Instructional videos for parents/guardians of children with lip and palate clefts: integrative literature review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review literature from the past five years, focusing on the use of educational videos as a guidance tool for parents and guardians of children with lip and palate clefts. SOURCE OF DATA: Conducted between April and July 2022, this integrative literature review was framed around the question: 'What is the evidence regarding the use of videos in health education for parents/guardians of children with cleft lip and palate? PICO strategy was used to develop the research. A literature search was undertaken across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Virtual Health Library databases. Of the eight articles included in this review, four were sourced from the PubMed database, with three published in 2021. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The findings indicated that YouTube videos were moderately satisfactory and met the needs of parents or legal guardians to a partial extent. The majority of the videos analyzed in this review were characterized by a moderate level of informational content. One study particularly underscored that the content of these videos only partially satisfies the requirements of the parents or legal guardians of the children. CONCLUSIONS: Nevertheless, such videos are considered viable alternatives for health education, offering numerous benefits yet facing challenges, primarily due to the scarcity of information on orofacial malformations.

Teaching Cellular Architecture: The Global Status of Histology Education.

Histology or microanatomy is the science of the structure and function of tissues and organs in metazoic organisms at the cellular level. By definition, histology is dependent on a variety of microscope techniques, usually light or more recently virtual, as well as electron microscopy. Since its inception more than two centuries ago, histology has been an integral component of biomedical education, specifically for medical, dental, and veterinary students. Traditionally, histology has been taught in two sequential phases, first a didactic transfer of information to learners and secondly a laboratory segment in which students develop the skill of analyzing micrographic images. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of how histology is currently taught in different global regions. This overview also outlines which educational strategies and technologies are used, and how the local and cultural environment influences the histology education of medical and other students in different countries and continents. Also discussed are current trends that change the teaching of this basic science subject.

In vitro anti-inflammatory activity and ameliorative effects on gastric ulcers of Licania rigida benth seed extract.

Licania rigida Benth., a Brazilian endemic plant, has been traditionally used for treating inflammation and stomach pain. This work investigates the anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities of the ethanolic extract from L. rigida seeds (EELr) by in vitro and in vivo methods. The phytochemical profile was determined and the in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated by radical scavenging and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances methods. The ovalbumin denaturation method was used with sodium diclofenac as standard for the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity assessment. Acetylsalicylic acid was used to induce gastric ulcers in male mice and then to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic gastroprotective effect of EELr, using omeprazole as the reference drug. The extract exhibited relevant amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, in particular, demonstrating in vitro antioxidant capacity. EELr was able to inhibit almost 60% of ovalbumin denaturation at a concentration considered low. It also prevented the decrease of biochemical markers for oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the stomach and SOD and catalase (CAT) in the liver. EELr also significantly decreased the number of lesions as well as reduced the ulcerated area when used as therapy. The observed effect may be due to its phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and tannins, as previously reported. EELr is a potential source of compounds with anti-inflammatory activity, protects the liver from oxidative damage and improves healing of aspirin-induced ulcers. This work contributes to the knowledge of L. rigida species.

Virtual Microscopy Goes Global: The Images Are Virtual and the Problems Are Real.

For the last two centuries, the scholarly education of histology and pathology has been based on technology, initially on the availability of low-cost, high-quality light microscopes, and more recently on the introduction of computers and e-learning approaches to biomedical education. Consequently, virtual microscopy (VM) is replacing glass slides and the traditional light microscope as the main instruments of instruction in histology and pathology laboratories. However, as with most educational changes, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with a new technology. The use of VM for the teaching of histology and pathology requires an extensive infrastructure and the availability of computing devices to all learners, both posing a considerable financial strain on schools and students. Furthermore, there may be valid reasons for practicing healthcare professionals to maintain competency in using light microscopes. In addition, some educators may be reluctant to embrace new technologies. These are some of the reasons why the introduction of VM as an integral part of histology and pathology instruction has been globally uneven. This paper compares the teaching of histology and pathology using traditional or VM in five different countries and their adjacent regions, representing developed, as well as developing areas of the globe. We identify general and local roadblocks to the introduction of this still-emerging didactic technology and outline solutions for overcoming these barriers.

Potent anti-inflammatory activity of the lectin-like domain of TNF in joints.

