the polyvinyl alcohol and nano-silica sol were successfully integrated into the wood. The resulting polyvinyl alcohol-silica sol poplar composites exhibited about 216%, 80% and 43% higher compressive strength with respect to delignified wood, natural wood and impregnated natural wood, respectively, thereby demonstrating superior mechanical properties and potential opportunities for value-added and efficient utilization of low-quality wood.

A Wooden Carbon-Based Photocatalyst for Water Treatment.

Due to a large number of harmful chemicals flowing into the water source in production and life, the water quality deteriorates, and the use value of water is reduced or lost. Biochar has a strong physical adsorption effect, but it can only separate pollutants from water and cannot eliminate pollutants fundamentally. Photocatalytic degradation technology using photocatalysts uses chemical methods to degrade or mineralize organic pollutants, but it is difficult to recover and reuse. Woody biomass has the advantages of huge reserves, convenient access and a low price. Processing woody biomass into biochar and then combining it with photocatalysts has played a complementary role. In this paper, the shortcomings of a photocatalyst and biochar in water treatment are introduced, respectively, and the advantages of a woody biochar-based photocatalyst made by combining them are summarized. The preparation and assembly methods of the woody biochar-based photocatalyst starting from the preparation of biochar are listed, and the water treatment efficiency of the woody biochar-based photocatalyst using different photocatalysts is listed. Finally, the future development of the woody biochar-based photocatalyst is summarized and prospected.

Association between physical activity and adolescent mental health in the post COVID-19: The chain mediating effect of self-esteem and social anxiety.

BACKGROUND: In order to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between physical activity and adolescent mental health in the post COVID-19 pandemic era, self-esteem and social anxiety were used as mediating variables to explore the potential mechanisms by which physical activity affects adolescent mental health. METHODS: The study used the HELP-II Health Promoting Lifestyle Scale, the SPIN Social Phobia Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale to administer questionnaires to 400 Chinese secondary school students, and SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 3.3 were used to process the data. RESULTS: The findings showed that (1) physical activity was significantly and positively associated with mental health; (2) self-esteem and social anxiety played a fully mediating role between physical activity and adolescent mental health respectively; (3) self-esteem and social anxiety played a chain mediating role between physical activity and adolescent mental health. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the relationship and influencing mechanism between physical activity and adolescent mental health in the post COVID-19 pandemic era. Appropriate interventions for physical activity, self-esteem, and social anxiety may be beneficial to adolescent mental health. The protective role of self-esteem in adolescent mental health should be the focus of future studies, and further investigations into the association between the COVID-19 and adolescent mental health are warranted.

Isoliquiritigenin attenuates neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage through inhibition of NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Neuroinflammation contributes to neurological dysfunction in the patients who suffer from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive component extracted from Genus Glycyrrhiza. This work is to investigate whether ISL ameliorates neuroinflammation after SAH. In this study, intravascular perforation of male Sprague-Dawley rats was used to establish a SAH model. ISL was administered by intraperitoneal injection 6 h after SAH in rats. The mortality, SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were examined at 24 h after the treatment. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, Iba-1, and MPO were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Besides, the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18 were analyzed by western blot. The experimental data suggested that ISL treatment could ameliorate neurological impairment, attenuate brain edema, and ameliorate BBB injury after SAH in rats. ISL treatment repressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and meanwhile inhibited the expression of Iba-1 and MPO. ISL also repressed NF-κB p65 expression as well as the transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, ISL significantly suppressed the expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and IL-18. These findings suggest that ISL inactivates NLRP3 pathway by inhibiting NF-κB p65 translocation, thereby repressing the neuroinflammation after SAH, and it is a potential drug for the treatment of SAH.

