Translation and Cultural Adaptation to Portuguese of the Long Head of Biceps Tendon Score.

Objective To translate and culturally adapt the Long Head of Biceps Tendon (LHB) score into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The process involved translations by professionals fluent in the target language, followed by independent back translations. Next, a committee compared the original and translated versions, pretested the final version, and concluded it. Results We translated and adapted the questionnaire according to the proposed methodology. In the first version in Portuguese (VP1) there was divergence regarding the translation of twelve terms. Compared to the original version, the back translation of VP1 presented eight diverging terms. A committee prepared a second version in Portuguese (VP2) and applied it to a pretest group consisting of 30 participants. Finally, we conceived the third version in Portuguese, called LHB-pt. Conclusion The translation and cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the LBH score was successfully accomplished.

Translation and Cultural Adaptation to Portuguese of the Long Head of Biceps Tendon Score / Tradução e adaptação cultural à língua portuguesa do Long Head Biceps Score

Abstract Objective To translate and culturally adapt the Long Head of Biceps Tendon (LHB) score into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The process involved translations by professionals fluent in the target language, followed by independent back translations. Next, a committee compared the original and translated versions, pretested the final version, and concluded it. Results We translated and adapted the questionnaire according to the proposed methodology. In the first version in Portuguese (VP1) there was divergence regarding the translation of twelve terms. Compared to the original version, the back translation of VP1 presented eight diverging terms. A committee prepared a second version in Portuguese (VP2) and applied it to a pretest group consisting of 30 participants. Finally, we conceived the third version in Portuguese, called LHB-pt. Conclusion The translation and cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the LBH score was successfully accomplished.

Arthroscopic Bankart Procedure: Clinical Outcomes with a Minimum Follow-Up of 10 Years.

Objective To evaluate the functional outcome of patients submitted to arthroscopic Bankart repair in the long-term. Methods Retrospective evaluation of 41 patients (45 shoulders) operated between 1996 and 2009 followed-up for a mean period of 14.89 years. Functional scores were analyzed by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Carter-Rowe scores, physical examination, and analysis of medical records. Results The Carter-Rowe score showed an average improvement of 46.11 points, with a final average of 85.89 points, and the UCLA score showed an average improvement of 31.33 points. Ten patients (22.22%) relapsed, with the number of preoperative dislocations being the most correlated factor. Conclusion It was demonstrated that the number of preoperative dislocations negatively influenced the failure rate.

Arthroscopic Bankart Procedure: Clinical Outcomes with a Minimum Follow-Up of 10 Years / Cirurgia de Bankart artroscópica: Resultados clínicos com seguimento mínimo de 10 anos

Abstract Objective To evaluate the functional outcome of patients submitted to arthroscopic Bankart repair in the long-term. Methods Retrospective evaluation of 41 patients (45 shoulders) operated between 1996 and 2009 followed-up for a mean period of 14.89 years. Functional scores were analyzed by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Carter-Rowe scores, physical examination, and analysis of medical records. Results The Carter-Rowe score showed an average improvement of 46.11 points, with a final average of 85.89 points, and the UCLA score showed an average improvement of 31.33 points. Ten patients (22.22%) relapsed, with the number of preoperative dislocations being the most correlated factor. Conclusion It was demonstrated that the number of preoperative dislocations negatively influenced the failure rate.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o desfecho funcional dos pacientes submetidos ao reparo de Bankart artroscópico no longo prazo. Métodos Avaliação retrospectiva de 41 pacientes (45 ombros) operados entre 1996 e 2009 acompanhados por um período médio de 14,89 anos. Foram feitas análises das pontuações funcionais de University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) e Carter-Rowe, exame físico e análises de prontuários. Resultados O escore Carter-Rowe apresentou melhora média de 46,11 pontos, com média final de 85,89 pontos, e o UCLA apresentou melhora de 31,33 pontos. Um total de 10 pacientes (22,22%) apresentou recidiva, sendo o número de luxações pré- operatórias o fator mais correlacionado. Conclusão Foi demonstrado que o número de luxações pré-operatórias influenciou negativamente na taxa de falha.

Evaluation of the Glenoid Track Tomographic Method in Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Arthro-MRI.

