[Litter storage and water-holding capacity of typical forests in mountainous area of Southwest China]. / è¥¿å—å±±åŒºå ¸åž‹æ£®æž—æž¯è½ç‰©å‚¨é‡åŠæŒæ°´èƒ½åŠ›.

Current studies on water conservation capacity of litter in the mountainous area of Southwest China (MASC) mainly focus on local scale. Such results are difficult to evaluate the storage and water-holding capacity of litter in the whole MASC. In this study, the results of site-scale research in the MASC from 2004 to 2021 were collated (a total of 16 research sites and 70 data), as well as the storage and water-holding characteristics of litters of three typical forests in the MASC were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the water-holding processes of litter in coniferous forest, broadleaved forest and mixed forest were similar, which could be divided into three stages: rapid water absorption, gradual slowing, and stable. The absorption rate and duration of different forests were different in each stage. The broadleaved forest had the fastest water absorption rate, while coniferous forest had the slowest with the longest duration to reach stability. There was no significant difference in litter storage among diffe-rent forest types. The total litter storage of coniferous forest, broadleaved forest and mixed forest ranged from 8.26 to 8.82 t·hm-2. The significant spatial variations of litter storage in semi-decomposed layer resulted in that of total litter storage. The total maximum water-holding capacity of litters of the three forests ranged from 17.85 t·hm-2 to 19.87 t·hm-2, and the maximum water-holding rate of litter ranged from 200.6% to 228.0%. There was a positive correlation between the maximum water-holding capacity and litter storage in different forests. The total effective retention capacity of three forest litters ranged from 11.66 to 12.29 t·hm-2, while the total effective retention rate of three forests ranged from 128.1% to 145.2%. There were no significant differences in litter storage and water holding capacity among three forest types with two decomposition degrees in MASC.

Dynamics and sources of colloids in shallow groundwater in lowland wells and fracture flow in sloping farmland.

Field-scale studies of natural colloid mobilization and transport in finely fractured aquifer as well as the source identification of groundwater colloids are of great importance to the safety of shallow groundwater. In this study, the daily monitoring of fracture flow from a sloping farmland plot and the biweekly monitoring of three lowland shallow wells within the same catchment were carried out simultaneously in 2013. The effects of physicochemical perturbations on groundwater colloid dynamics were explored in detail using partial redundancy analysis, structural equation modeling, Pearson correlation and multi-linear regression analyses. The characterization and source identification of groundwater colloids were addressed via multiple parameters. The daily colloid concentration in the fracture flow varied between 0.54 and 31.90 mg/L (1.64 mg/L on average). Unique periods of high colloid concentration (5.59 mg/L on average) occurred during the initially generated flow following the dry season. In comparison, a narrower colloid concentration range of 0.24-11.66 mg/L was observed in the lowland shallow wells, with a smaller temporal variation than that of the fracture flow. A low percentage (2.4-7.0%) of colloids and a high percentage (47.7-92.0%) of coarse particles (2-10 µm) were present in the lowland well water. Hydraulic perturbation by rainwater infiltration in the sloping farmland was the dominant mechanism for colloid mobilization in general; this effect retreated to secondary importance behind chemical perturbations (pH, Mg2+ and DOC) at low flow discharges (<1.3 L/min). In contrast, water chemistry (e.g., EC, cations and DOC concentrations) exhibited a major effect on colloid dynamics in the water of the lowland wells, except for the extremely high-salinity water of one well, in which water temperature showed a negative dominant influence on colloid stability. The combined use of multiple parameters (e.g., mineral composition and organic matter, calcium carbonate and δ13C contents) traced groundwater colloids to the shallow soil in the upper farmlands. It is strongly advised that in finely fractured aquifers within agricultural catchments, not only the small colloids but also the coarse particles in the size range of 2-10 µm should be monitored in case of colloid-associated contamination from agricultural wastes e.g., N, P, pesticides and/or heavy metals, especially at the early stages of the rainy seasons.