The effect of selective attention on electroencephalography responses to high-level hierarchical linguistic structures / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To explore the neural mechanisms underlying the speech perception in individuals with normal hearing under the influence of selective attention.METHODS There were 32 individuals with normal hearing who were recruited.By manipulating the participants'selective attention,two simultaneous speech streams were differentiated into target and interfering speech.Participants were guided to complete an auditory perception electroencephalogram(EEG)experiment.Fourier spectrum analysis was used to calculate the spectrum responses induced by the two types of speech,and the differences in EEG energy values at the levels of character,word,and phrase were compared.RESULTS This study observed significant differences in the EEG responses between target and ignored speech at the word level(2 Hz),while no significant differences were observed at the character level(4 Hz)and phrase level(1 Hz).CONCLUSION In environments with multiple speech streams,selective attention primarily processes and encodes the interested speech at the word level rapidly and effectively.This study preliminarily reveals how the brain represents auditory language and constructs different language hierarchy units under the modulation of selective attention,providing a theoretical model for hearing aid algorithms in hearing-impaired patients.

Correlation Analysis and Comparison of Adult CE-Chirp ABR Response Threshold and Pure Tone Hearing Threshold / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the application of CE-Chirp in the evaluation of hearing impairment in forensic medicine by testing the auditory brainstem response(ABR)in adults using CE-Chirp to ana-lyze the relationship between the V-wave response threshold of CE-Chirp ABR test and the pure tone hearing threshold.Methods Subjects(aged 20-77 with a total of 100 ears)who underwent CE-Chirp ABR test in Changzhou De'an Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected to obtain the V-wave response threshold,and pure tone air conduction hearing threshold tests were conducted at 0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 kHz,respectively,to obtain pure tone listening threshold.The differences and statistical differences between the average pure tone hearing threshold and V-wave response threshold were compared in different hearing levels and different age groups.The correlation,differences and statistical differences between the two tests at each frequency were analyzed for all subjects.The lin-ear regression equation for estimating pure tone hearing threshold for all subjects CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold was established,and the feasibility of the equation was tested.Results There was no statistical significance in the CE-Chirp ABR response threshold and pure tone hearing threshold dif-ference between different hearing level groups and different age groups(P>0.05).There was a good correlation between adult CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold and pure tone hearing threshold with statistical significance(P<0.05),and linear regression analysis showed a significant linear correla-tion between the two(P<0.05).Conclusion The use of CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold can be used to evaluate subjects'pure tone hearing threshold under certain conditions,and can be used as an audiological test method for forensic hearing impairment assessment.

Analysis of cases of reinfection of past SARS-CoV-2 patients in Pudong New Area of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo identify the rate， population characteristics， and vaccination history of repeat infections among previously infected people in the current epidemic based on the rate of repeat infection and population characteristics of different mutant strains at different times in Pudong New Area of Shanghai， and to provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of novel coronavirus repeat infections. MethodsA total of 9 250 investigated subjects were randomly selected from the new cases of asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases reported by Pudong New Area from March to May 2022. The investigation mainly focused on demographic characteristics， nucleic acid or antigen test results， and symptoms after infection. The repeat infection rates among different populations were compared， and logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of gender， age， and vaccination status on repeat infections. ResultsThe survey sample of 9 250 people had a response rate of 81.85%. There were 4 043 males （53.40%） and 3 528 females （46.60%）， with a median age of 34 years old （P25， P75： 7， 61）. The overall vaccine uptake rate was 59.44% （4 500/7 571）. In December of 2022， there were 563 cases of repeat infection， with an infection rate of 7.44%. The lowest rate of repeat infection was seen in the 3‒ year-old group （2.86%） and the highest rate in the 30‒ year-old group （12.42%）， with significant differences between different age groups. The repeated infection rate for those who had completed their vaccinations was significantly lower （6.57%） compared to those who had not （7.11%）. The age groups of 3‒ years， 70‒79 years， as well as individuals who completed full vaccination and received booster shots were protective factors against repeat infections. ConclusionThe overall rate of reinfection among the infected in Shanghai during the spring of 2022 was low in the outbreak of the Omicron variant， and the rate of reinfection in the 3‒ year-old group was significantly lower than in other age groups. Completing the full course of vaccination significantly reduces the risk of reinfection. Although the reinfection rate is high in individuals who received booster shots， it remains a mitigating factor compared to those who do not receive the vaccine. It is recommended to continue monitoring reinfections in key populations and further strengthen immunization efforts.