Objective To evaluate and compare the glenoid track method in 3D-reconstructed computed tomography (3D-CT) scans with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or arthro-MRI. Methods Forty-four shoulders with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of traumatic anterior instability were assessed using 3D-CT, MRI, and/or arthro-MRI scans. Glenoid track (GT), Hill-Sachs interval (HSI), and glenoid bone loss (GBL) were determined by a radiologist using 3D-CT images, and classified as on-track/off-track. Three surgeons, blinded to the radiologist's evaluation, performed the same determinations using MRI/arthro-MRI. Descriptive analysis, variance analysis, results disagreement analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed. Results Results from the 4 examiners were fully consistent in 61.4% of the cases. Magnetic resonance imaging/arthro-MRI diagnosed off-track injuries with 35 to 65% sensitivity and on-track injuries, with 91.67 to 95.83% specificity. Accuracy ranged from 68.1 to 79.5%. The greatest data divergence occurred for off-track injuries diagnosed by MRI/arthro-MRI. The greatest data variability referred to HSI calculation. Higher HSI and GBL values were associated with greater disagreement among examiners. Hill-Sachs interval values were lower at MRI/arthro-MRI when compared to 3D-CT. Agreement between CT and MRI/arthro-MRI for the GT method was only moderate (kappa value, 0.325-0.579). Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging/arthro-MRI showed low accuracy and moderate agreement for the GT method; as such, it should be used with caution by surgeons.

Evaluation of the Glenoid Track Tomographic Method in Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Arthro-MRI / A avaliação do método tomográfico glenoid track na ressonância magnética/artro RM

Abstract Objective To evaluate and compare the glenoid track method in 3D-reconstructed computed tomography (3D-CT) scans with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or arthro-MRI. Methods Forty-four shoulders with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of traumatic anterior instability were assessed using 3D-CT, MRI, and/or arthro-MRI scans. Glenoid track (GT), Hill-Sachs interval (HSI), and glenoid bone loss (GBL) were determined by a radiologist using 3D-CT images, and classified as on-track/off-track. Three surgeons, blinded to the radiologist's evaluation, performed the same determinations using MRI/arthro-MRI. Descriptive analysis, variance analysis, results disagreement analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed. Results Results from the 4 examiners were fully consistent in 61.4% of the cases. Magnetic resonance imaging/arthro-MRI diagnosed off-track injuries with 35 to 65% sensitivity and on-track injuries, with 91.67 to 95.83% specificity. Accuracy ranged from 68.1 to 79.5%. The greatest data divergence occurred for off-track injuries diagnosed by MRI/arthro-MRI. The greatest data variability referred to HSI calculation. Higher HSI and GBL values were associated with greater disagreement among examiners. Hill-Sachs interval values were lower at MRI/arthro-MRI when compared to 3D-CT. Agreement between CT and MRI/arthro-MRI for the GT method was only moderate (kappa value, 0.325-0.579). Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging/arthro-MRI showed low accuracy and moderate agreement for the GT method; as such, it should be used with caution by surgeons.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a avaliação do método glenoid-track (GT) em exames de tomografia computadorizada com reconstrução 3-D (TC-3D) com a avaliação realizada em exames de ressonância magnética (RM) e/ou artro-ressonância magnética (ARM). Métodos Quarenta e quatro ombros com diagnóstico clínico e radiográfico de instabilidade anterior traumática foram avaliados por meio de exames de TC-3D, RM e/ou ARM. As variáveis GT, intervalo de Hill-Sachs (IHS) e a perda óssea da glenoide (POG) foram realizadas por um médico radiologista, utilizando imagens de TC-3D, e classificadas em on-track/off-track. Três cirurgiões cegos à avaliação do radiologista realizaram o mesmo método utilizando RM/ARM. O estudo realizou análise descritiva, de variância, de associação da discordância de resultados, de concordância e curva característica de operação do receptor. Resultados Os resultados dos 4 examinadores foram totalmente concordantes em 61,4%. A RM/ARM diagnosticou lesões off-track com a sensibilidade variando de 35 a 65%, e lesões on-track com a especificidade variando de 91,67 a 95,83%. A acurácia variou de 68,1 a 79,5%. A maior divergência de dados ocorreu para o diagnóstico por RM/ARM de lesões off-track. A maior variabilidade dos dados ocorreu para o cálculo do IHS. Valores maiores de IHS e de POG foram associados a maior discordância entre os examinadores. A RM/ARM apresentou menor medida de valores de IHS quando comparado com a TC-3D. Ocorreu apenas moderada concordância no método GT entre a TC e a RM/ARM (Kappa 0,325-0,579). Conclusão A RM/ARM apresentou baixa acurácia e moderada concordância para o método GT, devendo ser utilizada com cautela por cirurgiões.

Protocol of BRICS: Brazilian multicentric pragmatic randomised trial of surgical interventions for displaced diaphyseal clavicle fracture study: MIPO versus ORIF for the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.