Reaction of Chlorogenic Acid with Sulfite and Its Application in Identification of Sulfur-fumigated Herbs / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the structure and reaction sites of the reaction products of chlorogenic acid and sodium sulfite,and the chemical changes of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos after sulfur fumigating. Method: Chlorogenic acid was reacted with sodium sulfite under mild conditions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-ion trap-time-of-flight (LC-MS-IT-TOF) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) detection techniques were used to detect the reaction products,and the sulfur-fumigated and unsulfurized Lonicerae Japonicae Flos water extract was detected by LC-MS-IT-TOF. Result: After analyzing the mass spectrometry data of fragment ion,molecular cleavage and accurate molecular weight,according to the results of nuclear magnetic signals of chemical shift,peak intensity and peak splitting, the products of chlorogenic acid and sodium sulfite were preliminarily identified as chlorogenic acid α,β-unsaturated carbonyl addition product:3-((3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfopropyl)oxy)-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid or 3-((3-(3,4-dihy droxyphenyl)-3-sulfopropyl)oxy)-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid,and the same characteristic fragments were detected as the addition product in the sulfur fumigated Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,but not found in the unsulfurized. Conclusion: It is the first time to demonstrate the structure and reaction sites of chlorogenic acid and sulfurous acid reaction products,and detect the chlorogenic acid sulfite addition product in sulfur-fumigated Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Although it is still unclear how the sulfite addition compound produced by sulphur Lonicerae Japonicae Flos affects the efficacy and toxicological activity of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,we shall still pay attention to the changes of active ingredients in sulphuric medicinal materials. Besides,this study can also provide reference for the studies of chemical composition changes after sulfuration of traditional Chinese medicine containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl structure.

Discovery of novel limonin derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents / 中国天然药物

Novel series of limonin derivatives (V-A-1-V-A-8, V-B-1-V-B-8) were synthesized by adding various tertiary amines onto the C (7)-position of limonin. The synthesized compounds possessed favorable physicochemical property, and the intrinsic solubility of the novel compounds were significantly improved, compared with limonin. Different pharmacological models were used to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the target compounds. Compound V-A-8 exhibited the strongest in vivo activity among the novel limonin analogs; its analgesic activity was more potent than aspirin and its anti-inflammatory activity was stronger than naproxen under our testing conditions.

Discovery of novel limonin derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents / 中国天然药物

Novel series of limonin derivatives (V-A-1-V-A-8, V-B-1-V-B-8) were synthesized by adding various tertiary amines onto the C (7)-position of limonin. The synthesized compounds possessed favorable physicochemical property, and the intrinsic solubility of the novel compounds were significantly improved, compared with limonin. Different pharmacological models were used to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the target compounds. Compound V-A-8 exhibited the strongest in vivo activity among the novel limonin analogs; its analgesic activity was more potent than aspirin and its anti-inflammatory activity was stronger than naproxen under our testing conditions.

[Effect of simulative warming on growth and antioxidative characteristics of Kobresia pygmaea and K. tibetica in the permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China]. / 模拟增温对青藏高原多年冻土区小嵩草和藏嵩草生长与抗氧化特征的影响.

In the present study, open top chambers (OTCs) were employed to simulate temperature increase at Fenghuoshan site, located on the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. To explore the potential response mechanism of alpine plants under warmer temperature, the leaf morphological and antioxidative characteristics of two dominant species of alpine meadow (Kobresia pygmaea) and alpine swamp meadow (K. tibetica) were analyzed. The results showed that length and numbers of leaves in K. pygmaea increased by 40.0% and 72.7% by warming, respectively. Plant height and leaf length in K. tibetica increased by 11.9% and 19.3% by warming, respectively. Warming improved plant growth and aboveground biomass accumulation in both species. However, warming did not affect leaf membrane permeability (electrolyte leakage), active oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion), activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, and malondialdehyde content in both species. Ascorbic acid and free proline contents in K. tibetica increased by 29.8% and 53.8%, respectively, but no change was found in K. pygmaea. In conclusion, K. pygmaea and K. tibetica could adapt under warmer temperature through keeping a steady antioxidative status.

