Reports of Symptoms Associated with Supraventricular Arrhythmias as a Serious Adverse Drug Reaction in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance Database.

This study aimed to determine the type of drugs reported as suspected of causing severe supraventricular arrhythmias from the Spanish Human Pharmacovigilance System database. A total of 1053 reports were analysed, of which 526 (50%) were on men and 516 (49%) were on women. The most affected age group was the over-65s, with 593 reports (56%). Of the 1613 drugs, those belonging to the cardiovascular system (ATC Group C) were the most numerous (414 reports, 26%), with digoxin being the most frequent drug (49 reports, 12%). Other common groups were antiinfectives for systemic use (ATC Group J; 306 reports, 19%), antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (ATC Group L; 198 reports, 12%), and nervous system drugs (ATC Group N; 185 reports, 11%). The most common supraventricular arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (561 reports, 51%). Regarding outcomes, 730 (66%) patients recovered, 76 (7%) did not recover, 25 (3%) recovered but with sequelae, and 23 (2%) resulted in death. This study revealed that certain drugs have reported to be associated more frequently to supraventricular arrhythmias as serious adverse reactions, especially in the older population. Proper clinical management and effective strategies to ensure medication appropriateness should always be considered to improve patient safety when prescribing drugs.

Prescribed Drugs and Self-Directed Violence: A Descriptive Study in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance Database.

Self-inflicted violence is a major and growing public health problem and its prediction and prevention is challenging for healthcare systems worldwide. Our aim was to identify prescribed drugs associated with self-directed violent behaviors in Spain. A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions corresponding to self-directed violence was recorded in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance Database (FEDRA®) from 1984 to 31 March 2021. A total of 710 cases were reported in the study period. The mean age was 45.52 years (range 1-94). There were no gender differences except in children, where most reports were of male children. The main therapeutic groups that were involved included drugs for the nervous system (64.5%) and anti-infectives for systemic use (13.2%). The most commonly reported drugs were varenicline, fluoxetine, lorazepam, escitalopram, venlafaxine, veralipride, pregabalin, roflumilast and bupropion. There were reports of montelukast, hydroxychloroquine, isotretinoin, methylphenidate, infliximab, natalizumab, ribavirin and efavirenz, which were less known to be involved in self-directed violence. This study shows that self-directed violence is a rare adverse drug reaction, and can be related to the use of some medicines. It is important for healthcare professionals to consider this risk in their clinical praxis, implementing person-centred approaches. Further studies are needed, considering comorbidities and potential interactions.

[A study of incidence and clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients.] / Análisis de la incidencia y de las características clínicas de las reacciones adversas a medicamentos de uso humano en el medio hospitalario.

OBJECTIVE: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are one of the ten main causes of mortality in the world, as a cause of hospital admissions or prolongation hospitalizations days created an important health and economic impact. This study aimed to detect incidence and characterize ADRs that occurred during hospitalization and associated with admission in Internal Medicine service. METHODS: Observational and prospective study of intensive RAM monitoring patients admitted in Internal Medicine services in a third level hospital over a twelve months period in 2014. The assessment consisted of a complete and protocol collecting information about the patients and related to suspected ADRs during hospitalization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.20.0. RESULTS: The study included 253 patients and in 54 (21,34%) ADR were detected, the risk of experiencing an ADR was associated with the age (p=0.012). ADR-related hospitalizations incidence were 7,11%, and fatal ADR incidence were 1,97%. With regard to severity 81,2% were severe. Gastrointestinal disorders represented the most common ADRs followed by metabolism and nutrition disorders and vascular disorders. The drugs most frequently associated with ADRs were cardiovascular agents, antiinfective drugs and central nervous system agents. 72.2% of the patients who suffered ADR had polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: In our study incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients was 21,34%, this data and ADR´s related to admission to hospital or fatal ADR´s are mainly suffered by pluripathology and polymedicated elderly patients with worst renal function values. In these patients a more careful prescription should be made.

