[Analysis of 141 cases with benign upper airway occupying in infant].

Objective:To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of benign upper airway space occupancy in infants. Methods:The clinical data of 141 cases with begin upper airway space from January 2012 to January 2022 were analyzed. Among them, 101 were male and 68 were female, the age is 0-3 years old. In which there were 24 newborns. The clinical characteristics, auxiliary examination and treatment results were summarized and analyzed. Results:The main clinical manifestations of 141 infants were dyspnea and/or laryngeal wheezing, including 116 cases of congenital cyst of tongue, 15 cases of hair polyps, 4 cases of nasopharyngeal second pharyngeal fissure cysts, 2 cases of congenital laryngeal cysts, 2 cases of pharyngeal bronchial cyst, 1 case of nasopharyngeal teratoma and 1 case of myofibroma. All the infants had completed the corresponding examination and treatment. The diagnosis was clear, and there was no missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Among them, 19 infants with congenital cyst of tongue were given cyst puncture to relieve dyspnea. 2 cases of congenital cyst of tongue recurred half a year after operaion, and then they underwent reoperation. The prognosis of the remaining infants were good. Conclusion:The most common occupying of benign upper airway space occupancy is cyst, and low-temperature plasma resection under endoscope is the main treatment method. Timely puncture therapy is also a safe and effective treatment for infants who are dyspnea and life threatening.

Risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity of aerobic bacteria in Chinese children with adenoid hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial infection of adenoid is currently considered to be an important cause of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children. Although several bacteriology studies on adenoid diseases have been reported, the aerobic bacterial study regarding risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity of AH in Chinese children is lacking. This study aims to investigate the risk factors for aerobic bacterial colonization of AH in Chinese children and to elucidate aerobic bacterial profiles and antibiotic sensitivity. METHODS: Samples were collected from the adenoid core and surface tissue of 466 children undergoing adenoidectomy. Aerobic cultures and antibiotic sensitivity were observed. The risk factors for bacterial colonization of adenoid were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: A total of 143 children could be detected opportunistic pathogens in adenoid surface and/or core tissue, with a carriage rate of 30.7%. The presence of chronic rhinosinusitis, tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoidal size were the risk factors for aerobic bacterial colonization of adenoid in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that chronic rhinosinusitis and tonsil hypertrophy were significant variables associated with the aerobic bacterial colonization. The most frequently isolated aerobic bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. There was no statistically significant difference in bacterial species between the adenoid surface and core. The above common bacteria were more sensitive to cephalosporins and quinolones antibiotics, and significantly resistant to penicillin antibiotics and non-ß-lactamase inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Our results provide recent aerobic bacterial profiles for AH among Chinese children and confirm the risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity. This study contributes to understanding the role of different risk factors in the development of AH and will be helpful to the treatment of AH among Chinese children.

Early Stage Impacts of Adenoidectomy With/Without Tonsillectomy on Immune Functions of Children Aged Less Than Three Years.

Objective: To evaluate the early stage effects of adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy on immune functions in children aged <3 years. Methods: Twenty-four children aged <3 years underwent adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy were included. The levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 were measured for humoral immunity, and the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD56+, CD3+CD4-CD8-, and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells were measured for cellular immunity before and 2 weeks after the operation. Results: The postoperative levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, and C4 were significantly increased compared with the preoperative levels (P < 0.05). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, CD3+CD4-CD8-, and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells were increased, while the level of CD19+ was decreased in postoperative period compared with preoperative period. Compared with those in the control group, the preoperative levels of IgA, IgG, and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the levels of IgM, C3, C4 and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, and CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells were not significantly changed. The postoperative levels of IgA, IgG, C3, C4, CD3+CD4-CD8-, and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the levels of IgM, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+ T cells were not significantly changed compared with those in the control group. Conclusion: Adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy could stimulate the immune responses, which could avoid significant immune deficiency in a short period of time in children aged <3 years.

Correlation between TERT C228T and clinic-pathological features in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The aims of the present study were to reveal the prevalence of the TERT C228T mutation in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PPTC) and to further investigate the role of the TERT C228T mutation in PPTC. We also tested another TERT mutation, TERT C250T, although this was not detected in PPTC patients. In this study, 48 patients with PPTC (41 with classic PPTC) were enrolled. DNA was extracted from PPTC tissues and TERT C228T mutation analysis was performed. Chi-squared analysis, Fisher's exact test, and a t-test were applied to test the significance of differences. The TERT C228T mutation presented in 13 (27.1%) of the 48 PPTC patients and 10 (24.4%) of the 41 classical PPTC patients. There were significant differences between PPTC patients with the TERT C228T mutation and those without in terms of modified radical neck dissection, multifocality, capsular invasion, extrathyroidal invasion, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor stage (P<0.05). In classical PPTC, there were additional significant differences in other clinic-pathological features, such as AJCC nodal stage (P=0.009) and American Thyroid Association (ATA) PPTC stage (P=0.021) between patients with and without the TERT C228T mutation. These findings indicate that the TERT C228T mutation is significantly correlated with certain aggressive clinic-pathological features of PPTC.

Short- and long-term impacts of adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy on immune function of young children <3 years of age: A cohort study.