Analysis on prevalence of overweight and obesity and their relation with diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia among adults in Pinghu City / 上海预防医学

Objective To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity , and their relationship between overweight , obesity and chronic diseases among adults in Pinghu City . Methods A total of 3 106 local registered permanent residents aged above 18 years were selected by multi-stage random sam-pling and questionnaire surveys were conducted .The blood glucose , blood lipid , blood pressure , height and weight of the participants were tested . Results The prevalence rate of overweight was 31 .6%( the standardized rate was 29 .5%) and the prevalence rate of obesity was 8 .1% ( the standardized rate is 7 .8%) in residents aged above 18 years in Pinghu City .The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was highest among population aged from 50 to 59 years.The prevalence rates of overweight of the population in different ages and with different education backgrounds had significant differences ( P <0.05 ).The prevalence rates of diabetes , hypertension and dyslipidemia among overweight and obese population were higher than those with normal weight ( P <0 .01 ) .BMI was the risk factor of hypertension , diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia , and the OR value was 1 .508 , 2 .127 and 1 .571 , respectively . Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Pinghu City is serious and has close relation with chronic diseases .Prevention and intervention measures are necessary for the overweight and obesity population .

[A review on carbon and water interactions of forest ecosystem and its impact factors].

Interaction between carbon and water in forest ecosystem is a coupling process in terrestrial ecosystem, which is an indispensable aspect for the study of forest carbon pool, ecohydrological processes and the responses to global change. In the context of global change, the interaction and coupling of carbon and water in forest ecosystem has attracted much attention among scientists. In this paper, we reviewed the process mechanism of forest carbon and water relationships based on previous studies, which consisted of advance in forest water use efficiency, carbon and water interactions at different scales, scaling, and model simulation. We summed up the factors affecting for- est water and carbon interaction, including water condition, carbon dioxide enrichment, warming, nitrogen deposition, ozone concentration variation, solar radiation, and altitudinal gradients. Finally, we discussed the problems in the previous studies, and prospected the possible future research fields, among which we thought the inherent dynamics mechanism and scaling of forest carbon and water interactions should be enhanced.

Mosquito resistance against different insecticides in Songjiang District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

[ Objective] To investigate the resistance of mosquito against insecticides in Songjiang, providing scientific basis for appropriate application of insecticides. [ Methods ] The dipping method and drug velum contacting method were used for determination of the resistance of culex pipiens pallens and anopheles hurcanus sinensis against insecticides. [ Results] Culex pipiens pallens were found to have high resistance to DDVP, resistance coefficient 30.07, and low resistance to cypermethrin, fenobucarb and deltamethrin, resistance coefficient 3.96, 3.25 and 2.79, while their sensitivity to beta-cypermethrin, resistance coefficient 0.28.Anopheles sinensis had R level resistance to DDT and deltamethrin, mortality rates 73.36%and 57.50%respectively. [ Conclusion] Mosquitos in Songjiang District have developed different degrees of resistance to insecticides.In order to control and delay their resistance, insecticides should be alternated and combined in application.

Bryophyte species richness and composition along an altitudinal gradient in Gongga Mountain, China.

An investigation of terrestrial bryophyte species diversity and community structure along an altitudinal gradient from 2,001 to 4,221 m a.s.l. in Gongga Mountain in Sichuan, China was carried out in June 2010. Factors which might affect bryophyte species composition and diversity, including climate, elevation, slope, depth of litter, vegetation type, soil pH and soil Eh, were examined to understand the altitudinal feature of bryophyte distribution. A total of 14 representative elevations were chosen along an altitudinal gradient, with study sites at each elevation chosen according to habitat type (forests, grasslands) and accessibility. At each elevation, three 100 m × 2 m transects that are 50 m apart were set along the contour line, and three 50 cm × 50 cm quadrats were set along each transect at an interval of 30 m. Species diversity, cover, biomass, and thickness of terrestrial bryophytes were examined. A total of 165 species, including 42 liverworts and 123 mosses, are recorded in Gongga mountain. Ground bryophyte species richness does not show any clear elevation trend. The terrestrial bryophyte cover increases with elevation. The terrestrial bryophyte biomass and thickness display a clear humped relationship with the elevation, with the maximum around 3,758 m. At this altitude, biomass is 700.3 g m(-2) and the maximum thickness is 8 cm. Bryophyte distribution is primarily associated with the depth of litter, the air temperature and the precipitation. Further studies are necessary to include other epiphytes types and vascular vegetation in a larger altitudinal range.

