Effects of tobacco product use on oral health and the role of oral healthcare providers in cessation: A narrative review.

Tobacco use has detrimental effects on health, including oral health. The emergence and increasing popularity of newer tobacco and nicotine products make tobacco use one of the major public health problems in the world. Tobacco use increases the risk of oral diseases such as oral cancer, oral mucosal lesions, periodontal disease, and dental caries, among many other oral diseases and conditions. The dental office is an excellent venue for providing cessation intervention. However, there is a lack of knowledge and training in tobacco use prevention among dental professionals. More efforts are needed for smoking cessation interventions in the dental office. Smoking cessation interventions provided by oral healthcare providers include brief educational, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions. This review provides an overview of the ill effects of tobacco use on oral health and the role of oral healthcare providers in managing and preventing tobacco dependence.

Stakeholders' perceptions of barriers and facilitators for dental and mental health referrals of HIV/AIDS clinic patients.

INTRODUCTION: Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are understudied and underserved with respect to both dental and mental health services. The coexistence of psychiatric and dental problems in PLWHA leads to more complex diagnostic assessments and treatments compared to the general population. The aim of the present study was to identify relevant themes from the perspectives of important stakeholders regarding the barriers to and facilitators of patient referral to these services. METHOD: Semi-structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with nine program directors and other key staff from New York State HIV clinics to examine barriers to and facilitators of successful dental and mental health referrals and factors that affect patient motivation. RESULTS: Primary themes crystalized around dental and mental health referral, subject knowledge and perspective, patient barriers, and strategies to overcome barriers. Identified barriers included mental health and HIV status stigma, social determinants of health, fear, disconnectedness, and inconsistent access for dental care. Facilitators identified included case management, integrated one-stop-shop care, and interprofessional awareness and collaboration. Potential patient motivators included process improvement strategies such as transportation support, case management, incentives, and building trust. CONCLUSION: Specific strategies to facilitate patient motivation such as care coordination and interprofessional collaboration is useful for improving dental and mental health referrals.

Management of Nasoorbitoethmoidal Fracture: An Institutional Experience.

The nasoorbitoethmoidal fractures remain the most complex of all facial fractures to diagnose and treat mainly because of the intricate anatomy and difficulty in fracture fixation. The number of such fractures are increasing with the more incidence of high-speed, high-force accidents. The nasoorbitoethmoidal fractures rarely occur as an isolated event. Associated injuries often include central nervous system injuries, cribriform plate fracture, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and fractures of the frontal bone, orbital floor, and middle third of the face as well as injury to the lacrimal system. The appropriate management of these injuries require an understanding of the anatomic features of the region, the degree of severity of damage. The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview of the topic, with a more specific focus on the pearls of managing these fractures. Twenty-four patients who suffered The nasoorbitoethmoidal fractures with/without associated multiple midfacial injuries were included in the study. Postoperatively, results show stable symmetrical fixation of the canthus in three dimensions with good apposition of the eyelids against the ocular globe along with acceptable nasofrontal angle and nasal prominence. Prompt and proper management of these injuries can achieve both adequate functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Comparison between N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and Ethilon nylon sutures in extraoral maxillofacial incisions: A randomized prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Wound closure is a part of any surgical procedure. Wound care and healing process are concepts, which are usually reliant upon sutures. The suture and non-suture repair of the tissues has been a major concern to surgeons for over four thousand years. The objective of this study is to compare the rates of infection, wound dehiscence, necrosis and time required by N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and nylon sutures in extraoral maxillofacial wound closer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 patients requiring external wound closing were included in this study. Patients were divided in two groups, in one group wound closer was done by N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and by conventional nylon suture in the other group. The software STATA® of StataCorp was used in statistical analysis if this study. RESULTS: Wound infection, dehiscence, necrosis of tissue edges, time taken for closure was much less in case of tissue adhesive than conventional sutures. CONCLUSION: Advantages of tissue adhesives over conventional wound closure techniques include easy to use, excellent bacteriostatic property, decreased repair time, elimination of recall visits and comparable short and long-term cosmetic outcome. Though tissue adhesives have many advantages over conventional wound closure techniques, they can be used as an alternative to sutures only in superficial small and tension free skin incisions or lacerations.

Submandibular sialolithiasis: A series of three case reports with review of literature.

One of the most common disorders of the salivary glands is sialolithiasis. A history of pain or/and swelling in the salivary glands, especially during meal suggests this diagnosis. For small and accessible stones conservative therapies like milking of ducts with palliative therapy can produce satisfactory results. Surgical management should be considered when the stone/stones are inaccessible or large in size as conservative therapies turned out to be unsatisfactory. In this paper, we present three cases of sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland along with a review of existing literature. The purpose of this paper is to add three more cases to the literature and review the theories of etiology, clinical features, available diagnostic and treatment procedures.

An enigma of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: Two cases reported in mother and daughter.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) also known as the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome or the nevus-Bifid rib syndrome is an inherited autosomal dominant syndrome. It is caused by genetic alteration produced by a mutation in the "patched" tumor suppressor gene. This rare syndrome is characterized by basal cell carcinoma of skin, multiple odontogenic keratocyst and bifid ribs along with other features such as hypertelorism, sex organ abnormalities, palmar and/or plantar pits and calcification of falx cerebri. Early detection and treatment are essential for patients suffering from this syndrome. Only a few cases of this syndrome with familial background have been reported from India. In this study, we present a rare case of GGS in a mother and her daughter. The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of a dentist in early detection and the need for a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of this syndrome.

Osteoblastoma of Mandible: A Unique Entity.

Osteoblastoma is an uncommon osteoblastic tumor that rarely involves facial bones. It is an uncommon lesion that accounts for 1% of all bone tumors and about 3% of all benign bone tumors. Here, we present a case of 35-year-old female with benign osteoblastoma on the right side of the mandible which was growing for the past 3 years. Clinical presentation, radiologic and histologic features, and treatment and follow-up of this patient are discussed in this paper. Proper diagnosis of this lesion is very important because of its similarity to others lesions. There are very few reported cases of this rare entity; the primary aim of this article is to add more cases of this rare phenomenon to literature and provide a descriptive review.