In view of the crucial role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in joint destruction, TNF inhibitors, including neutralizing anti-TNF antibodies and soluble TNF receptor constructs, are commonly used therapeutics for the treatment of arthropathies like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, not all patients achieve remission; moreover, there is a risk of increased susceptibility to infection with these agents. Spatially distinct from its receptor binding sites, TNF harbors a lectin-like domain, which exerts unique functions that can be mimicked by the 17 residue solnatide peptide. This domain binds to specific oligosaccharides such as N'N'-diacetylchitobiose and directly target the α subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. Solnatide was shown to have anti-inflammatory actions in acute lung injury and glomerulonephritis models. In this study, we evaluated whether the lectin-like domain of TNF can mitigate the development of immune-mediated arthritis in mice. In an antigen-induced arthritis model, solnatide reduced cell influx and release of pro-inflammatory mediators into the joints, associated with reduction in edema and tissue damage, as compared to controls indicating that TNF has anti-inflammatory effects in an acute model of joint inflammation via its lectin-like domain.

Quantitative evaluation of very early cartilage damage in experimental osteoarthritis using scanning electron microscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe parametric changes observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in very early stages in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) models in mice. METHODS: Mice (5/group) had their knees subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), ACLT plus meniscectomy (MNCT) or sham surgery, sacrificed after 3, 7 or 14 days, had the articular cartilage evaluated under optical microscopy using Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) parameters as well as cartilage thickness, roughness, and a damage index using SEM. RESULTS: Alterations of the cartilage under optical microscopy were not significantly relevant among groups. SEM analysis revealed reduction of femoral and tibial cartilage thickness in ACLT and MNCT groups at 7 and 14 days, with increased cartilage roughness in MNCT group as early as 3 days postsurgery, being sustained up to 14 days. Articular damage index was significantly higher at 14 days post surgery in ACLT and MNCT vs control groups. CONCLUSION: This is the first demonstration of very early quantitative changes in the cartilage of mice subjected to posttraumatic experimental OA using SEM, revealing increased roughness and thickness as early as 3 days post surgery. These changes may be used as early surrogates for later joint damage in experimental OA.

Histopatologia da placenta de gestantes infectadas pelo coronavírus tipo 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave / Histopathology of placenta in pregnant women infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirustype 2 / Histopatología de laplacenta enmujeres embarazadasinfectadas por síndrome respiratorio agudo grave coronavirus tipo 2

Objetivo: Identificar e avaliar as evidências científicas relacionadas aos principais achados histopatológicos observados na placenta de gestantes infectadas pelo coronavírus tipo 2 da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave(SARS-CoV-2). Método:Trata-se de revisão integrativa conduzida nas bases de dados CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, em fevereiro de 2021. Baseada na estratégia PICO, foi formulada a pergunta norteadora"Quais os achados histopatológicos observados na placenta em gestantes infectadas por SARS-CoV-2?". A busca nasbasesde dados foi realizada, utilizando descritores "Coronavirus Infections" e "Placenta Diseases", palavra-chave "Histopathological" e operador booleano And.Resultados: Das cinco publicações incluídas, 80,0% constavam na PubMede 60,0% tinham sido publicadas em revistas de Patologia. Destacou-se, como acometimento histopatológico placentário, a má perfusão vascular materna.Conclusão:Apesar dos estudos terem sido publicados principalmente em base de dados de relevância e em idioma universal, sua condução se restringiu especialmente em um determinado país, ano e revista especializada, além de adotarem um tipo de pesquisa com baixo nível de evidência. Embora os artigos não tenham se limitado a identificar, explorar e avaliar achados histopatológicos, eles apontaram, como principais fenômenos histopatológicos, a má perfusão vascular materna, infarto viloso, corioamnionite, maturação vilosa acelerada, arteriopatia deciduale deciduíte linfoplasmocitária crônica.

