A Qualitative Study of How On-Campus Faculty and Off-Campus Preceptors Evaluate Veterinary Students' Professionalism.

Professionalism is defined and described in a variety of ways that differ considerably in details and quantity. While professionalism has become increasingly important, educators' opinions regarding the types of professionalism vary. The objective of this qualitative study was to evaluate faculty and preceptors' perspectives regarding veterinary medical students' professionalism during their clinical rotations. A thematic content analysis was performed to classify 2,014 comments. Five main themes emerged: (a) work ethic and attitude; (b) effective interactions with clients and delivering patient care; (c) effective interactions with health care professionals; (d) punctuality, task completion, and organization; and (e) commitment to improving competency in self and others. The importance of professionalism was stressed by both groups of faculty and preceptors through written comments; however, the magnitude of each theme differed. The results indicate that without understanding professionalism elements, the lack of conceptual clarity and consensus related to expected behaviors and attitudes would make it challenging to assess professionalism appropriately. The themes identified can be used to begin a discussion about expected behavior among faculty, preceptors, and students, therefore prompting a reasonable assessment of professionalism, as well as avoiding unprofessional behavior.

The deficits of the Iranian educational system in teaching children with conduct disorders.

BACKGROUND: One of the serious issues in the field of children's social and mental health globally, is conduct disorder. Concerning the special problems of these children, their need for appropriate education seems vital. Thus, this study aimed to identify the educational deficiencies in the Iranian education system in terms of educating children with conduct disorder. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a qualitative content analysis study of the directed type. The population was in Tehran City, Iran. This research was performed on 23 individuals using a triangulation sampling technique and in-depth interviewing. The study subjects were children with conduct disorder, their parents, teachers, and social workers, and psychology experts. The study participants were selected using a purposive sampling method, and the tool used for data collection was a checklist of questions that has been approved by 4 experts. MAXQDA (version 12) software was used for data analysis in this study. RESULTS: The obtained data suggested that the deficits of the educational system in Iran are classified into four categories, including the lack of knowledge and skills of school staff, the lack of necessary workforce, the lack of appropriate hardware facilities, and the lack of coordination and cooperation between individuals and systems. CONCLUSION: Considering the present study results, to improve the educational status of children with conduct disorder and reduce their problems, it is necessary to resolve the identified educational deficiencies as soon as possible by the government, policymakers, and educators.

Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention in one-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most common revascularization procedure, with over 1 million performed each year, worldwide. Over the past 20 years, the increasing experience of operators coupled with the advent of newer technologies, including coronary stents and a variety of adjuvant drug therapies, have permitted more successful procedures and decreased the morbidity associated with PCIs. OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence, predictors, and clinical implications of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) after PCIs. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Bandar Abbas in Iran in 2015. All patients which treated with PCI in Shahid Mohammadi Hospital during a one-year period were employed. A total of 192 patients were included. At one-year follow-up in this study, incidence and predictors of MACE were evaluated in a prospective study. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 and descriptive tests included frequency and percentage and mean and standard deviation. Also, Chi-square test was used for data analysis. A p value <0.05 was determined as significant. RESULT: Of the 192 patients, 126 (65.6%) were men and 66 patients were female. Stent had been implemented in 93.8% of patients. Sixty two percent of patients were treated with only one stent, two stents were deployed in 29.7% of patients and 3.6% of patients were treated with three or more stents. Of these patients, 46.9% were treated with Drug Eluted Stent (DES) and 40.1% were treated with Bare Metal Stent (BMS). Both types of stents were used in 8.3% of patients. Also, 4.7% of the patients were treated with balloon angioplasty (POBA). Angioplasty success rate was 95.3% and procedural success rate defined as achieving TIMI III flow with residual coronary stenosis under 30%. No in-hospital mortality or emergency CABG was reported. Re-admission in first year after PCI was required in 34 (17.7%) patients of which, 20 of them (10.4%) needed target vessel revascularization (TVR). Readmission was significantly higher (p=0.034) in the group with BMS compared to those who had DES. MI occurred in 8 patients. CONCLUSION: Our study showed the superiority of DES in comparison with BMS in decreasing readmission and less TVR, but no effect on long term mortality. We recommend more studies in this setting because patients in special groups may benefit more from DES or BMS.