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1.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 170(1-4): 132-5, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27150516

RESUMO

Many individual monitoring services (IMSs) have long experience in delivering high-quality dosimetry, and many follow rigorous quality assurance (QA) procedures. Typically, these procedures have been developed through experience and are highly effective in maintaining high-quality dose measurements. However, it is not always clear how the range of QA procedures normally followed by IMSs maps on to the various requirements of ISO 17025. The Personal Dosimetry Service of Public Health England has interpreted its QA procedures both in operating existing services and in developing a new one.


Assuntos
Radiometria/métodos , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/métodos , Calibragem , Inglaterra , Humanos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Controle de Qualidade , Doses de Radiação , Dosímetros de Radiação , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Radiometria/instrumentação , Radiometria/normas , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/instrumentação , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/normas , Incerteza
2.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 170(1-4): 108-12, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26801052

RESUMO

The individual monitoring service of Public Health England (PHE) uses Harshaw™ whole-body and extremity thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) with high-sensitivity lithium fluoride LiF:Mg,Cu,P, together with Harshaw 8800™ automated readers. The neutron-insensitive, (6)Li-depleted variety of TLD material is used by PHE because the service provides separate neutron and photon dosemeters. The neutron dosemeters are not sensitive to photons and vice versa Since insensitivity to neutrons is a supply requirement for TLDs, there is a need to test every new (annual) consignment for this. Because it is thermal neutrons that produce a response in (6)Li TLDs, a thermal field is needed. To this end, PHE has adopted the simple approach of sandwiching the TLDs between two ISO water-filled slab phantoms. In this arrangement, the fast neutrons from an Am-Be source are effectively thermalised. Details of the method are given, together with the results of supporting MCNP calculations and some typical results.


Assuntos
Dosimetria Termoluminescente/métodos , Algoritmos , Amerício/análise , Berílio/análise , Calibragem , Inglaterra , Desenho de Equipamento , Fluoretos , Humanos , Lítio/análise , Compostos de Lítio , Teste de Materiais , Método de Monte Carlo , Nêutrons , Imagens de Fantasmas , Fótons , Doses de Radiação , Dosímetros de Radiação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/instrumentação , Contagem Corporal Total
3.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 158(1): 115-21, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23945747

RESUMO

In support of research aimed at developing a thermoluminescence dosemeter capable of accurately measuring ionising radiation doses to the lens of the eye, Monte Carlo modelling of a standard beta exposure set-up has been performed. It was found that electrons with an energy distribution corresponding to the beta emission spectrum from (85)Kr deposit negligible doses at a depth of 3 mm in tissue, but doses from (90)Sr/(90)Y are significant; free in air and fluence-to-Hp(3,θ°) and -Hp(0.07,θ°) conversion coefficient data were found for this field for exposures at 0°, 30° and 60° angles of incidence, and the response characteristics of the new eye dosemeter were evaluated. It was shown that the results were not affected greatly by the shape of the calibration phantom. However, it was demonstrated that the presence of intermediating air and beam flattening filters hardens the energy distribution of the field at the point of test, relative to a raw (90)Sr/(90)Y source, and this impacts dose depositions.


Assuntos
Olho/efeitos da radiação , Radioisótopos de Criptônio/análise , Modelos Estatísticos , Método de Monte Carlo , Eficiência Biológica Relativa , Radioisótopos de Estrôncio/análise , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/análise , Simulação por Computador , Elétrons , Humanos , Imagens de Fantasmas , Fótons , Doses de Radiação , Proteção Radiológica
4.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 157(3): 430-6, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23744666

RESUMO

A new head band dosemeter, for the measurement of eye lens dose in terms of Hp(3), has been type tested by Public Health England's Centre for Radiation, Environmental and Chemical Hazards [formerly part of the UK Health Protection Agency (HPA)]. The type tests were based on the International Standard ISO 12794, drawing also upon earlier work at HPA. The results show that, unlike many existing dosemeters, the new head band dosemeter correctly measures Hp(3) for beta radiations as well as photons.


