RESUMO
BackgroundAppropriate vaccination strategies have been key to controlling the outbreak of mpox outside endemic areas in 2022, yet few studies have provided information on mpox vaccine effectiveness (VE).AimTo assess VE after one dose of a third-generation smallpox vaccine against mpox when given as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 14 days.MethodsA survival analysis in a prospective cohort of close contacts of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases was conducted from the beginning of the outbreak in the region of Madrid in May 2022. The study included contacts of cases in this region diagnosed between 17 May and 15 August 2022. Follow up was up to 49 days. A multivariate proportional hazard model was used to evaluate VE in the presence of confounding and interaction.ResultsInformation was obtained from 484 close contacts, of which 230 were vaccinated within 14 days of exposure. Of the close contacts, 57 became ill during follow-up, eight vaccinated and 49 unvaccinated. The adjusted effectiveness of the vaccine was 88.8% (95% CI: 76.0-94.7). Among sexual contacts, VE was 93.6% (95% CI: 72.1-98.5) for non-cohabitants and 88.6% (95% CI: 66.1-96.2) for cohabitants.ConclusionPost-exposure prophylaxis of close contacts of mpox cases is an effective measure that can contribute to reducing the number of cases and eventually the symptoms of breakthrough infections. The continued use of PEP together with pre-exposure prophylaxis by vaccination and other population-targeted prevention measures are key factors in controlling an mpox outbreak.
Assuntos
Mpox , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Eficácia de Vacinas , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Up to 22 June 2022, 508 confirmed cases of monkeypox (MPX) have been reported in the Madrid region of Spain, 99% are men (nâ¯=â¯503) with a median age of 35 years (range: 18-67). In this ongoing outbreak, 427 cases (84.1%) reported condomless sex or sex with multiple partners within the 21 days before onset of symptoms, who were predominantly men who have sex with men (MSM) (nâ¯=â¯397; 93%). Both the location of the rash, mainly in the anogenital and perineal area, as well as the presence of inguinal lymphadenopathy suggest that close physical contact during sexual activity played a key role in transmission. Several cases reported being at a sauna in the city of Madrid (nâ¯=â¯34) or a mass event held on the Spanish island of Gran Canaria (nâ¯=â¯27), activities which may represent a conducive environment for MPX virus spread, with many private parties also playing an important role. Because of the rapid implementation of MPX surveillance in Madrid, one of the largest outbreaks reported outside Africa was identified. To minimise transmission, we continue to actively work with LGBTIQ+ groups and associations, with the aim of raising awareness among people at risk and encouraging them to adopt preventive measures.
Assuntos
Mpox , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Homossexualidade Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mpox/diagnóstico , Comportamento Sexual , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem and most cases are concentrated in vulnerable populations. The objective was to describe the incidence rates trend in native and foreign population (2009-2018) in Madrid Region. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of cases from the Tuberculosis Regional Registry of cases of Madrid Region 2009-2018. Annual incidence rates were calculated by country of birth (Spain, other), sex and age group (<15, 15-34, 35-44, 45-64, >64), using the annual January 1st continuous register population. The infection rate trend and the annual percentage change (APC) were calculated, along with the best jointpoint adjustment using Jointpoint regression. RESULTS: 7,696 cases were analyzed, 48.2% were foreign-born individuals. Average age in native population was 50 years old (SD: 23.96) and 35 (DS: 36.64) in foreign-born individuals (p<0.001). The overall incidence rate decreased from 17.30 in 2009 to 9.00 per 100,000 in 2018 and was higher in men. Pulmonary tuberculosis reduced from 11.90 to 6.55. Among native population, the incidence of TB fell from 10.29 to 5.24 with an APC of -7.3% (95%IC: -8.9; -5.7) (p<0.05), no jointpoint was identified. Among foreign-born individuals the incidence of tuberculosis declined from 46.54 to 25.49, a joint point was identified in 2013, observing an incidence decrease for the period 2009-2013 and APC of -13.8% (IC95%: -17.5; -10.0). CONCLUSIONS: The global incidence rate in this period has decreased by approximately 7% per year. However, this reduction occurred mainly in native population. In foreign-born individuals the incidence decreased by approximately 14% during the 2009-2013 period, after this period there have been no significant incidence changes.