A comparative study of laparoscopic-assisted and open distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety, feasibility and the long-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for advanced gastric cancer (AGC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and follow-up data of 46 cases after LAG from June 2008 to December 2009 were analyzed, and compared with 85 cases after conventional open gastrectomy (OG) for advanced gastric cancer at the same period at our hospital. The surgical safety, postoperative recovery, complications, radical degree, survival rate were compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>As compared with OG group, operation time was longer in LATG group ((274 ± 78) min vs. ( 217 ± 41) min, t = 4.635, P = 0.000). Estimated blood loss in the LAG group ((254 ± 112) ml) was significantly less than in the OG group (t = 3.942, P = 0.000). Time to ambulation ((63 ± 16) hours), first flatus ((77 ± 20) hours), resumed liquid diet ((88 ± 15) hours), duration of analgesic medication ((53 ± 20) hours) and postoperative hospital stay ((11.1 ± 4.6) days) were significantly shorter in the LAG group (t = 5.549, 6.508, 9.436, 9.464 and 2.980 respectively, all P < 0.01). The distance of the proximal and distal resection margin were (5.7 ± 1.4) cm and (3.9 ± 1.5) cm in LAG group, (5.8 ± 1.1) cm and (4.7 ± 1.5) cm in OG group respectively, but the difference was not significant. The number of lymph node dissections was also similar, (30.5 ± 10.4) in LAG group and (32.6 ± 12.3) in OG group (t = 0.960, P = 0.339). The incidence of postoperative complications and mortality rate in LAG group (8.7% and 0 respectively) were also lower than in the OG group, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The mean follow-up was 31.0 months (range 6-48 months), and the cumulative survival of the 2 groups was similar (χ(2) = 1.594, P = 0.207).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer is not significantly different with open surgery in surgical safety, radical degree, and survival rate. It is less traumatic and of fewer complications.</p>

Clinical analysis of an interspinous stabilization system (wallis) in treating lumbar degenerative disease / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical results of an interspinous stabilization system (Wallis) in treating lumbar degenerative disease in the short-term.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2007 to June 2010,48 patients with lumbar degenerative disease who were treated with interspinous stabilization system, the data of patients were analyzed retrospectively. In all of the 48 cases, there were 30 males and 18 females with an average age of 54.2 years (ranged, 40 to 68 years). Forty-four cases were with single segment and 4 cases with two segments. Of them, 4 cases were in L3, 4, 40 cases were in L4, 5, 4 cases were in L3, 4 and L4, 5. The radiographic data of patients were analyzed. Clinical effects were evaluated by Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score system and low back pain disability questionnaire (Oswestry) and Odom method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 1 to 2 years with an average of 18 months. According to Odom's criteria, 20 cases obtained excellent results, 24 good, 4 fair. JOA score increased from 12.4 +/- 2.7 preoperatively to 26.1 +/- 2.0 postoperatively (P < 0.01). Oswestry score decreased from 14.1 +/- 2.9 preoperatively to 5.5 +/- 1.8 postoperatively (P < 0.01). The posterior height of intervertebral space and height of nerve root canal increased compared with that of preperative height.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment of lumbar degenerative disease with interspinous stabilization system can obtain satisfactory effects in the near future. It can retain dynamic stable of corresponding segments, expand volume of vertebral canal, and is safe and feasible.</p>

Clinical experience of 3T intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging integrated neurosurgical suite in Shanghai Huashan Hospital / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) dates back to the 1990s and has been successfully applied in neurosurgery but they were low-field iMRI (< 1.0T). This paper reports the clinical experience with a 3T iMRI-integrated neurosurgical suite in Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2010 through March 2012, 373 consecutive patients underwent neurological surgery under guidance with 3T iMRI. A retrospective analysis was conducted regarding clinical efficiency.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All surgery in the 373 patients was safe. The ratio of gross total resection for cerebral gliomas (n = 161) was increased from 55.90% to 87.58%. The ratio of benefit in extent of resection was 39.13%. One hundred and fifty eight of the 161 glioma patients accomplished follow-up at 3 months postoperatively. Twenty of 161 patients (12.42%) suffered from early motor deficit after surgery. Late motor deficit was however observed in five of 158 patients (3.16%). Twenty-one of 161 patients (13.04%) had early speech deficit and late speech deficit was only observed in six of 158 patients (3.80%). The ratio of gross total resection for pituitary adenomas (n = 49) was increased from 77.55% to 85.71%. The ratio of benefit in extent of resection was 10.2%. There were no iMRI-related adverse events even for patients who underwent awake craniotomy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 3T iMRI integrated neurosurgical suite provides high-quality intraoperative structural and functional imaging for real-time tumor resection control and accurate functional preservation, resulting in an improvement in maximal safe brain surgery.</p>

Effects of Pb and Ni stress on oxidative stress parameters in three moss species.

