Causes of volcanic unrest at Mt. Spurr in 2004-2005 inferred from repeated tomography.

Mt. Spurr is the largest active volcano in Alaska of high explosive potential. The most recent activity, including two recent magmatic eruptions in 1953 and 1992, has occurred via the flanking Crater Peak. From 2004 to 2006, strong seismicity, gas flux, and heating were observed in the summit area, which had remained inactive for more than 5 Ka. To understand the cause of this reactivation, we performed repeated tomography inversions that clearly imaged the magma reservoir beneath Mt. Spurr and showed temporal changes in its shape and intensity. During the two years preceding the unrest, we observed ascension of the upper limit of the reservoir-related anomaly from a depth of 5 to 3 km below the surface, accompanied by strong seismicity. During the following years, the shape of the anomaly remained unchanged, but its intensity weakened. These observations may indicate the release of fluids from the ductile reservoir and fast upward ascent through the brittle cover that caused intensive seismicity and gas flux during the unrest from 2004 to 2006. The origin of this zone will possibly cause a resumption of explosive eruptions in the summit area of Mt. Spurr.

[X-ray guided endovascular repair of venous bed of contracted kidney from pyelonephritis in the treatment of renal hypertension and chronic renal failure]. / Rentgenoéndovaskuliarnaia rekonstruktsiia venoznogo rusla pielonefriticheski smorshchennoi pochki pri lechenii nefrogenni gipertonii i khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

For compensation for chronic ischemia of the pyelonephritically contracted kidney, the authors used X-ray endovascular venous revascularization for the first time. The surgical intervention was to stenose the subsegmental veins of the diseased kidney, resulting in recanalization of the arterial system. The outcomes of X-ray treatment were analyzed in 38 patients with chronic degree I-II renal failure and nephrogenic hypertension. In 35 (92.1%) patients of them, there was improvement in the clinical picture of the underlying disease and in the filtrating and reabsorbing function of the kidney operated on, an increase in its sizes, and a decrease in systemic blood pressure.

[Clinical application of X-ray endovascular revascularization of pyelonephritic kidney: first experience]. / Pervyí opyt klinicheskogo primeneniia rentgenoéndovaskuliarnoí revaskuliarizatsii pielonefriticheskoí pochki.

For compensation of schronic ischemia of the pyelonephritically afflicted kidney, the authors first used peripheral venous revascularization. The surgical intervention involved X-ray endovascular stenosing of the subsegmental renal veins. Local rearrangement of venous circulation provided a better ischemic tolerance due to more complete oxygen uptake from the highly oxygenized renal venous blood. The results of peripheral venous revascularization were analyzed. There were improvements in the clinical presentation of the underlying disease, in the filtration and reabsorption of the kidney exposed to operation, and a reduction in blood pressure.

[Value of statistical analysis of cardiac rhythm for the prognosis of electric instability in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. / Znachenie statisticheskogo analiza ritma serdtsa v prognozirovanii élektricheskoi nestabil'nosti u bol'nykh ostrym infarktom miokarda.

Patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute hemodynamic disorders were divided into 2 groups: 56 patients with severe arrthythmias (group 1) and 29 patients without heart rhythm disorders (group 2). Sinus rhythm analysis, making use of the computer technology and a specifically designed cardiac rhythm analyzer, RKAS-1, demonstrated changes, typical for patients at risk for severe arrhythmias. Segments of rigid rhythm alternating with those of high variability on the rhythmogram are a visual sign of electric instability of the heart. This rhythmic variability may be qualified as a result of discrupted adaptation of the sinus node. Mathematical analysis of statistical rhythm characteristics demonstrated typical indicators of the risk of electric instability. They are sigma 15 min between 2.73 and 7.4 ms and RR/sigma between 10.5 and 41.1, while P3 is less than 25%.

[Clinical value of statistical analysis of cardiac rhythm in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie ststisticheskogo analiza ritma serdtsa u bo'lnykh ostrym infarktom miokarda.

Sinus rhythm was analysed by 1250 rhythmograms, using a computer and a specially-designed cardiac rhythm analyzer RKAS-01, in 220 patients with acute myocardial infarction on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 40 after the attack. A combination of rhythm structure indicators, reflecting the severity of cardiac affection in a more complete fashion has been evolved. It comprises 6 parameters: sigma 15 min, P1, P2, P3, RR/sigma, sigma pp. As the severity of the condition increases, there is an adaptive decrease in rhythm variability, which is reflected in decreased sigma 15 min and sigma pp and increased P1, P2, P3, and RR/sigma. Adaptive regulation was disrupted in 1/4 of the grave cases which was reflected in alternating low-variability and high-variability segments on the rhythmogram. The predictive value of the combination and its significance for the monitoring of patients with acute myocardial infarction are demonstrated.

[Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of myocardial infarct patient rehabilitation (posthospital phase)]. / Kriterii otsenki éffektivnosti reabilitatsii bol'nykh infarktom miokarda (postgospital'naia faza).

On the basis of the analysis of a 24- to 30-month posthospital phase of rehabilitation in 486 patients with myocardial infarction, critera were elaborated for dividing them into 4 classes with mathematically determined severity index. Criteria for analysing rehabilitation efficacy available for wide practice and a definite algorithm for differentiated management of patients with stage by stage appraisal of the condition and reaching alternate decisions are suggested. The strict dependence of the results of the post-hospital rehabilitation phase on the appraisal of the patients, condition and the corresponding correction of the rehabilitation program is shown.

[Ways to increase the information content in the automatic processing of instrumental data in cardiology]. / Puti povysheniia informativnosti pri avtomaticheskoi obrabotke instrumental'nykh dannykh v kardiologii.

New algorithms for the analysis of sinus rhythm and doppler-cardiogram of the posterior wall of the left ventricle are suggested. Clinically invormative signs have been revealed: number of classes of R--R intervals, distance between the centers of the classes, regular distribution of R--R intervals according to classes, and the value of the doppler-cardiogram spectrum harmonics I/II ratio. The possibility of using these signs in the systems of automatic analysis of data in examination of patients with ischemic heart disease is shown.