Ultrasound vector flow imaging combined with singular value decomposition filtering for depicting deep microvasculature flow velocity of liver / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To observe the value of ultrasound vector flow imaging(VFI)combined with singular value decomposition(SVD)filtering for depicting deep microvasculature flow velocity of liver.Methods Grayscale ultrasound,CDFI and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)were prospectively performed in a patient with suspected liver hemangioma.Images of CEUS were dealt with SVD filtering.Cross-correlation algorithm was used to obtain images of VFI based on grayscale ultrasound,original CEUS and SVD filtered CEUS,respectively,and the ability of the above images for depicting liver microvascular flow direction and velocity were compared.Results The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of liver grayscale ultrasound,original CEUS and SVD filtered CEUS images was 7.56,17.65 and 22.43 dB,respectively,while their contrast-to-issue ratio(CTR)was 1.12,7.56 and 16.34 dB,respectively.Compared with VFI based on grayscale ultrasound and original CEUS,VFI based on SVD filtered CEUS could display faster velocity and more uniform direction of blood flow.Before and after SVD filtering,liver microvascular flow velocity measured with VFI was 1.91(0.81,4.11)and 6.83(4.25,9.41)mm/s,respectively,which were significantly different(Z=-10.671,P＜0.001).Conclusion Combined with SVD filtering could significantly improve the efficiency of VFI for depicting liver deep microvasculature flow velocity.

Life in biophotovoltaics systems.

As the most suitable potential clean energy power generation technology, biophotovoltaics (BPV) not only inherits the advantages of traditional photovoltaics, such as safety, reliability and no noise, but also solves the disadvantages of high pollution and high energy consumption in the manufacturing process, providing new functions of self-repair and natural degradation. The basic idea of BPV is to collect light energy and generate electric energy by using photosynthetic autotrophs or their parts, and the core is how these biological materials can quickly and low-loss transfer electrons to the anode through mediators after absorbing light energy and generating electrons. In this mini-review, we summarized the biological materials widely used in BPV at present, mainly cyanobacteria, green algae, biological combinations (using multiple microorganisms in the same BPV system) and isolated products (purified thylakoids, chloroplasts, photosystem I, photosystem II), introduced how researchers overcome the shortcomings of low photocurrent output of BPV, pointed out the limitations that affected the development of BPV' biological materials, and put forward reasonable assumptions accordingly.

Advances in Sol-Gel-Based Superhydrophobic Coatings for Wood: A Review.

As the focus of architecture, furniture, and other fields, wood has attracted extensive attention for its many advantages, such as environmental friendliness and excellent mechanical properties. Inspired by the wetting model of natural lotus leaves, researchers prepared superhydrophobic coatings with strong mechanical properties and good durability on the modified wood surface. The prepared superhydrophobic coating has achieved functions such as oil-water separation and self-cleaning. At present, some methods such as the sol-gel method, the etching method, graft copolymerization, and the layer-by-layer self-assembly method can be used to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces, which are widely used in biology, the textile industry, national defense, the military industry, and many other fields. However, most methods for preparing superhydrophobic coatings on wood surfaces are limited by reaction conditions and process control, with low coating preparation efficiency and insufficiently fine nanostructures. The sol-gel process is suitable for large-scale industrial production due to its simple preparation method, easy process control, and low cost. In this paper, the research progress on wood superhydrophobic coatings is summarized. Taking the sol-gel method with silicide as an example, the preparation methods of superhydrophobic coatings on wood surfaces under different acid-base catalysis processes are discussed in detail. The latest progress in the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings by the sol-gel method at home and abroad is reviewed, and the future development of superhydrophobic surfaces is prospected.

Anthocyanins in metabolites of purple corn.

Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is a special variety of corn, rich in a large amount of anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals, and has always ranked high in the economic benefits of the corn industry. However, most studies on the stability of agronomic traits and the interaction between genotype and environment in cereal crops focus on yield. In order to further study the accumulation and stability of special anthocyanins in the growth process of purple corn, this review starts with the elucidation of anthocyanins in purple corn, the biosynthesis process and the gene regulation mechanism behind them, points out the influence of anthocyanin metabolism on anthocyanin metabolism, and introduces the influence of environmental factors on anthocyanin accumulation in detail, so as to promote the multi-field production of purple corn, encourage the development of color corn industry and provide new opportunities for corn breeders and growers.