OBJETIVO: La tuberculosis (TB) continúa siendo un problema importante de salud pública, debido a que la mayoría de los casos se concentran en población vulnerable. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la tendencia de las tasas de incidencia en población autóctona y extranjera (2009-2018) en la Comunidad de Madrid (CM). METODOS: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de casos del Registro Regional de casos de Tuberculosis de la CM en el período 2009-2018. Se calcularon tasas de incidencia anual por cada 100.000 habitantes, por país de nacimiento (España, fuera de España), sexo y grupo de edad (<15, 15-34, 35-44, 45-64, >64), utilizando las poblaciones de padrón continuo a 1 de enero de cada año. Se calculó la tendencia de las tasas de incidencia y el porcentaje anual de cambio (APC), así como el mejor ajuste del punto de inflexión utilizando la regresión de Jointpoint. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 7.696 casos, siendo el 48,2% en personas nacidas fuera de España. La edad media en población autóctona fue de 50 años (DS: 23,96) y 35 (DS: 36,64) en inmigrante (p<0,001). La tasa de incidencia global pasó de 17,30 por cada 100.000 habitantes en 2009 a 9 en 2018, siendo superior en hombres. La incidencia de tuberculosis pulmonar pasó de 11,90 a 6,55. En población autóctona, la incidencia de TB pasó de 10,29 a 5,24, con un APC de -7,3% (IC95%: -8,9; -5,7; p<0,05), y no se identificó ningún punto de inflexión. En población extranjera la incidencia de tuberculosis pasó de 46,54 a 25,49, identificándose un punto de inflexión en 2013, con una disminución más acusada de la incidencia para el periodo 2009-2013 debido a un APC de -13,8% (IC95%: -17,5; -10,0). CONCLUSIONES: La tasa de incidencia global en este periodo disminuye cerca de un 7% anual; sin embargo, esta disminución de la incidencia se produce fundamentalmente en población autóctona. En población extranjera la incidencia desciende cerca de un 14% durante el periodo 2009-2013. Tras este periodo no hay cambios significativos en la incidencia.
Assuntos
Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Pública , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJETIVO: La tuberculosis (TB) continúa siendo un problema importante de salud pública, debido a que la mayoría de los casos se concentran en población vulnerable. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la tendencia de las tasas de incidencia en población autóctona y extranjera (2009-2018) en la Comunidad de Madrid (CM). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de casos del Registro Regional de casos de Tuberculosis de la CM en el período 2009-2018. Se calcularon tasas de incidencia anual por cada 100.000 habitantes, por país de nacimiento (España, fuera de España), sexo y grupo de edad (<15, 15-34, 35-44, 45-64, >64), utilizando las poblaciones de padrón continuo a 1 de enero de cada año. Se calculó la tendencia de las tasas de incidencia y el porcentaje anual de cambio (APC), así como el mejor ajuste del punto de inflexión utilizando la regresión de Jointpoint. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 7.696 casos, siendo el 48,2% en personas nacidas fuera de España. La edad media en población autóctona fue de 50 años (DS: 23,96) y 35 (DS: 36,64) en inmigrante (p < 0,001). La tasa de incidencia global pasó de 17,30 por cada 100.000 habitantes en 2009 a 9 en 2018, siendo superior en hombres. La incidencia de tuberculosis pulmonar pasó de 11,90 a 6,55. En población autóctona, la incidencia de TB pasó de 10,29 a 5,24, con un APC de -7,3% (IC95%: -8,9; -5,7; p < 0,05), y no se identificó ningún punto de inflexión. En población extranjera la incidencia de tuberculosis pasó de 46,54 a 25,49, identificándose un punto de inflexión en 2013, con una disminución más acusada de la incidencia para el periodo 2009-2013 debido a un APC de -13,8% (IC95%: -17,5; -10,0). CONCLUSIONES: La tasa de incidencia global en este periodo disminuye cerca de un 7% anual; sin embargo, esta disminución de la incidencia se produce fundamentalmente en población autóctona. En población extranjera la incidencia desciende cerca de un 14% durante el periodo 2009-2013. Tras este periodo no hay cambios significativos en la incidencia
OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem and most cases are concentrated in vulnerable populations. The objective was to describe the incidence rates trend in native and foreign population (2009-2018) in Madrid Region. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of cases from the Tuberculosis Regional Registry of cases of Madrid Region 2009-2018. Annual incidence rates were calculated by country of birth (Spain, other), sex and age group (<15, 15-34, 35-44, 45-64, >64), using the annual January 1st continuous register population. The infection rate trend and the annual percentage change (APC) were calculated, along with the best jointpoint adjustment using Jointpoint regression. RESULTS: 7,696 cases were analyzed, 48.2% were foreign-born individuals. Average age in native population was 50 years old (SD: 23.96) and 35 (DS: 36.64) in foreign-born individuals (p < 0.001). The overall incidence rate decreased from 17.30 in 2009 to 9.00 per 100,000 in 2018 and was higher in men. Pulmonary tuberculosis reduced from 11.90 to 6.55. Among native population, the incidence of TB fell from 10.29 to 5.24 with an APC of -7.3% (95%IC: -8.9; -5.7) (p < 0.05), no jointpoint was identified. Among foreign-born individuals the incidence of tuberculosis declined from 46.54 to 25.49, a joint point was identified in 2013, observing an incidence decrease for the period 2009-2013 and APC of -13.8% (IC95%: -17.5; -10.0). CONCLUSIONS: The global incidence rate in this period has decreased by approximately 7% per year. However, this reduction occurred mainly in native population. In foreign-born individuals the incidence decreased by approximately 14% during the 2009-2013 period, after this period there have been no significant incidence changes
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Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Espanha/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidade , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Objetivo. Estudiar la validez y la concordancia de los datos de diabetes en la historia clínica electrónica de atención primaria (AP-Madrid) comparándola con el estudio PREDIMERC. Métodos. En una muestra poblacional de 2268 individuos se calcularon la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo, el valor predictivo negativo y el índice kappa de los casos de diabetes registrados en la historia clínica AP-Madrid, comparándolos con el estudio PREDIMERC (como referencia). Se estimó la prevalencia de diabetes según cada fuente de información. Resultados. La sensibilidad para la diabetes registrada en AP-Madrid fue del 74%, la especificidad del 98,8%, el valor predictivo positivo del 87,9%, el valor predictivo negativo del 97,3% y el índice kappa de 0,78. La prevalencia de diabetes registrada fue del 6,7%, frente al 8,1% de PREDIMERC, siendo la diabetes conocida del 6,3%. Conclusiones. La AP-Madrid es un sistema de información válido para realizar estudios de vigilancia epidemiológica de diabetes en la Comunidad de Madrid (AU)
Objective. To assess the validity and concordance of diabetes data in the electronic health records of primary care (Madrid-PC) by comparing with those from the PREDIMERC study. Methods. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa index of diabetes cases recorded in the health records of Madrid-PC were calculated by using data from PREDIMERC as the gold standard. The prevalence of diabetes was also determined according to each data source. Results. The sensitivity of diabetes recorded in Madrid-PC was 74%, the specificity was 98.8%, the positive predictive value was 87.9%, the negative predictive value was 97.3%, and the kappa index was 0.78. The prevalence of diabetes recorded in Madrid-PC was 6.7% versus 8.1% by PREDIMERC, where known diabetes was 6.3%. Conclusions. The electronic health records of primary care are a valid source for epidemiological surveillance of diabetes in Madrid (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prontuários Médicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Prontuários Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Prontuários Médicos/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/organização & administração , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/normas , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos/normas , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/tendênciasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and concordance of diabetes data in the electronic health records of primary care (Madrid-PC) by comparing with those from the PREDIMERC study. METHODS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa index of diabetes cases recorded in the health records of Madrid-PC were calculated by using data from PREDIMERC as the gold standard. The prevalence of diabetes was also determined according to each data source. RESULTS: The sensitivity of diabetes recorded in Madrid-PC was 74%, the specificity was 98.8%, the positive predictive value was 87.9%, the negative predictive value was 97.3%, and the kappa index was 0.78. The prevalence of diabetes recorded in Madrid-PC was 6.7% versus 8.1% by PREDIMERC, where known diabetes was 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The electronic health records of primary care are a valid source for epidemiological surveillance of diabetes in Madrid.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Humanos , Prevalência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
