Multiple factors influence decision making for the surgical treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Surgical strategy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered based on the renal function. Partial nephrectomy (PN) preserves kidney function better than radical nephrectomy (RN), lowering risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim was to evaluate whether renal function and other clinical variables were important for surgical treatment selection. METHODS: Patients with RCC, surgically treated between 1994 and 2018 were included. There were 663 patients in all stages, 265 women and 398 men, mean age 66 years. CLINICAL DATA: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), WHO performance status (WHO-PS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), surgery, T-stage, M-stage, RCC type, tumor size, age, and gender were extracted from the medical records. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U, X2-test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 663 patients, 455 were treated with RN and 208 with PN. In all patients, preoperative eGFR was significantly higher in PN (80.8) than in RN (77.1, p = 0.015). Using logistic regression tumor size (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-0.98, T-stage (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.33-0.65), WHO-PS (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.04-0.57), and CCI (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05-1.44), associated to treatment selection, while eGFR, M-stage, age, and gender did not. In cTa subgroup, eGFR was also higher in PN (84.6) than in RN (75.0, p = 0.007). Using logistic regression, tumor size (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.83-0.98) and WHO-PS (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.20-0.66) associated to treatment selection, while eGFR, CCI, age, and gender did not. CONCLUSION: Tumor size, CCI scores, T-stage, and WHO-PS, all had an impact on the surgical strategy for all RCC patients. In patients with T1a RCC, tumor size and WHO-PS associated independently with treatment decision. After adjusted analysis, renal function lost its independent association with the treatment strategy in RCC patients.

[Triple diagnostic can establish the diagnosis of symptomatic mobile kidney and nephropexy can give freedom of pain]. / Trippeldiagnostik säker vid symtomgivande rörlig njure.

Symtomatic mobile kidney is a rare condition and diagnosis is difficult. Typical symptoms are position dependent back-flank-abdominal pain with increase of pain when walking, jogging and lifting or other physical activities which increase the descent of the kidney. Triple diagnostic with typical pain history, an intravenous pyelography with a renal descent of ≥ 2 lumbar vertebral heights in the erect position, and an ultrasound with a positive pain provocation can establish the diagnosis of symptomatic mobile kidney. In our study nephropexy gives freedom of pain for 75% of patients and substantial relief for 15% of patients with severe pain.

Transarterial Chemoembolization of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: To prospectively assess feasibility, safety, and cytoreductive effect of transarterial chemoembolization on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using drug-eluting embolic agent (DEE) saturated with doxorubicin compared with transarterial embolization (TAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2012 and 2015, 12 patients (male/female = 5/7, age 66 y ± 9.8) with biopsy-verified RCC eligible for nephron-sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy were recruited. Mean tumor size was 3.2 cm ± 0.62. Patients were randomized at 1:1 ratio to receive either DEE transarterial chemoembolization or TAE before planned surgery. A microcatheter was used to inject particles selectively into arteries feeding the tumors. Response was evaluated by CT according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors and by microscopy of excised tumors. Complications were scored according to the Society of Interventional Radiology classification. RESULTS: DEE transarterial chemoembolization (n = 6) resulted in a significantly (P = .018) higher degree of necrosis with an average of 88.3% (range, 70%-100%) compared with TAE (n = 5), which resulted in an average of 29.4% (range, 0-77%), as evaluated by CT. Histopathologic evaluation showed similar results (P = .016) with an average necrosis of 87.5% (range, 80%-95%) for DEE transarterial chemoembolization (n = 4) versus 26% (range, 0-70%) for TAE (n = 5). Percentage of necrosis seen on microscopy correlated significantly (P = .0005) with radiologic findings, as 4 tumors in each arm were evaluated by both CT and microscopy. No major complications were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: DEE transarterial chemoembolization is safe for treating localized RCC and has a significantly superior cytoreductive effect compared with TAE.