Assuntos
Cristalino/efeitos da radiação , Fótons , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Radiação/normas , Proteção Radiológica/normas , Partículas beta , Humanos , Imagens de Fantasmas , Equipamentos de Proteção , Doses de Radiação
5.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 144(1-4): 192-4, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21216732

RESUMO

The sensitivity of Harshaw™ magnesium/copper/phosphorus-doped lithium fluoride is shown to be stable over long time periods, even when, as is often the case in practical operations, the TLDs are read out only three times a year.


Assuntos
Cobre/análise , Fluoretos/análise , Compostos de Lítio/análise , Magnésio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Proteção Radiológica/instrumentação , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/instrumentação , Calibragem , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/métodos , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 144(1-4): 243-5, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21212080

RESUMO

Amongst the dosemeters offered by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) Personal Dosimetry Service are finger rings, which use the Harshaw™ DXTRAD element. This paper describes restricted-type testing carried out by HPA on the previously untried combination of the LiF:Mg,Cu,P material and a thicker filter (42 mg cm(-2)). The tests were based on ISO 12794 [International Organization for Standardization. ISO 12794:2000 nuclear energy--radiation protection--individual thermoluminescence dosemeters for the extremities and eyes. ISO (2000)] and included energy and angle dependence of response for photons. The conclusion was, for photon dosimetry applications the thicker filter is acceptable for use in the HPA service.


Assuntos
Cobre/análise , Fluoretos/análise , Compostos de Lítio/análise , Magnésio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Proteção Radiológica/instrumentação , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/instrumentação , Algoritmos , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Fótons , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/métodos , Reino Unido
7.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 144(1-4): 102-6, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20959337

RESUMO

Recent years have seen the increasing use of passive dosemeters that have high sensitivities and, in laboratory conditions, detection limits of <10 µSv. However, in real operational use the detection limits will be markedly higher, because a large fraction of the accrued dose will be due to natural background, and this must be subtracted in order to obtain the desired occupational dose. No matter how well known the natural background is, the measurement uncertainty on doses of a few tens of microsieverts will be large. Individual monitoring services need to recognise this and manage the expectations of their clients by providing sufficient information.


Assuntos
Proteção Radiológica/normas , Radiometria/normas , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/normas , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Limite de Detecção , Exposição Ocupacional , Doses de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação/normas , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Radiometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/métodos
8.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 128(1): 36-42, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17513291

RESUMO

The UK Health Protection Agency is currently commissioning a new personal dosimetry system based on the use of Harshaw two-element thermoluminescent dosemeter cards using LiF:Mg,Cu,P. Results of extensive type testing carried out with reference to IEC 61066, "Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Systems for Personal and Environmental Monitoring", have been presented.


Assuntos
Dosimetria Termoluminescente/instrumentação , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/normas , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Humanos , Doses de Radiação , Reino Unido
9.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 125(1-4): 233-6, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17293354

RESUMO

The personal dosimetry service of the UK Health Protection Agency--formerly of the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)--is currently commissioning a body thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) system based on the use of Harshaw 8800 readers and two-element cards. As part of the process, studies have been carried out into the long-term time dependence of response, the limit of detection and the magnitude of the signal remaining after recommended processing. TLD cards containing both conventional lithium fluoride (LiF:Mg,Ti) and the high-sensitivity material LiF:Mg,Cu,P were available, thus allowing a comparison between the two types of material.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/análise , Fluoretos/química , Fluoretos/efeitos da radiação , Compostos de Lítio/química , Compostos de Lítio/efeitos da radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Proteção Radiológica/instrumentação , Limiar Diferencial , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Internacionalidade , Cinética , Teste de Materiais , Doses de Radiação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
10.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 125(1-4): 258-60, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16980318

RESUMO

The response of thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs) to light, in various conditions, has been studied. TLD cards containing both conventional lithium fluoride (LiF:Mg,Ti) and the high-sensitivity material LiF:Mg,Cu,P were available, so permitting a comparison between the two types. Also available for the tests were Harshaw extremity EXT-RAD (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) dosemeters. The LiF:Mg,Ti body TLD cards and the EXT-RAD extremity dosemeters both showed some response to fluorescent light, while the LiF:Mg,Cu,P cards showed no significant response. It is therefore concluded that LiF:Mg,Cu,P body cards need no special precautions to protect them from the effects of light. For LiF:Mg,Ti cards and extremity dosemeters, effects are small, but steps to avoid excessive light exposure should be considered.