Objective: To identify and evaluate the scientific evidence related to the main histopathological findings observed in the placenta of pregnant women infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome type 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Method:This is an integrative review conducted in the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, in February 2021. Based on the PICO strategy, the guiding question "What histopathological findings observed in the placenta in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2?". The search in the databases was performed using the descriptors "Coronavirus Infections" and "Placenta Diseases", keyword "Histopathological" and Boolean operator And. Results:Of the five publications included, 80.0% were in PubMed and 60.0% had been published in journals of Pathology. The poor maternal vascular perfusion was highlighted as placental histopathological involvement. Conclusion:Although the studies were published mainly in a relevant database and in a universal language, their conduct was restricted especially in a specific country, year and specialized journal, in addition to adopting a type of research with a low level of evidence. Although the articles were not limited to identifying, exploring and evaluating histopathological findings, they pointed out, as the main histopathological phenomena, poor maternal vascular perfusion, villous infarction, chorioamnionitis, accelerated villous maturation, decidual arteriopathy and chronic lymphoplasmacytic deciduitis.

Objetivo: Identificar y evaluar la evidencia científica relacionada con los principales hallazgos histopatológicos observados en la placenta de gestantes infectadas por el coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Método:Se trata de una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, en febrero de 2021. Con base en la estrategia PICO, la pregunta orientadora "¿Qué hallazgos histopatológicos observados en la placenta en mujeresembarazadas infectadas con SARS-CoV -2? ". La búsqueda en las bases de datos se realizó mediante los descriptores "Infecciones por coronavirus" y "Enfermedades de la placenta", palabra clave "Histopatológico" y operador booleano Y. Resultados:De las cinco publicaciones incluidas, el 80,0% estaban en PubMed y el 60,0% habían sido publicadas en revistas de Patología. La mala perfusión vascular materna se destacó como afectación histopatológica placentaria. Conclusión:si bien los estudios se publicaron principalmente en una base de datos relevante y en un idioma universal, su realización se restringió especialmente en un país, año y revista especializada, además de adoptar un tipo de investigación con bajo nivel de evidencia. Si bien los artículos no se limitaron a identificar, explorar y evaluar hallazgos histopatológicos, señalaron como principales fenómenos histopatológicos la mala perfusión vascular materna, el infarto de vellosidades, la corioamnionitis, la maduración acelerada de las vellosidades, la arteriopatía decidual y la deciduitis linfoplasmocítica crónica.

Digital information and communication technologies on histology learning: What to expect?-An integrative review.

This integrative review summarizes the scientific evidence about the use of information and communication technologies in the teaching of histology and discusses its implications. The authors used the descriptors 'Educational Technology', 'Information Technology', 'Histology', 'Teaching', 'Learning', and their corresponding Portuguese translation for a comprehensive search of the published literature. This research was performed in May 2020 and targeted the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, WOS, and SCOPUS databases. Studies published between 2010 and 2020 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included in the analysis. After excluding dissertations, reports, and duplicate reviews, 11 articles were identified for an in-depth analysis, which discussed the use of different technologies, such as digital platforms, mobile apps, virtual microscopy, and video classes for the teaching of histology. All studies concluded that these technologies could have a considerable impact, both positive and negative, on academic performance, the correct interpretation of histological structures, as well as students' motivation and satisfaction. The authors' analysis indicates that the use of the above-mentioned technologies in combination with traditional methods has the potential of transforming the teaching and learning process for histology. However, how such technologies impact students' learning success needs to be carefully considered.

The effect of high concentration of zoledronic acid on tooth induced movement and its repercussion on root, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissues in rats.

Zoledronic acid (ZA) is often prescribed for osteoporosis or resorptive metabolic bone disease. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ZA on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and root and bone resorption and its repercussion on root, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissues. The experimental group consisted of 72 Wistar rats divided in four subgroups: Naive, Saline and Zoledronic Acid groups at the concentration of 0.2 mg/kg [ZA (0.2)] or 1.0 mg/kg [ZA (1.0)]. The animals were subjected to i.v (dorsal penile vein) administrations of ZA or saline solution, on days 0, 7, 14 and 42. Under anesthesia, NiTi springs were installed in the first left maxillary molar with 50gf allowing the OTM, except for the negative control group (N) for mesial movement of the left first maxillary teeth. The animals were sacrificed and maxillae were removed for macroscopic and histopathological analyzes, scanning electron microscopy, computerized microtomography and confocal microscopy. Treatment with ZA decreased the OTM and the number of osteoclasts and loss of alveolar bone when compared to the naive and saline groups. Reduction of radicular resorption, increased necrotic areas and reduced vascularization in the periodontal ligament were observed in the ZA groups. ZA interferes with OTM and presents anti-resorptive effects on bone and dental tissues associated with a decreased vascularization, without osteonecrosis.