INTRODUCTION: Fractures of the diaphysis of the clavicle are common; however, treatment guidelines for this condition are lacking. Surgery is associated with a lower risk of non-union and better functional outcomes but a higher risk of complications. Open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws are the most commonly performed techniques, but they are associated with paraesthesia in the areas of incisions, extensive surgical exposure and high rates of implant removal. Minimally invasive techniques for treating these fractures have a lower rate of complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate which surgical treatment option (minimally invasive osteosynthesis or open reduction and internal fixation) has better prognosis in terms of complications and reoperations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study proposed is a multicentric, pragmatic, randomised, open-label, superiority clinical trial between minimally invasive osteosynthesis and open reduction and internal fixation for surgical treatment of patients with displaced fractures of the clavicle shaft. In the proposed study, 190 individuals with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, who require surgery as treatment, will be randomised. The assessment will occur at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, respectively. The primary outcome of the study will be the number of complications and reoperations. For sample size calculation, a moderate effective size between the techniques was considered in a two-tailed test, with 95% confidence and 90% power. Complications include cases of infection, hypertrophic scarring, non-union, refracture, implant failure, hypoesthesia, skin irritation and shoulder pain. Reoperations are defined as the number of surgeries for pseudoarthrosis, implant failure, infection and elective removal of the implant. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Study approved by the institutional ethics committee (number 34249120.9.0000.5505-V.3). The results will be disseminated by publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations in medical meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RBR-3czz68)/UTN U1111-1257-8953.

Influence of the glenoid track and glenoid bone loss on the apprehension test for shoulder instability.

BACKGROUND: The investigation of Hill-Sachs and bony Bankart lesions continues to evolve. Patients with large bone lesions can present with a positive apprehension test even at ranges below 45° of abduction and external rotation of the shoulder. Modern concepts, such as glenoid track and quantification of glenoid bone loss, have been increasingly applied to shoulder instability. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation of the glenoid track and glenoid bone loss on the apprehension test conducted at 0°, 45°, and 90° of shoulder abduction. METHODS: Ninety-four shoulders of 90 patients with anterior glenohumeral instability were retrospectively assessed. The apprehension test was performed at 0°, 45°, and 90° of shoulder abduction. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or magnetic resonance arthrogram scans were performed to calculate the glenoid track and glenoid bone loss. A descriptive analysis, an association analysis, and a logistic regression analysis were used in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of glenoid track and glenoid bone loss when the apprehension test was positive in lower degrees of abduction. RESULTS: A positive apprehension test at 0°, 45°, and 90° of abduction revealed significant association with off-track lesions, glenoid bone losses greater than 13.5%, and bipolar bone lesions. Shoulders classified as off-track were 36.4 times more likely to test positive at 0°, 45°, and 90° than on-track shoulders. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the positive apprehension test at 0°, 45°, and 90° of abduction seems to be more influenced by off-track lesions than by glenoid bone loss greater than the 13.5% threshold. CONCLUSION: Shoulders with a positive apprehension test at 0°, 45°, and 90° are significantly associated with off-track lesions, bipolar bone lesions, and glenoid bone losses greater than 13.5%.

Clinical and functional evaluation of patients submitted to reverse arthroplasty with minimum one year of follow-up / Avaliação clínica e funcional de pacientes submetidos a artroplastia reversa com seguimento mínimo de um ano