Antioxidative responses of the mosses Hypnum plumaeforme, Thuidium cymbifolium, and Brachythecium piligerum to short-term Pb and Ni stress were investigated. Both Pb and Ni treatment increased the formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in H. plumaeforme and T. cymbifolium. However, SOD activity in B. piligerum was increased under 10mM Pb stress and Ni increased CAT activity in B. piligerum under 1mM Ni stress. Peroxidase (POX) activity in the three mosses was increased by Pb and Ni exposure, indicating that POX plays an important role in preventing heavy metal-induced oxidative stress. The accumulation of O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) in mosses is related to the decline in SOD and CAT activities. B. piligerum is the most sensitive and T. cymbifolium is the most tolerant species to Pb and Ni stress among the three bryophytes.

Heavy metal-induced physiological alterations and oxidative stress in the moss Brachythecium piligerum chad.

Antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)), as well as lipid peroxidation and proline were studied in moss Brachythecium piligerum Card. collected from different sites in Shanghai, China, to validate the physiological parameters as biomarkers of atmospheric heavy metal pollution. Results demonstrated that the responses of POD and CAT activities, as well as MDA and proline contents were in accordance with the heavy metal contents in mosses. That is, POD activity, MDA, and proline content were activated and CAT activity was inhibited in heavier polluted sites, indicating that POD and CAT activities, and MDA and proline contents could be used as biomarkers for biomonitoring atmospheric heavy metal pollution.

Design, synthesis and Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 inhibitory activity of feruloylagmatine analogues / 药学学报

In order to search for novel inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1), nine feruloylagmatine analogues were designed and synthesized from ferulic acid and agmatine. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra, among which compounds 5f-5i were novel compounds. The results of preliminary pharmacological test showed that some of the compounds possessed strong NHE-1 inhibitory activity, among which compounds 5a, 5b and 6c were more potent than cariporide in NHE-1 inhibition.

Analysis of TGFBI gene mutation in a Chinese family with Avellino corneal dystrophies / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Researches demonstrated that corneal dystrophy is associated with the mutation of transforming growth factor beta induced gene(TGFBI)located at chromosome 5q31 domine.Recent study showed that the gene mutation location is in R124H of TGFBI gene. Objective This study was to identify the mutation characteristics of TGFBI gene in a Chinese family with Avellino corneal dystrophy. Methods This Chinese family with Avellino corneal dystrophy were determined and surveyed in Peking University Third Hospital.Periphery blood from 8 patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy and 2 unaffected subjects were collected from a Chinese family with corneal dystrophy for the extraction of DNA.Exons 4,11,12 of the TGFBI gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and the amplified products were sequenced directly and compared the gene sequence with that of TGFBI in GenBank.Written informed consent was obtained from each Subject prior to any medieal process. Results This family included 27 members of consecutive 4 generation.The hereditary pattern W88 in accordance with the autosomal dominant inheritance.Directly sequencing of 8 affected members revealed a G tO A transition at codon 124 (CGC to CAC),producing R124H mutation of TGFBI gene.Two synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of TGFBI gene occurred in the family.including a C to T transition at eodon 472(CTC to CTT)in 8 members,and a T to C transition at codon 540(TTT>TTC)in 9 members,which wag unrelated with disease. Conclusion R124H mutation of the TGFBI gene is found in this Chinese family with Avellino corneal dystrophy.