OBJETIVO: Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos de uso humano (RAM) son una de las diez principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial, siendo las que causan ingreso o prolongan la estancia hospitalaria las de mayor impacto sanitario y económico. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron conocer la incidencia y las características de las RAM en pacientes hospitalizados en los servicios de Medicina Interna. METODOS: Estudio observacional y prospectivo de monitorización intensiva de RAM de los pacientes ingresados en los servicios de Medicina Interna en un hospital de tercer nivel durante el año 2014. Se protocolizó la recogida de datos relativos al paciente así como las características de las RAM. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS v.20.0. RESULTADOS: Se monitorizaron 253 pacientes. Se detectaron RAM en 54 pacientes (21,34%), encontrándose una asociación positiva entre la edad y la presencia de RAM (p=0.012). La incidencia de ingresos causados por una RAM fue de 7,11% y las RAM mortales fueron un 1,97%. Las RAM fueron graves en el 81,2% de los casos. Los órganos más afectados fueron el gastrointestinal, trastornos del metabolismo y de la nutrición y el vascular. Los grupos terapéuticos causantes de RAM más frecuentes fueron los agentes cardiovasculares, los antinfecciosos y los del sistema nervioso. El 72,2% de los pacientes que sufrieron RAM presentaban polimedicación. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de RAM en nuestro estudio se sitúa en el 21,34%. La carga de ingresos o de mortalidad derivados de una RAM la sufren, fundamentalmente, pacientes ancianos, pluripatológicos, polimedicados y con peores valores de función renal por lo que es en ellos en quien fundamentalmente se debería realizar una prescripción más cuidadosa.

Análisis de la incidencia y de las características clínicas de las reacciones adversas a medicamentos de uso humano en el medio hospitalario / A study of incidence and clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients

Fundamentos: Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos de uso humano (RAM) son una de las diez principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial, siendo las que causan ingreso o prolongan la estancia hospitalaria las de mayor impacto sanitario y económico. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron conocer la incidencia y las características de las RAM en pacientes hospitalizados en los servicios de Medicina Interna. Métodos: Estudio observacional y prospectivo de monitorización intensiva de RAM de los pacientes ingresados en los servicios de Medicina Interna en un hospital de tercer nivel durante el año 2014. Se protocolizó la recogida de datos relativos al paciente así como las características de las RAM. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS v.20.0. Resultados: Se monitorizaron 253 pacientes. Se detectaron RAM en 54 pacientes (21,34%), encontrándose una asociación positiva entre la edad y la presencia de RAM (p=0.012). La incidencia de ingresos causados por una RAM fue de 7,11% y las RAM mortales fueron un 1,97%. Las RAM fueron graves en el 81,2% de los casos. Los órganos más afectados fueron el gastrointestinal, trastornos del metabolismo y de la nutrición y el vascular. Los grupos terapéuticos causantes de RAM más frecuentes fueron los agentes cardiovasculares, los antinfecciosos y los del sistema nervioso. El 72,2% de los pacientes que sufrieron RAM presentaban polimedicación. Conclusión: La incidencia de RAM en nuestro estudio se sitúa en el 21,34%. La carga de ingresos o de mortalidad derivados de una RAM la sufren, fundamentalmente, pacientes ancianos, pluripatológicos, polimedicados y con peores valores de función renal por lo que es en ellos en quien fundamentalmente se debería realizar una prescripción más cuidadosa (AU)

Objectives: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are one of the ten main causes of mortality in the world, as a cause of hospital admissions or prolongation hospitalizations days created an important health and economic impact. This study aimed to detect incidence and characterize ADRs that occurred during hospitalization and associated with admission in Internal Medicine service. Methods: Observational and prospective study of intensive RAM monitoring patients admitted in Internal Medicine services in a third level hospital over a twelve months period in 2014. The assessment consisted of a complete and protocol collecting information about the patients and related to suspected ADRs during hospitalization. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.20.0. Results: The study included 253 patients and in 54 (21,34%) ADR were detected, the risk of experiencing an ADR was associated with the age (p=0.012). ADR-related hospitalizations incidence were 7,11%, and fatal ADR incidence were 1,97%. With regard to severity 81,2% were severe. Gastrointestinal disorders represented the most common ADRs followed by metabolism and nutrition disorders and vascular disorders. The drugs most frequently associated with ADRs were cardiovascular agents, antiinfective drugs and central nervous system agents. 72.2% of the patients who suffered ADR had polypharmacy. Conclusion: In our study incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients was 21,34%, this data and ADR´s related to admission to hospital or fatal ADR´s are mainly suffered by pluripathology and polymedicated elderly patients with worst renal function values. In these patients a more careful prescription should be made (AU)

Teachers' perceptions of physical education content and influences on gender differences / Percepção de professores sobre o conteúdo de educação física e sua influência sobre as diferenças de gênero / Percepción del profesorado sobre los contenidos de educación física y su influencia en las diferencias de género

Boys and girls do not show the same interest in physical education classes. Teachers are the architect so that such participation can achieve the educational and social benefits purported by physical education. The aim of this study was to analyze whether teachers perceive that some contents are more appropriate for boys, excluding girls' participation. The methodology combines two instruments: a questionnaire and a semistructured interview. Participants were 18 Spanish secondary education teachers (14 males and 4 females) of physical education. Teachers think there is still a masculine approach to physical education classes. The boys prefer sports and physical fitness contents, whereas the girls prefer expressive contents, especially dancing. Teachers' suggestions to improve girls' participation are provided that most girls usually grant less importance to the more competitive physical education contents, whereas the majority of boys are more participative and they hardly help the girls. This means that teachers should present the benefits of physical activity in such a way that fulfills their educational purpose.

