Intra-oral mandibular sagittal osteotomy technique to correct mandibular distocclusion and mesio-occlusion. Study in canine cadavers.

Skeletal malocclusions may be due to disturbances in the growth of the mandible or maxilla. In most cases, discomfort is the result of tooth-to-tooth malocclusion or tooth-to-soft-tissue contact. Currently, in veterinary medicine, these problems are treated palliatively. In humans, orthognathic surgery is indicated to correct severe skeletal malocclusions, offering aesthetic and functional benefits to the patients. This research evaluated the effects of an intra-oral mandibular sagittal split osteotomy in 20 dog cadavers with skeletal malocclusion. After sagittal osteotomy and mandibular repositioning, the osteotomies were fixed with titanium mini-plates and 1.5 mm diameter screws or 1.5 mm bicortical screws. The statistical analysis revealed a significant occlusion difference in the treated cadavers (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). In 19/20 cadavers there was correction of the angular osteotomy while the mandibular alveolar vessels and nerve were preserved during osteotomy and fixation in all cadavers. In conclusion, intra-oral mandible sagittal osteotomy allowed correction of malocclusion in cadavers. However, it would be important to prepare a preoperative orthodontic-surgical treatment plan to obtain a satisfactory occlusion during the surgery in clinical patients.

Prevalência de neoplasias da cavidade oral de cães atendidos no Centro Odontológico Veterinário - Odontovet®-SP - entre 1994 e 2003 / Prevalence of oral cavity neoplasias in dogs attended in the Centro Odontológico Veterinário - Odontovet®-SP - from 1994 to 2003 / Prevalência de las neoplasias de la cavidad oral de perros atendidos en el centro odontológico veterinário - odontovet® - entre 1994 y 2003

A cavidade oral a faringe ocupam o quarto lugar em incidência de neoplasias malignas no corpo do cão doméstico. As neoplasias orais malignas mais comuns são melanoma, o carcinoma de células escamosas e o fibrossarcoma. A epúlide e a papilomatose oral respondem pela grande maioria das neoplasias orais benignas em carnívoros domésticos. Em geral, a literatura relata que os machos são mais freqüentemente acometidos que as fêmeas. A maioria dos casos atinge animais de idade média a avançada, ainda que não sejam raros os acometimentos em animais jovens. Raças como o Cocker Spaniel, o Pastor Alemão e o Boxer são amplamente citadas como as mais predispostas a formações neoplásicas. Neste trabalho, foram estudados os casos de neoplasia oral, comprovados por exame histopatológico, que foram atendidos no Centro Odontológico Veterinário – Odontovet® - SP – entre os anos de 1994 e 2003. De todos os atendimentos de cães, 5,2% foram destinados ao tratamento de formações neoplásicas orais. Noventa e uma formações (45,5%) eram neoplasias de caráter benigno e 100 (50%) eram malignas. Os outros 4,5% dos casos correspondem a tumores diversos e de ocorrência rara na cavidade oral de cães. O melanoma maligno foi o tumor mais freqüente (53% dos casos) seguido pelo carcinoma espino-celular (21%) e pelo fibrossarcoma (11%). A epúlide respondeu pela grande maioria das formações benignas (50%). A idade média dos cães acometidos por lesões malignas foi de 7,3 anos e de 8,5 para aqueles acometidos por lesões benignas. Os animais mais acometidos foram os sem raça definida (SRD) (30 casos), Poodle (27 casos), Cocker Spaniel (18), Pastor Alemão (16), Boxer (15) e Dobermann Pinscher (12). No Brasil, Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, Pastores Alemães, Boxers e os SRDs estão entre os que mais freqüentemente são conduzidos ao atendimento odontológico para avaliação de tumefações em cavidade oral.

The oral cavity and the pharynx are responsible for the fourth most attacked site by malignant neoplasias. The most common malignant oral tumors in dogs are the melanoma, the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the fi brossarcoma. The epulis and the oral papiloma are the most frequent benign tumors in the domestic carnivorous. Papers report that neoplasia occur in male dogs more than in females. The majority of it occur in middle or advanced age, although it is not rare to occur in young dogs. The Cocker Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog and the Boxer are the most frequently attacked by tumors. This work compiled the oral neoplasia diagnosed by histopathologic exam by the Centro Odontológico Veterinário ­ Odontovet®-SP ­ from 1994 to 2003. Of all dogs, 5.2% were submmitted to treatment of oral neoformation. Ninety one (45,5%) were benign tumors and a hundred (50%) were malignant. The other 4,5% were mixed and rare oral tumors. The malignant melanoma was the most commonly observed (53%) followed by SCC (21%) and by fi brossarcoma (11%). The epúlide was the most frequent of the benign tumors (50%). The mean age of the dogs with malignant neoformations was around 7.3 years old and with benign, around 8.5 years old. Mixed breed was the most involved (30 cases), followed by Poodle (27), Cocker Spaniel (18), German Shepherd Dog (16), Boxer (15) and Dobermann Pinscher (12). In Brazil, Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, German Shepard, Boxers and the mixed breeds are frequently refered to dental exams or to oral tumor treatment.

