RESUMO
The global action plan (GAP) on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) advocated the development of national action plans on AMR and the implementation of plans aimed at preventing, combating and monitoring AMR. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)'s strategy on AMR and the prudent use of antimicrobials is aligned with the GAP and recognizes the importance of a One Health approach. This paper reviews the goals, tools and strategies that the OIE has in place to support its Members, envisioning an increased awareness of them and ultimately an increased implementation of the OIE standards. The OIE standards are endorsed by vote of all the 182 Members and are recognized by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The OIE List of Antimicrobial Agents of Veterinary Importance, which includes specific recommendations on the use of antimicrobial agents, is also of particular importance for antimicrobial stewardship. OIE's antimicrobial use (AMU) data collection started in 2015 and has been developed in particular to measure trends in AMU. An annual report is published as an output of this data collection. An AMU IT database system is being developed. The OIE provides assistance to its 182 Members to strengthen the implementation of OIE standards via its support of good governance, the Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) Pathway, PVS Veterinary Legislation Support Program and training of veterinarians and veterinary paraprofessionals. In parallel, the OIE Observatory is a recent initiative, specifically targeting the monitoring of the implementation of the OIE standards. Cooperation agreements between the OIE and intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations are instrumental for the increase of the dissemination and implementation of the OIE standards and guidelines.
RESUMO
For over two decades, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has engaged in combatting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through a One Health approach. Monitoring of antimicrobial use (AMU) is an important source of information that together with surveillance of AMR can be used for the assessment and management of risks related to AMR. In the framework of the Global Action Plan on AMR, the OIE has built a global database on antimicrobial agents intended for use in animals, supported by the Tripartite (World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and OIE) collaboration. The OIE launched its first annual data collection in 2015 and published the Report in 2016. The second Report, published in 2017, introduced a new methodology to report quantitative data in the context of relevant animal populations, and included for the first time an annual analysis of antimicrobial quantities adjusted for animal biomass on a global and regional level. A continuing annual increase of countries participating in the data collection demonstrates the countries engagement for the global development of monitoring and surveillance systems in line with OIE international standards. Where countries are not yet able to contribute their quantitative data, their reports also highlight the barriers that impede them in data collection, analysis and/or reporting. The OIE Reports show annual global and regional estimates of antimicrobial agents intended for use in animals adjusted for animal biomass, as represented by the quantitative data reported by countries to the OIE. The OIE advises caution in interpretation of estimates made in the first few years of reporting recognizing some important limitations faced by countries as they develop their monitoring systems. The OIE remains strongly committed to supporting its Members in developing robust and transparent measurement and reporting mechanisms for AMU.