Os rapazes e as moças não mostram o mesmo interesse pelas classes de educação física. O professor é o responsável por desenhar as atividades para conseguir a participação e os benefícios da atividade física. O propósito deste trabalho é analisar se os professores percebem que os conteúdos são mais apropriados para os rapazes e que excluem as moças da participação. A metodologia utilizada combina os seguintes instrumentos: questionário e entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram 18 professores espanhóis de educação física de ensino secundário (14 homens e 4 mulheres). O professor ainda pensa que existe uma maior presença masculina nas aulas de educação física. Os rapazes preferem os desportos e a condição física, contudo as raparigas preferem os conteúdos expressivos, principalmente a dança. A sugestão dos professores para que as moças melhorem a sua participação é dar menos importância à competição e que os rapazes procurem ajudar a participação das moças. Desta forma, os professores poderão conseguir os objetivos educativos pretendidos da atividade física.

Los chicos y las chicas no muestran el mismo interés por las clases de educación física. El profesorado es el encargado de diseñar las actividades para conseguir la participación y los beneficios de la educación física. El propósito de este estudio ha sido analizar si el profesorado percibe que los contenidos son más apropiados para los chicos, y que excluyen a las chicas en la participación. La metodología utilizada combina dos instrumentos: un cuestionario y una entrevista semiestructurada. Han participado 18 profesores españoles de educación física en educación secundaria (14 hombres y 4 mujeres). El profesorado piensa que todavía hay una presencia más masculina de las clases de educación física. Los chicos prefieren deportes y condición física, mientras que las chicas prefieren contenidos expresivos, principalmente danza. La sugerencia del profesorado para que las chicas mejoren la participación es dar menos importancia a la competición, y que los chicos procuren ayudar a la participación de las chicas. Con ello, el profesorado podrá conseguir los objetivos educativos de actividad física pretendidos.

Making profiles in boys and girls playing basketball / Perfiles decisionales en niños y niñas de baloncesto

Decision-making in players of sports such as basketball is essential to the sport activity itself. For this reason, decision-making is being researched in sports from a range of approaches and angles. The focus of this study is on understanding the decision-making profiles of basketball playing boys and girls (n=63), aged between 10 and 12. They belong to a basketball school with a distinct educational philosophy and an internal competition style that favour educational values required in sports at the initial stages. A descriptive study was conducted by applying a questionnaire on decision-making styles in sports (CETD). The questionnaire results according to the three analysed parameters are as follows: perceived decisional competence, M=2.26 ± 0.2. Anxiety and feeling overwhelmed when making decisions, M=2.36 ± 0.3. Tactical learning commitment, M=3.43 ± 0.3. These results have allowed the acquisition of greater knowledge about the players being analysed in terms of their perception on how they make decisions in training and competition, thus allowing the application of certain teaching strategies, enabling them to progress in basketball skills

La toma de decisiones de los jugadores en deportes como el baloncesto, es consustancial al propio deporte. Por este motivo, la decisión es objeto de investigación en el ámbito deportivo, abordándola desde diferentes enfoques y perspectivas. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer el perfil decisional de un grupo de niños y niñas que practican baloncesto (n=63), con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y 12 años. Pertenecen a una escuela de baloncesto con una marcada filosofía educativa y un tipo de competición interna favorecedora de los valores educativos necesarios para la práctica deportiva en las etapas de iniciación. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo aplicando el cuestionario de estilos al decidir en el deporte (CETD). Los resultados obtenidos según las tres dimensiones analizadas del cuestionario fueron: competencia decisional percibida, M=2.26 ± 0.2. Ansiedad y agobio al decidir, M=2.36 ± 0.3. Compromiso en el aprendizaje táctico, M=3.43 ± 0.3. Estos resultados han permitido obtener mayor conocimiento de los jugadores y jugadoras analizados en cuanto a su percepción sobre cómo deciden en el entrenamiento y la competición y, de este modo, poder aplicar determinadas estrategias didácticas que les permita progresar en el aprendizaje del baloncesto