Structure characteristics and biocompatibility of decellulal matrix of porcine / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The select of supporter is critical for the construction of tissue engineering cornea.Many carrier carl be utilized in the construction of tissue engineering cornea,but de-cellular corneal matrix is known to be one of optimal supporters.Objective Present study was to investigate the characteristics of de-cellular corneal matrix of porcine of structure and biocompatibility for rabbit cornea stroma and limbal epithelial ceHs. Methods The porcine cornea was prepared as de-cellular corneal matrix of porcine by the application of detergent enzyme combined process.The corneal epithelial cells,keratocyte and endothelial cells of porcine were removed completely and stored in -20℃ refrigerator after sterilization.The morphology of de-cellular corneal matrix of porcine was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining under the light microscope.The structure characteristics of de.cellular corneal matrix of porcine under the scan electron microscope,and its physics features were investigated by the evaluation of water content,strength,expansion and transparency.The de-cellular corneal matrix of porcine were implanted to cornea stroma of rabbit and co-cultured with rabbit corneal epithelial cells for 4 weeks in vitro to assess the keracyte compatibility. Results The epithelial cells,keratocyte and endothelial cells of porcine were removed completely by trypsogen digestion.The collagen fibril network and collagen plates paralleled to corneal surface under the light microscope.The water content,strength,expansion。Ratio of light transparency of de-cellular corneal matrix of porcine were similar to normal porcine cornea.After implantation of de.cellular comeal matrix of porcine into rabbits corneal stroma,the edema of tissue was found in one week,and edema disappeared on two weeks and became clear on four weeks after surgery.The de-cellular eorneal matrix attached to rabbit cornea stroma well.No inflammatory eell and new vessel were found after surgery.The co-cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells differentiated and proliferated on the surfaee of de-cellular corneal matrix and showed positive response for CK3.No statistically significant differences were found in the water content,strength,expansion of de-cellular cornea matrix of porcine among the normal,before dehydration,2 and 4 hours after dehydration cornea matrix(P＞0.05).However,the transparency was much better in the corneal matrix with 2-hour,4-hour dehydration in comparison with non-dehydration one(P＜0.05). Conclusion The structure features of de-cellular cornea matrix of porcine are similar to normal porcine cornea.Good biocompatibility is proved for xenogenesis of rabbit cornea.

[Spatial variability characteristics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen reveal typical alpine meadow degradation on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau].

The principle of geo-statistics method was used to analyse the spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (0-10 cm) of alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the mean contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen at depth 0-10 cm are 11.45 g x kg(-1) and 1.02 g x kg(-1), 0.23 and 0.21 of co-variation coefficient, respectively. As mentioned above all factors reflect oligotrophic condition of soil fertility at this habitat. Organic carbon and entire nitrogen of soil random factor dissociation take up mutant proportion of general space heterogeneity being 44.7% and 49.9% respectively. Mutant dimension is 210.9 m and 200.1 m respectively. The soil organic carbon and the entire nitrogen show on the research territory vacates to oneself the factor to be bigger than machine the factor the different pattern. On space structure dissociation, from inherent attribute of soil, if space such as soil mineral substance, land form is certainly relevance, the factor and the artificial factor play role if the random factors that be trampled on to soil super crust arouses such as grazing and engineering construction is common, Medium memorial level affecting degree.

Effect of surgical treatment for thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis by anterior radical debridement with bone graft fusion and posterior pedicle screw-rods system fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical effects of one stage surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis by anterior radical debridement with bone graft fusion and posterior pedicle screw-rods system fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2002 to March 2007, 21 patients who were 45.3 years old on average with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis, including 13 males and 8 females were underwent surgical treatment of posterior pedicle screw-rods system fixation, correction of deformities, anterior radical debridement, bone graft fusion. Among them, 3 patients had 2 involved vertebras, 17 patients had 3 involved vertebras, and 1 patient had 4 involved vertebras. The patients were all complicated with kyphosis deformity with an average Cobb angle of (28.0+/-9.7) degrees. According to the Frankel neurological function grade system, 3 cases in grade B, 5 in grade C, 1 in grade D, 12 in grade E. All the patients received antiphthisic treatment with isonicotinylhydrazide (INH), rifampicin (RFP), Ethambutol (EMB), pyrazinamide (PZA), and support therapy in preoperation. The chemotherapy was continued 9 to 12 months after operation. Neurological functions of all cases were investigated, and radiography was analyzed pre-operation and post-operation to determine the state of bony fusion and the correction of spinal kyphosis. Statistical analysis was made according to the preoperative and post-operative Cobb angle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 6 years with 2.5 years on average. All the patients had primary healing of the incisions. The Cobb angle was (9.8+/3.3) degrees in post-operation. The kyphosis deformity was corrected 17.2 degrees in thoracolumbar on average (t=-13.48, P<0.01). According to the Frankel neurological functional grade system, 1 case was in grade C, 3 in grade D, and 17 in grade E.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is effective for patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis in correction of spinal kyphosis, reconstruction of the spinal stability and bony fusion by anterior radical debridement with bone graft fusion and posterior pedicle screw-rods system fixation.</p>