ObjetivoDeterminar la prevalencia de diabetes y los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población adulta de la Comunidad de Madrid.Material y métodoEstudio transversal de base poblacional en el año 2007. Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria representativa de la población de 3074 años, con un tamaño muestral fijo para cada estrato de edad, ponderando los resultados según la estructura por edad de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica. Posteriormente, en el centro de salud se efectuó la exploración física y la extracción de sangre en ayunas para determinar la glucemia, el colesterol y las fracciones lipídicas.ResultadosSe incluyeron 2.268 personas con una edad media de 48,3 años; el 52% eran mujeres. La tasa de respuesta fue del 56,4%. El 8,1% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 7,08,9) de la población presenta diabetes y el 5,9% (IC95%: 4,86,1) una glucemia basal alterada. El 29,3% (IC95%: 27,331,5) tiene hipertensión arterial y el 23,3% (IC 95%: 21,425,2) hipercolesterolemia. El 22,8% (IC95%: 20,825,0) presenta sobrepeso de grado II, el 21,7% (IC95%: 19,823,6) obesidad y el 23,9% (IC95%: 21,826,1) obesidad abdominal. El 85,5% (IC95%: 83,187,1) eran sedentarios en tiempo libre y el 28,4% (IC95%: 26,330,3) fumadores.ConclusionesLa prevalencia de diabetes mellitus en la Comunidad de Madrid se sitúa en una posición intermedia con respecto a otras comunidades autónomas. Los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular tienen una elevada prevalencia. El sobrepeso de grado II y la obesidad, que afectan a 4,5 de cada 10 adultos, representan una prioridad de intervención en la prevención de la diabetes y la enfermedad cardiovascular(AU)
ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of diabetes and major cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the autonomous region of Madrid (Spain).Material and methodA population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 2007. A random sample of the population aged 3074 years old was selected. A fixed sample size per age stratum was assigned, weighted by the real age-specific distribution of the population of the autonomous region of Madrid. An epidemiological survey was conducted by telephone. Subsequently, physical examination was performed and a fasting blood sample was taken in the health center for glucose, cholesterol and lipid fraction determinations.ResultsWe included 2268 people with a mean age of 48.3 years old (52% women). The response rate was 56.4%. Diabetes was found in 8.1% (95%CI: 7.08.9) of the adult population and impaired fasting glucose was found in 5.9% (95%CI: 4.86.1). The prevalence of risk factors was as follows: hypertension in 29.3% (95%CI: 27.331.5), hypercholesterolemia in 23.3% (95%CI: 21.826.1), overweight grade II in 22.8% (20.825.0), obesity in 21.7% (95%CI: 19.823.6), and central obesity in 23.9% (95%CI: 21.826.1). A total of 85.5% (95%CI: 83.187.1) were sedentary in their leisure time and 28.4% (95%CI: 26.330.3) were smokers.ConclusionsThe prevalence of diabetes in the autonomous region of Madrid is intermediate in relation to other regions of Spain. Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent, and are higher in men than in women. Overweight and obesity, affecting 4.5 out of every 10 adults, should be considered a priority for health interventions in cardiovascular disease prevention(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of diabetes and major cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the autonomous region of Madrid (Spain). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 2007. A random sample of the population aged 30-74 years old was selected. A fixed sample size per age stratum was assigned, weighted by the real age-specific distribution of the population of the autonomous region of Madrid. An epidemiological survey was conducted by telephone. Subsequently, physical examination was performed and a fasting blood sample was taken in the health center for glucose, cholesterol and lipid fraction determinations. RESULTS: We included 2268 people with a mean age of 48.3 years old (52% women). The response rate was 56.4%. Diabetes was found in 8.1% (95%CI: 7.0-8.9) of the adult population and impaired fasting glucose was found in 5.9% (95%CI: 4.8-6.1). The prevalence of risk factors was as follows: hypertension in 29.3% (95%CI: 27.3-31.5), hypercholesterolemia in 23.3% (95%CI: 21.8-26.1), overweight grade II in 22.8% (20.8-25.0), obesity in 21.7% (95%CI: 19.8-23.6), and central obesity in 23.9% (95%CI: 21.8-26.1). A total of 85.5% (95%CI: 83.1-87.1) were sedentary in their leisure time and 28.4% (95%CI: 26.3-30.3) were smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes in the autonomous region of Madrid is intermediate in relation to other regions of Spain. Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent, and are higher in men than in women. Overweight and obesity, affecting 4.5 out of every 10 adults, should be considered a priority for health interventions in cardiovascular disease prevention.