La cavidad oral y la faringe de los perros corresponden al cuarto local más acometido por los tumores malignos. Las neoplasías orales malignas más comunes en perros son el melanoma, el carcinoma de células escamosas y el fi brosarcoma. El epúlide y la papilomatosis responden por gran parte de los acometimientos benignos de los carnívoros domésticos. En general, la literatura relata las hembras como siendo menos afectadas que los machos. Gran parte de los casos alcanzan animales con edad media o avanzada, pero no son raros los acometimientos en los animales jóvenes. Razas como el Cocker Spaniel, el Pastor Alemán y el Boxer son ampliamente citadas como las más predispuestas a neoformaciones neoplásicas. En este estudio, fueron acompañados los casos de neoplasía oral comprobados por examen histopatológico que fueron atendidos en el Centro Odontológico Veterinario ­ Odontovet® - entre los años de 1994 y 2003. De todos los perros atendidos, 5,2% fueron destinados al tratamiento de formaciones neoplásicas orales. Noventa y una formaciones (el 45,5%) fueron neoplasías de caracter benigno y 100 (el 50%) fueron malignas. Los otros 4,5% de los casos correspondieron a tumores diversos y raros de ser encontrados en la cavidad oral de perros. El melanoma maligno fue el tumor más frecuente (el 53% de los casos), seguido por el carcinoma espino-celular (el 21%) y fi brosarcoma (el 11%). El epúlide respondió por la grand mayoría de las formaciones benignas (el 50%). La edad media de los perros acometidos por lesiones malignas fue de 7,3 años y por lesiones benignas, 8,5 años. Los animales más acometidos fueron los mestizos (30 casos), Poodle (27 casos), Cocker Spaniel (18), Pastor Alemán (16), Boxer (15) y Dobermann Pinscher (12). En Brasil, Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, Pastores Alemanes, Boxers y mestizos están entre los animales que más frecuentemente son conducidos a los atendimientos odontológicos para evaluación de las neoformaciones en la cavidad oral.

A clinical trial of the effect of a mouth-rinse prepared with Lippia sidoides Cham essential oil in dogs with mild gingival disease.

We evaluated the effect of a mouth-rinse prepared using Lippia sidoides essential oil (EO) in dogs with marginal gingivitis. German Shepherd dogs were distributed in two groups: control (control mouth-rinse) and EO (EO mouth-rinse). Both mouth-rinses were applied on the dogs' teeth every 2 days for 2 weeks. At day 0 and day 15, the scores for plaque-bacteria (P), calculus (C), gingivitis (G) and the inflammatory infiltrate (INF) were evaluated blindly. The results were analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney tests (P

The histological effects of four endodontic sealers implanted in the oral mucosa: submucous injection versus implant in polyethylene tubes.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate pigmentation and tissue response to four endodontic sealers placed in the oral mucosa of rabbits by either submucous injection or implant in polyethylene tubes. METHODOLOGY: Thirty white New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into two groups of eight for N-Rickert and AH-26, and two groups of seven for Fillcanal and Sealer 2 6. On the right side of the filter, corresponding to the gingivo-labial sulcus in humans, the sealer was injected; on the left side the sealer was placed within a polyethylene tube and implanted. Direct clinical observations were made at 30, 60 and 90 days. The animals were then sacrificed for histological analysis. RESULTS: After 60 days of observation N-Rickert and AH-26 produced tattoos that became larger by 90 days. Submucous injection produced larger and more numerous pigmentation, when compared to implant in polyethylene tubes. N-Rickert sealer displayed larger and more numerous tattoos when compared to AH-26. Histological analysis showed no differences between the two methods of implantation. All sealers elicited some kind of inflammatory response; the most irritant was Fillcanal, followed by N-Rickert and AH-26. Sealer 26 elicited a mild reaction only. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study there was no relationship between the method of implantation and the tissue response; the silver-containing sealers produced pigmentation, and the concentration of silver influenced the quantity and size of the tattoos. The sealers elicited various responses when in direct contact with the surrounding tissues: the calcium hydroxide-containing sealer had enhanced healing when compared to the other sealers.

Mandible and mandibular first molar tooth measurements in dogs: relationship of radiographic height to body weight.

Height measurements of the mandible and the mandibular first molar tooth were obtained from 234 dogs. Statistical analysis was performed to determine possible associations between these measurements and body weight, sex, age, and body condition. There was a statistically significant association between the mandible: mandibular first molar tooth height measurement ratio and body weight (p < 0.0001) in all body weight groups. Small dogs had proportionally larger mandibular first molar teeth relative to mandibular height compared with larger dogs. This relationship may contribute to an increased susceptibility in small dogs for periodontitis and subsequent tooth loss. There was no statistically significant association between the mandible: mandibular first molar tooth height measurement ratio and other parameters evaluated in this study.

Non-apical root canal ramifications in the teeth of dogs.

The roots of 130 extracted teeth were examined for non-apical ramifications from the main canal. Following decalcification and dehydration, the root canals were identified with an Indian ink gel. Secondary canals were found in 4 of the 130 teeth (2.4%), and stumps that may represent incomplete lateral canals were identified in two teeth. We conclude that non-apical root canal ramifications are much less common in dogs compared to humans.

Evaluation of electronic method in determining the root canal length in teeth of dogs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of electronic apex locators to determine the root canal length in teeth of dogs. For this purpose, APIT and ENDOSONIC units, which are third generation apex locator devices, were used to identify the root length in 58 teeth (82 roots). The electronic method was compared to radiographic and tactile sense methods. The results showed that APIT and ENDOSONIC devices were ineffective when used to determine the root canal length in 2-3 year-old dogs. A beep indicating the canal depth was heard in only two of 82 (2.4%) canals. The digital-tactile sense method with radiographic confirmation is more appropriate for root length measurement than the electronic method during endodontic therapy in dogs.