To investigate the short- and long-term impacts of adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy on the immune functions of young children < 3 years of age.This longitudinal prospective study included 40 pediatric patients (age <3 y) undergoing adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy for snoring and sleep apnea. Serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgG, IgM, complement C3, and C4 levels were measured for the status of humoral immunity; CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, CD19+, CD56+, CD3+CD4-CD8-, and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells were measured for the status of cellular immunity. Blood samples were taken at 3 time points: before surgery, 1 month after surgery (short-term), and 3 months after surgery (long-term). All patients were assessed for short-term outcome at 1-month postoperation, but only 30 patients were followed at 3 months after surgery. The incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infections and other immune-related conditions were recorded at each follow-up.The levels of IgA significantly decreased from the preoperative level at 1-month follow-up (P < .05), but still within normal range. No significant changes were found in the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, CD19+, CD56+, CD3+CD4-CD8-, and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cell at 3-month follow-up in comparison with preoperative levels. There was also no episode of recurrent respiratory tract infection and other immune-deficiency conditions.Adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy may result in a reduction in individual antibodies in children <3 years of age, but did not show negative impacts on their immune functions. Also, the surgery does not lead to the increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection in these children.

Correlation between BRAF V600E mutation and clinicopathological features in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma.

In adults, the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been demonstrated to be strongly associated with aggressive cancer-cell characteristics and poor patient prognosis. In contrast, the frequency of this mutation in pediatric PTC has undergone limited study, and the few available estimates range from 0 to 63%. Furthermore, the role of the BRAF V600E mutation in pediatric PTC is controversial; thus, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and role of the BRAF V600E mutation in 48 pediatric patients with PTC, aged 3-13 years. Of these patients, 41 were diagnosed with classic PTC, five were found to have a follicular variant of PTC, and two to exhibit a diffuse sclerosing PTC variant. The BRAF V600E mutation was identified to be present in 35.4% of the 48 analyzed patients, and in 41.5% of the patients diagnosed with classical PTC. Furthermore, the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation was found to be associated with a patient age at diagnosis of less than ten years (P=0.011), the performance of a thyroidectomy (P=0.03), exhibited tumor multifocality (P=0.02) and/or extra-thyroidal invasion (P=0.003), and both a low MACIS (Metastases, Age, Completeness of resection, Invasion, Size)(P=0.036) and AMES (Age, Metastasis, Extent of tumor, Size)(P=0.001) score. Together, these data suggest that the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation may be negatively correlated with partial aggressive clinicopathological features of pediatric PTC.

MicroRNA-365a-3p promotes tumor growth and metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, we analyzed the roles of miR-365a-3p, miR-143-5p, and miR-494-3p in LSCC using Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining and flow cyto-metry, along with a Transwell migration and invasion assay. The results showed that miR-365a-3p inhibitor significantly facilitated cell apoptosis and suppressed cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion in Hep-2 cells. However, miR-143-5p and miR-494-3p had no such influences. We then investigated the role of miR-365a-3p in LSCC in vivo and found that miR-365a-3p inhibitor suppressed LSCC xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft mouse models. Moreover, miR-365a-3p inhibitor significantly decreased the expression of p-AKT (Ser473), which indicated that miR-365a-3p can mediate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway transduction via p-AKT (Ser473) in LSCC. The data suggest that miR-365a-3p may act as an oncomiR and may promote growth and metastasis in LSCC via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and thus miR­365a-3p may be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of LSCC.

Primary tumor standardized uptake value predicts survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pretreatment primary tumor standardized uptake value (SUV), as measured by positron emission tomography (PET), can add prognostic information for predicting survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 7 articles were identified by searching electronic databases. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 4.2.2. SUV measurement and SUV threshold for defining high SUV were studied dependently. For each publication, we first obtained an estimate of the relative risk (RR) for comparing patients with a low or a high SUV. Subsequently, we aggregated the individual RRs into a combined RR, using a fixed-effect model. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. RESULTS: The study included 7 clinical trials dedicated to HNSCC, involving 674 patients who underwent fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-PET scanning before treatment. The combined RR from the 7 reports for the survival was 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.62). The funnel plot showed symmetrical distribution, indicating no evidence of any substantial publication bias. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis indicates that patients with HNSCC who have a primary tumor with a high SUV have poor survival; this should be further confirmed in a meta-analysis based on individual patient data.

Biological and clinical significance of p75NTR expression in laryngeal squamous epithelia and laryngocarcinoma.

CONCLUSION: The apparent features of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) expression indicated that p75(NTR) would serve as a potential stem cell marker for normal human laryngeal squamous epithelia. In human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) p75(NTR) is differentially expressed. The abnormal expression and distribution of p75(NTR) may indicate malignant transformation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of p75(NTR) and its possible roles in normal laryngeal squamous epithelia and LSCC. METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry methods to examine normal laryngeal epithelia, para-cancer mucosa with dysplasia, laryngeal papilloma, and LSCC specimens for the expression of p75(NTR), nerve growth factor (NGF), -tyrosine kinase receptor (TrkA), p63, and Ki67. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were used to examine the expression of p75(NTR) in Hep-2 cells. RESULTS: The expression of p75(NTR) was only located in basal cells of normal laryngeal epithelia, consistent with the staining features of epithelial stem cells as evidenced by parallel staining of p63, a putative keratinocyte stem cell marker. p75(NTR) is differentially expressed in LSCC, although no significant relationship was found with many clinicopathologic factors, this expression and distribution may correlate to malignant transformation and tumor proliferation. Co-expression of p75(NTR) and CD133 was confirmed, showing the association of p75(NTR)-positive cells with cancer stem cells in Hep-2 cells.