RESUMO
The major sources of the data on the hematological malignancies in the post-Chernobyl period in the regions of Ukraine differing by the levels of the residual contamination with radionuclides have been analyzed. According to the data collected from the primary hematological facilities in Ukraine in 2010-2017, the incidence of lymphoid neoplasms from mature B cells, acute myeloid leukemia, and multiple myeloma in the most contaminated regions was higher than in the less contaminated ones. For the first time, the relative contribution of the several specific types of leukemia in the total diagnosed hematological malignancies has been analyzed throughout 1997-2017 based on the in-house database compiled by the Reference Laboratory of RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In 2011-2017, the Reference Laboratory provided the diagnostic studies in about 26% of all Ukrainian patients with tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (34% of patients with different forms of acute and chronic leukemia). The increased proportion of acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the total diagnosed cases of overall leukemia in the patients from contaminated regions has been demonstrated following Chernobyl accident.
Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Incidência , Leucemia/epidemiologia , Leucemia/etiologia , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Linfoma/etiologia , Masculino , Dados Preliminares , Cinza Radioativa/efeitos adversos , Cinza Radioativa/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema de Registros , Ucrânia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor in cancer and NF-κB activation has been seen in angiogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Relationships between specific NF-κB gene networks, leukemogenesis, and radiation exposure are still unknown. Our aim was to study the expression levels of the NF-κB1, NF-κB2, and Rel genes in hematological malignancies in the post-Chernobyl period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed gene expression levels of NF-κB1, NF-κB2, and Rel in 49 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 8 B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 3 acute myeloid leukemia, 3 chronic myeloid leukemia, 2 hairy cell leukemia, 2 myelodysplastic syndrome, and 2 T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia patients using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Expression levels of NF-κB1, NF-κB2, and Rel genes were found to be deregulated. CONCLUSION: These results could be accepted as specific gene traces to radiation-induced leukemia or as potential candidates for new diagnostic biomarker studies. Larger experiments and non-exposed control malignant cell populations are needed to clarify these suggestions.
Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Genes rel , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/genética , Linfoma/genética , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/genética , Subunidade p52 de NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/genética , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/genética , Fator de Transcrição RelA/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/epidemiologia , Leucemia Induzida por Radiação/etiologia , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Linfoma/etiologia , Linfoma/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/epidemiologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/etiologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/biossíntese , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/biossíntese , Subunidade p52 de NF-kappa B/biossíntese , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Fator de Transcrição RelA/biossíntese , Ucrânia/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The studies of the recent decades posed the question of the association between radiation exposure and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This association has been proved in secondary MDS originating upon exposure to chemotherapeutics and/or radiation therapy. The long-term study in Japanese atomic (A)-bomb survivors demonstrated the significant linear dose-response for MDS confirming the link between radiation exposure and this form of hematopoietic malignancies. All these findings provide the strong basis for studying MDS in the persons exposed to radiation following the Chernobyl disaster, especially those in the cohort of Chernobyl clean-up workers of 1986-1987. The data on MDS among Chernobyl clean-up workers (1986-1987) diagnosed in 1996-2012 at the reference laboratory of RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology are summarized. MDS cases were diagnosed in 23 persons (21 males and 2 females) having been exposed to radiation as clean-up workers of 1986-1987. Refractory anemia (RA) has been detected in 13, refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS)-in 2, and refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)-in 8 patients. The median age of those MDS patients was 62.0 years. In addition, 5 cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) were recorded in the group of Chernobyl clean-up workers with the median time of 14.8 years from 1986-1987 to diagnosis. The association between radiation exposure and MDS is discussed. The suggested life-long risk for myelodysplastic syndromes among A-bomb survivors in Japan highlights the importance of the continuing follow-up studies in the affected populations in the post-Chernobyl period.