RESUMO
The 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15LO) enzyme is widely distributed within the central nervous system. Previous work showed that this protein is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and plays an active role in the development of brain amyloidosis in amyloid beta (Aß)-precursor protein transgenic mice (Tg2576). In the present paper, we studied the effect of its pharmacologic inhibition on the AD-like phenotype of a mouse model with plaques and tangles, the triple-transgenic mice. Compared with mice receiving placebo, the group treated with PD146176, a specific 12/15LO inhibitor, manifested a significant improvement of their memory deficits. The same animals had a significant reduction in Aß levels and deposition, which was secondary to a decrease in the ß-secretase pathway. In addition, while total tau-soluble levels were unchanged for both groups, PD146176-treated mice had a significant reduction in its phosphorylation state and insoluble fraction, which specifically associated with decrease in stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity. In vitro study showed that the effect on tau and Aß were independent from each other. These data establish a functional role for 12/15LO in the pathogenesis of the full spectrum of the AD-like phenotype and represent the successful completion of the initial step for the preclinical development of 12/15LO inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents for AD.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Araquidonato 12-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Araquidonato 15-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Fluorenos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Condicionamento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Medo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Mutação/genética , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Presenilina-1/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Proteínas tau/genéticaRESUMO
5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in vivo modulates the amyloidotic phenotype of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. However, no data are available on the effects that 5LO has on synaptic function, integrity and cognition. To address this issue, we used a genetic and a pharmacological approach by generating 3 × Tg mice deficient for 5LO and administering 3 × Tg mice with a 5LO inhibitor. Compared with controls, we found that even before the development of overt neuropathology, both animals manifested significant memory improvement, rescue of their synaptic dysfunction and amelioration of synaptic integrity. In addition, later in life, these mice had a significant reduction of Aß and tau pathology. Our findings support a novel functional role for 5LO in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory. They establish this protein as a pleiotropic contributor to the development of the full spectrum of the AD phenotype, making it a valid therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
