The Role of Sociodemographic, Clinical and Neuropsychological Variables in Suicide Attempts in Depressed Adolescents.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical and neuropsychological variables and suicide attempts by comparing adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with and without suicide attempt. METHOD: 30 adolescents with and without suicide attempt were included in this study. Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children--Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), The Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and neuropsychological tests (Go/NoGo test, Stroop test Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) was applied to participants. RESULTS: Depressed adolescents with suicide attempt compared to adolescents without suicide attempt; motor and total impulsivity scores in BIS-11, commission errors in Go/NoGo test which measure motor inhibition, completion time and errors in Stroop 5 which measure interference inhibition and scores of perseveration in Winsconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) which measure cognitive inhibition were found to be higher. Family history of suicide attempt (OR: 5.87), commission errors (OR: 1.37), perseverative errors (OR: 1.09) ve total impulsivity (OR: 1.05) were remained in the logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggested that family history of suicide attempt was the most important factor predicting suicide attempt in adolescents with depression. Other factors predicting suicide attempt were executive dysfunction and impulsivity.

Response inhibition according to the stimulus and food type in exogenous obesity.

OBJECTIVES: It is still unknown under which conditions response inhibition deficits occur in obesity, and how these patterns change. Methodological and experimental limitations might be predictors. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the inhibitory control process of participants with obesity and those of a healthy weight differs according to the type of stimuli. METHOD: The study sample was comprised of 51 exogenous obese and 46 healthy weight participants. Groups completed four go/no-go blocks: neutral, object, low-calorie, and high-calorie. The order of block presentation was counterbalanced. To examine inhibitory controls, repeated measures of the last factor were applied. RESULTS: Results showed that obese and healthy weight participants' response patterns changed according to the type of stimuli. Obese participants did not have problems with neutral/standard response inhibition. The inhibitory control deficits occurred in the food stimuli blocks. Also, food type was a predictor for that response pattern. The response control declined prominently in the high-calorie food condition compared to the low-calorie food condition. Error types and reaction times changed according to the stimulus and food type. DISCUSSION: In go/no-go tasks, manipulating the stimulus type, especially the food type, seems to be critical for understanding the nature of response control. The response inhibition problem was revealed in the food stimulus and changed based on the food type. These results are thought to be important for the construction of efficient weight treatment programs.