Evaluation of the repellent effects of Nepeta parnassica extract, essential oil, and its major nepetalactone metabolite against mosquitoes.

The dichloromethane-methanol extract, the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from Nepeta parnassica, and the isolated 4aα,7α,7aß-nepetalactone were evaluated for their repellent effect against the mosquitoes Aedes (Stegomyia) cretinus Edwards and Culex pipiens pipiens biotype molestus Forskål. The chemical analysis of N. parnassica essential oil, dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (87 %), revealed 4aα,7α,7aß-nepetalactone (36.8%), 1,8-cineole (25.5%), and 4aα,7ß,7aß-nepetalactone (11.1%) as the major constituents. The results of the insect bioassays showed that the essential oil and the dichloromethane-methanol extract of N. parnassica were very active against Aedes cretinus for up to 3 h and against Culex pipiens for up to 2 h post application. The isolated 4aα,7α,7aß-nepetalactone showed very high mosquito repellency for periods of at least 2 h against both species.

Priority of resection in concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and colorectal cancer (CRC): review of the literature and experience of our clinic.

The concomitant occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and colorectal cancer (CRC), although rare, always represents a therapeutic dilemma. The incidence of coexistence ranges between 0.49 and 2.1%. Both lesions should be treated to achieve best life expectancy. But the main controversy revolves around whether to treat them simultaneously or as staged procedures. In our institution, we treated seven cases of concomitant AAA and CRC. In five of them, synchronous conventional resection was preferred. In the latest two, which we present, endovascular aortic repair was chosen. No graft infection was documented.