Assuntos
Artefatos , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Fluoretos/química , Fluoretos/efeitos da radiação , Compostos de Lítio/química , Compostos de Lítio/efeitos da radiação , Proteção Radiológica/instrumentação , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/instrumentação , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Internacionalidade , Luz , Doses de Radiação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/métodos
11.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 125(1-4): 135-8, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17018543

RESUMO

The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)--now part of the new UK Health Protection Agency (HPA)--has operated an automated Dose Record Keeping (DRK) Service for over 30 y, and currently maintains records for some 10,000 workers. A proportion of these are designated as Outside Workers, and are issued with Radiation Passbooks, under the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR99). The present study reports the operational experience of NRPB's DRK Service in issuing passbooks, providing advice to users and issuing tailored reports. Indication is given on some problems commonly encountered by employers and dosimetry services.


Assuntos
Documentação/normas , Prontuários Médicos/normas , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação/normas , Proteção Radiológica/normas , Medição de Risco/normas , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Eficiência Biológica Relativa , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Reino Unido
12.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 123(3): 329-36, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17132668

RESUMO

A new type of extremity dosemeter, which incorporates the Harshaw TLD EXTRAD dosemeter element into a PVC finger stall, has been developed. The dosemeter uses high-sensitivity lithium fluoride, (7)LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD-700H) in a thin 7 mg cm(-2) layer, with alternative coverings of PVC at 10 mg cm(-2) and aluminised polyester at 3.2 mg cm(-2). Results are presented of the type testing of both versions of the finger stall dosemeter against published standards.


Assuntos
Dedos , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/instrumentação , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Humanos , Doses de Radiação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/métodos
13.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 101(1-4): 243-8, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12382744

RESUMO

During 2000 a trial performance test for individual monitoring services in Europe was organised by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS), covering whole-body beta/photon, whole-body neutron and extremity beta/photon dosimetry for both monoenergetic and simulated workplace fields. The UK National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), which supplies routine dosemeters to some 50,000 wearers in the UK and overseas, participated in this trial performance test. This paper presents the results obtained for the NRPB whole-body TLD, neutron (PADC) and extremity dosimetry services and comments on their performance in comparison with the overall results.


Assuntos
Califórnio , Dosimetria Fotográfica/normas , Radiometria/normas , Partículas beta , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Nêutrons , Fótons , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
14.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 101(1-4): 289-91, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12382754

RESUMO

The Extremity TLD service provided by the UK National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) supplies dosemeters to 3200 wearers in various occupations, primarily in the industrial, research and medical sectors. The dosemeters and associated processing equipment were supplied by Bicron/NE Technology Ltd and the service in this form has been operating successfully for over 15 years. The dosemeter uses LiF powder, which is deposited onto the adhesive face of a carbon-loaded Kapton tape. This paper is a periodical re-evaluation of the system's high dose response. Whereas there are no UK requirements for extremity dosimetry services to hold approval for assessment of absorbed doses >0.5 Gy, it is useful to characterise how the dosemeter behaves at such levels.


Assuntos
Pele/efeitos da radiação , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/normas , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Humanos , Monitoramento de Radiação/normas
15.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 96(1-3): 191-5, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11586727

RESUMO

The UK National Radiological Protection Board has been operating a successful contract neutron personal dosimetry service based on poly-allyl diglycol carbonate (PADC, also known by the trade name CR-39) since 1986, covering about 1500 workers and serving major nuclear sites in the UK and abroad. In that time approximately 100,000 dosemeters have been issued. Since the service was launched, a number of aspects have undergone evolution and it is therefore worthwhile to give an updated summary of how the service operates and performs today. The description covers the choice of plastic and of etching technique, the design of the dosemeter, the features of the automated image analysis, and the characteristics of the control software. Also described are the approaches to calibration and traceability and to compensation for energy and angle dependence, with particular mention of the ability of the service to estimate the quantity Hp(10) in accordance with the requirements of the European Council Directive 96/29/Euratom.


Assuntos
Nêutrons , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação/instrumentação , Proteção Radiológica/normas , União Europeia , Humanos , Doses de Radiação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Reino Unido
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