Construction of a dual fluorescent reporter system for tracing horizontal transfer of mcr-1-carrying plasmid / 中华预防医学杂志

The green fluorescent reporter gene was inserted into the gene interval of polymyxin resistant mcr-1-carrying plasmid (pSH13G841) by homologous recombination of suicide plasmid. At the same time, E. coli J53 with red fluorescent reporter gene was constructed. Using the ability of spontaneous conjugation of drug resistant plasmid (pSH13G841), pSH13G841-GFP plasmid was transferred into J53 RFP bacteria to construct a double fluorescent labeled donor bacterium. The two light-emitting systems could stably and spontaneously express fluorescence without mutual interference. The dual fluorescence report system constructed can be used for visual tracing horizontal transfer of mcr-1-carrying plasmid, the subsequent model can study the colonization, transfer and prognosis of drug-resistant bacteria/drug-resistant genes mcr-1 by using mouse in vivo imaging technology.

Influence of exercise rehabilitation based on medical treatment combination model on patients with chronic heart failure / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To study influence of exercise rehabilitation based on medical treatment combination model on patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:A total of 110 CHF patients treated in our hospital were ran-domly and equally divided into routine nursing group and exercise rehabilitation group(received exercise rehabilita-tion on the basis of medical treatment combination model based on routine nursing group).Both groups were inter-vened for 12 week.s Peak oxygen uptake(Peak VO2),Peak work rate(Peak WR),anaerobic threshold(AT),ratio of peak VO2 to heart rate(Peak VO2/HR),score of Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire(MLHFQ)and 6min walking distance(6MWD)before and after intervention and incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were compared between two groups.Results:There were three cases lost during intervention in each group.Compared with routine nursing group,after intervention,there were significant rise in Peak VO2[(13.92±0.88)ml·min-1·kg-1 vs.(16.00±0.84)ml·min-1·kg-1],Peak VO2/HR[(8.92±0.81)ml/beat vs.(9.83±0.79)ml/beat],AT[(684.10±74.11)ml/min vs.(827.38±98.56)ml/min]and 6MWD[(470.12±42.76)m vs.(502.21±26.54)m],and sig-nificant reductions in Peak WR[(79.85±6.10)W vs.(72.65±5.48)W]and MLHFQ score[(49.17±3.96)scores vs.(36.38±3.57)scores]in exercise rehabilitation group(P=0.001 all).Incidence rate of MACE in exercise rehabili-tation group was significantly lower than that of routine nursing group(0.36%vs.15.38%,P=0.046).Conclusion:Ex-ercise rehabilitation based on medical treatment combination model can significantly improve cardiopulmonary function and exercise endurance,reduce incidence rate of adverse cardiovascular events and improve short-term quality of life in pa-tients with chronic heart failure.

Three-Dimensional Honeycomb-Like Carbon as Sulfur Host for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries without the Shuttle Effect.

Sodium-sulfur batteries operating at ambient temperature are being extensively studied because of the high theoretical capacity and abundant resources, yet the long-chain polysulfides' shuttle effect causes poor cycling performance of Na-S batteries. We report an annealing/etching method to converse low-cost wheat bran to a 3D honeycomb-like carbon with abundant micropores (WBMC), which is smaller than S8 molecular size (∼0.7 nm). Thus, the microporous structure could only fill small molecular sulfur (S2-4). The micropores made sulfur a one-step reaction without the shuttle effect due to the formed short-chain polysulfides being insoluble. The WBMC@S exhibits an excellent initial capacity (1413 mAh g-1) at 0.2 C, outstanding cycling performance (822 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C), and high rate performance (483 mAh g-1 at 3.0 C). The electrochemical performance proves that the steric confinement of micropores effectively terminates the shuttle effect.

Biology and nature: Bionic superhydrophobic surface and principle.

