RESUMO
Nardostachys jatamansi is a medicinally important herb of Indian origin used for centuries in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi rhizomes on doxorubicin induced myocardial injury with respect to lipid metabolism in serum and heart of Wistar albino rats. Altered lipid metabolism alters the cardiac function which is mainly due to changes in the property of the cardiac cell membrane. Doxorubicin exhibits cardiotoxicity by inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in the heart. The rats treated with a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally showed an increase in serum and cardiac lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids), along with a significant rise in serum low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and drop in high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels, resulting in alteration of serum and cardiac lipid metabolizing enzymes. Pretreatment with a extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (500 mg/kg) orally for seven days to doxorubicin induced rats showed a significant prevention in the lipid status with the activities of the lipid metabolizing enzymes. Histopathological observations were also in correlation with the biochemical parameters. These findings suggest that the protective and hypolipidemic effect of Nardostachys jatamansi against doxorubicin induced myocardial injury in rats could possibly be mediated through its anti lipid peroxidative properties.
Assuntos
Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Hipolipemiantes , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/sangue , Nardostachys/química , Animais , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/induzido quimicamente , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/tratamento farmacológico , Enzimas/sangue , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Cardiopatias/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
Generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to disorganization of mitochondrial structure and systolic failure. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Centella asiatica on the mitochondrial enzymes; mitochondrial antioxidant status in adriamycin induced myocardial injury. Adriamycin (2.5 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) induced mitochondrial damage in rats was assessed in terms of decreased activities (p<0.05) of cardiac marker enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, amino transferases), TCA cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, respiratory marker enzymes (NADH-dehydrogenase, cytochrome-C-oxidase), mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GSH, SOD,CAT) and increased (p<0.05) level of lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial damage was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic examination. Pre-co-treatment with aqueous extract of Centella asiatica (200 mg/kg body wt, oral) effectively counteracted the alterations in mitochondrial enzymes and mitochondrial defense system. In addition, transmission electron microscopy study confirms the restoration of cellular normalcy and accredits the cytoprotective role of Centella asiatica against adriamycin induced myocardial injury. Our results demonstrated elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in adriamycin treated rats. Moreover, on the basis of our findings it may be concluded that the aqueous extract of C. asiatica not only possesses antioxidant properties but it may also reduce the extent of mitochondrial damage.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Cardiomiopatias/prevenção & controle , Centella/química , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatias/enzimologia , Cardiomiopatias/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/ultraestrutura , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , RatosRESUMO
Increased oxidative stress and antioxidant deficit have been suggested to play a major role in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure due to multiple treatments with adriamycin. In this study the cardio protective effect of Centella asiatica on myocardial marker enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy was investigated in rats. The rats administered with adriamycin (2.5 mg/kg body wt, i.p) caused myocardial damage that was manifested by the elevation of serum marker (LDH, CPK, GOT and GPT) enzymes and showed significant changes in the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST). Pre-co-treatment with Centella asiatica(200 mg/kg of body wt/oral) extract significantly prevented these alterations and restored the enzyme activities to near normal levels. These findings demonstrate the cardio protective effect of Centella asiatica on antioxidant tissue defense system during adriamycin induced cardiac damage in rats.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatias/prevenção & controle , Centella/química , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Cardiomiopatias/enzimologia , Cardiomiopatias/metabolismo , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Subglottic stenosis after prolonged endotracheal intubation is a well recognised complication, especially with the advent of intensive resuscitative techniques. Although prevention is the best cure, once the management has been established it should be conservative in the first instance, especially in the case of children. The successful treatment of four cases with this complication is reported. The treatment consisted of intralesional injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide Aqueous Suspension (Kenacort A), dilatation with gum elastic bougies, bronchoscopy and very limited surgical correction in one case. A brief reference is made to the etiological factors and to the mechanism of action of steroids in scar tissue.
Assuntos
Laringoestenose/tratamento farmacológico , Triancinolona Acetonida/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Epiglote , Feminino , Humanos , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Laringoestenose/etiologia , Laringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Topic adrenaline with cocaine has been used commonly for intranasal vasoconstriction to facilitate surgery and to control haemorrhage. Pharmacologically the drug combination is known to be a potentially dangerous interaction. This investigation studied whether either drug could be used separately rather than in combination, to achieve the same purposes. One hundred cases were randomized into four groups using 1:1000 Adrenaline, 5% Cocaine, 10% Cocaine and 5% Cocaine/1:1000 Adrenaline as the topical vasoconstriction regimes. The results showed that the vasoconstrictor effect was not significantly different within the four groups; topical 1:1000 Adrenaline resulted in more haemorrhage compared to the other three regimes; comparing the other three regimes the blood loss was not significantly different. The conclusion is that the Adrenaline/Cocaine mixture has no advantage and its potentially dangerous interaction makes it unnecessary and unjustified. Topical 5% Cocaine is recommended because it achieves the aims with the least side-effects.
Assuntos
Cocaína/administração & dosagem , Epinefrina/administração & dosagem , Nariz/cirurgia , Administração Tópica , Adulto , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica causing oesophageal stricture in two males of a family of 4 siblings--2 females and 2 males, and whose parents are not related, is reported. The stricture was treated with repeated dilatations and oral prednisolone on and off with complete success. A brief comment is also made with regards to the pathology and management of this condition.
Assuntos
Epidermólise Bolhosa/complicações , Doenças do Esôfago/etiologia , Pré-Escolar , Dilatação , Doenças do Esôfago/terapia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
A fatal haemorrhage of the innominate artery complicating tracheostomy for obstructive carcinoma of the larynx is reported. The possible mechanism of the rupture is discussed and methods of management are suggested.
Assuntos
Hemorragia/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Traqueotomia , Adulto , Tronco Braquiocefálico/lesões , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/cirurgia , Masculino , Ruptura/etiologiaRESUMO
An unusual combination of first and second arch anomlies is presented. This has resulted in absent middle and external ears with gross naso- and oropharyngeal defects. A brief reference is made to the embryology of this region to explain the anatomical and functional defects. Vascular abnormality during the peri-gestational period is suggested as a possible cause and a conservative line of treatment has been followed with good result.
Assuntos
Orelha Externa/anormalidades , Orelha Média/anormalidades , Palato/anormalidades , Faringe/anormalidades , Audiometria , Condução Óssea , Região Branquial , Criança , Surdez/etiologia , Feminino , HumanosAssuntos
Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Surdez/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Cloranfenicol/efeitos adversos , Sulfato de Di-Hidroestreptomicina/efeitos adversos , Ácido Etacrínico/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Canamicina/efeitos adversos , Neomicina/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Quinina/efeitos adversos , Salicilatos/efeitos adversos , Estreptomicina/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Diatermia , Rinite/terapia , Conchas Nasais , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Povo Asiático , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Etnicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Malásia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , População BrancaRESUMO
No abstract available.
RESUMO
No abstract available.