Polymer-Supported Phosphoric, Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids-From Synthesis to Properties and Applications in Separation Processes.

Efficient separation technologies are crucial to the environment and world economy. The challenge posed to scientists is how to engineer selectivity towards a targeted substrate, especially from multicomponent solutions. Polymer-supported reagents have gained a lot of attention in this context, as they eliminate a lot of inconveniences concerning widely used solvent extraction techniques. Nevertheless, the choice of an appropriate ligand for immobilization may be derived from the behavior of soluble compounds under solvent extraction conditions. Organophosphorus compounds play a significant role in separation science and technology. The features they possess, such as variable oxidation states, multivalence, asymmetry and metal-binding properties, highlight their status as a unique and versatile class of compounds, capable of selective separations proceeding through different mechanisms. This review provides a detailed survey of polymers containing phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic acid functionalities in the side chain and covers main advances in the preparation and application of these materials in separation science, including the most relevant synthesis routes (Arbuzov, Perkow, Mannich, Kabachnik-Fields reactions, etc.), as well as the main stages in the development of organophosphorus resins and the most important achievements in the field.

Chlorido[2,15-dimethyl-3,7,10,14,20-penta-azabicyclo-[14.3.1]eicosa-1(20),2,14,16,18-penta-ene]manganese(II) perchlorate acetonitrile solvate.

The Mn ion in the title complex, [MnCl(C(17)H(27)N(5))]ClO(4)·CH(3)CN, is six-coordinated with a geometry inter-mediate between penta-gonal pyramidal and heavily distorted octa-hedral. In the macrocycle, the pyridinium ring makes a large dihedral angle of 63.70 (9)° with the best plane through the remaining four N atoms. This feature is common for 17-membered N(5) rings, in contrast to their 16- and 15-membered analogues which often form planar N(5) systems. In the crystal, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O interactions help to establish the packing. The perchlorate counter-ion is rotationally disordered around the chlorine centre, with occupation factors of 0.74 (1) and 0.26 (1).