Nature is the source of human design inspiration. In order to adapt to the environment better, creatures in nature have formed various morphological structures during billions of years of evolution, among which the superhydrophobic characteristics of some animal and plant surface structures have attracted wide attention. At present, the preparation methods of bionic superhydrophobic surface based on the microstructure of animal and plant body surface include vapor deposition, etching modification, sol-gel method, template method, electrostatic spinning method and electrostatic spraying method, etc., which have been used in medical care, military industry, shipping, textile and other fields. Based on nature, this paper expounds the development history of superhydrophobic principle, summarizes the structure and wettability of superhydrophobic surfaces in nature, and introduces the characteristics differences and applications of different superhydrophobic surfaces in detail. Finally, the challenge of bionic superhydrophobic surface is discussed, and the future development direction of this field is prospected.

Comparison and Optimization: Research on the Structure of the PET Bottle Bottom Based on the Finite Element Method.

The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottle is one of the most common beverage packages in the world, but the bottom of the PET bottle tends to crack due to excessive stress. In this paper, through numerical simulation and finite element analysis, the mechanical properties of four typical geometric models of bottle bottom are studied, and it is determined that "claw flap bottle bottom (CF-bottom)" has the best structure. Then, the shapes of four bottle bottom structures are fine-tuned by using the automatic optimization method. Under the premise of the same material quality, the surface maximum principal stress, the overall maximum principal stress, and the total elastic strain energy of the bottle bottom are reduced by 46.39-71.81%, 38.16-71.50%, and 38.56-61.38%, respectively, while the deformation displacement is also reduced by 0.63 mm-3.43 mm. In contrast to other papers, this paper dispenses with the manual adjustment of various variables, instead adopting automatic shape optimization to obtain a more accurate model. The percentage of maximum principal stress reduction is remarkable, which provides a feasible theoretical guidance for the structural optimization of PET bottle bottom in the production process.

Biomimetic superhydrophobic metal/nonmetal surface manufactured by etching methods: A mini review.

As an emerging fringe science, bionics integrates the understanding of nature, imitation of nature, and surpassing nature in one aspect, and it organically combines the synergistic complementarity of function and structure-function integrated materials which is of great scientific interest. By imitating the microstructure of a natural biological surface, the bionic superhydrophobic surface prepared by human beings has the properties of self-cleaning, anti-icing, water collection, anti-corrosion and oil-water separation, and the preparation research methods are increasing. The preparation methods of superhydrophobic surface include vapor deposition, etching modification, sol-gel, template, electrostatic spinning, and electrostatic spraying, which can be applied to fields such as medical care, military industry, ship industry, and textile. The etching modification method can directly modify the substrate, so there is no need to worry about the adhesion between the coating and the substrate. The most obvious advantage of this method is that the obtained superhydrophobic surface is integrated with the substrate and has good stability and corrosion resistance. In this article, the different preparation methods of bionic superhydrophobic materials were summarized, especially the etching modification methods, we discussed the detailed classification, advantages, and disadvantages of these methods, and the future development direction of the field was prospected.

Advances in Polyethylene Terephthalate Beverage Bottle Optimization: A Mini Review.

Compared with other materials, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has high transparency, excellent physical and mechanical properties in a wide temperature range and good hygiene and safety, so it is widely used in the packaging industry, especially in the packaging of beverages and foods. The optimization of PET bottles is mainly reflected in three aspects: material optimization, structure optimization and process optimization, among which there is much research on material optimization and process optimization, but there is no complete overview on structure optimization. A summary of structural optimization is necessary. Aiming at structural optimization, the finite element method is a useful supplement to the beverage packaging industry. By combining the computer-aided design technology and using finite element software for finite element simulation, researchers can replace the experimental test in the pre-research design stage, predict the effect and save cost. This review summarizes the development of PET bottles for beverage packaging, summarizes various optimization methods for preventing stress cracking in beverage packaging, and especially focuses on comparing and evaluating the effects of several optimization methods for packaging structure. Finally, the future development of all kinds of optimization based on structural optimization in the field of beverage packaging is comprehensively discussed, including personalized design, the combination of various methods and the introduction of actual impact factor calculation.