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the clinical and functional results of patients submitted to reverse arthroplasty with a minimum follow-up of one year. Methods: Twenty-two patients submitted to shoulder reverse arthroplasty by the Surgery and Shoulder Rehabilitation Group were retrospectively evaluated with pre and postoperative imaging analysis, analog pain scale, range of motion, and ASES functional score. Results: Out of 19 (86.3%) patients with preoperative ASES classified as poor/bad, 11 (57.9%) progress to good/excellent after intervention, showing improvement of function, ranging from a mean preoperative ASES score of 22 (± 18.8) to a postoperative mean of 64.8 (± 27.7) (p = 0.031). Regarding the pain, there was an improvement in analog pain scale, presenting a preoperative mean of 7.64 (1-10) and a postoperative mean of 2.09 (0-7; p < 0.001). Regarding mobility, of 22 patients, 15 (68.2%) had preoperative pseudoparalysis and, of these, ten (66.7%) had an active anterior elevation greater than 90° after reverse arthroplasty. In turn, patients without pseudoparalysis had no significant gain in range of motion (p = 0.002). The authors observed active anterior elevation gain, with a preoperative mean of 76° (0-160°) and a postoperative mean of 111° (0-160°; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Despite being a relatively new procedure in Brazil, reverse shoulder arthroplasty can be used effectively and safely in patients who were previously without treatment options such as rotator cuff arthropathy and revisions providing pain relief, improvement of function, and mobility of the upper limb.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e funcionais de pacientes submetidos a artroplastia reversa com seguimento mínimo de um ano. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 22 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia reversa de ombro pelo grupo de cirurgia e reabilitação de ombro da nossa instituição com análise pré e pós-operatória de exames de imagem, escala analógica da dor, amplitude de movimento e escala funcional ASES. Resultados: Dos 19 (86,3%) pacientes que apresentavam ASES pré-operatória classificada como péssimo/ruim, 11 (57,9%) evoluíram para bom/excelente após a intervenção, apresentaram melhoria da função, saíram de uma escala ASES pré-operatória média de 22 (±18,8) para uma pós-operatória de 64,8 (± 27,7; p = 0,031). Quanto à dor, observou-se melhoria da escala analógica da dor, apresentaram média pré-operatória de 7,64 (1-10) e pós-operatória de 2,09 (0-7; p < 0,001). Em relação à mobilidade, dos 22 pacientes, 15 (68,2%) apresentavam pseudoparalisia pré-operatória; desses, dez (66,7%) passaram a apresentar elevação anterior ativa superior a 90° após artroplastia reversa. Por outro lado, os pacientes sem pseudoparalisia não apresentaram ganho significativo de amplitude de movimento (p = 0,002). Foi observado ganho de elevação anterior ativa, com média pré-operatória de 76° (0-160°) e pós-operatória de 111° (0-160°; p = 0,002). Conclusão: Apesar de ser um procedimento relativamente novo no Brasil, a artroplastia reversa de ombro pode ser usada com eficácia e segurança em pacientes que previamente apresentavam-se sem opções terapêuticas como artropatia do manguito rotador e revisões que proporcionam alívio de dor, melhoria da função e mobilidade do membro superior.

Clinical and functional evaluation of patients submitted to reverse arthroplasty with minimum one year of follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and functional results of patients submitted to reverse arthroplasty with a minimum follow-up of one year. METHODS: Twenty-two patients submitted to shoulder reverse arthroplasty by the Surgery and Shoulder Rehabilitation Group were retrospectively evaluated with pre and postoperative imaging analysis, analog pain scale, range of motion, and ASES functional score. RESULTS: Out of 19 (86.3%) patients with preoperative ASES classified as poor/bad, 11 (57.9%) progress to good/excellent after intervention, showing improvement of function, ranging from a mean preoperative ASES score of 22 (± 18.8) to a postoperative mean of 64.8 (± 27.7) (p = 0.031). Regarding the pain, there was an improvement in analog pain scale, presenting a preoperative mean of 7.64 (1-10) and a postoperative mean of 2.09 (0-7; p < 0.001). Regarding mobility, of 22 patients, 15 (68.2%) had preoperative pseudoparalysis and, of these, ten (66.7%) had an active anterior elevation greater than 90° after reverse arthroplasty. In turn, patients without pseudoparalysis had no significant gain in range of motion (p = 0.002). The authors observed active anterior elevation gain, with a preoperative mean of 76° (0-160°) and a postoperative mean of 111° (0-160°; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Despite being a relatively new procedure in Brazil, reverse shoulder arthroplasty can be used effectively and safely in patients who were previously without treatment options such as rotator cuff arthropathy and revisions providing pain relief, improvement of function, and mobility of the upper limb.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados clínicos e funcionais de pacientes submetidos a artroplastia reversa com seguimento mínimo de um ano. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 22 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia reversa de ombro pelo grupo de cirurgia e reabilitação de ombro da nossa instituição com análise pré e pós-operatória de exames de imagem, escala analógica da dor, amplitude de movimento e escala funcional ASES. RESULTADOS: Dos 19 (86,3%) pacientes que apresentavam ASES pré-operatória classificada como péssimo/ruim, 11 (57,9%) evoluíram para bom/excelente após a intervenção, apresentaram melhoria da função, saíram de uma escala ASES pré-operatória média de 22 (±18,8) para uma pós-operatória de 64,8 (± 27,7; p = 0,031). Quanto à dor, observou-se melhoria da escala analógica da dor, apresentaram média pré-operatória de 7,64 (1-10) e pós-operatória de 2,09 (0-7; p < 0,001). Em relação à mobilidade, dos 22 pacientes, 15 (68,2%) apresentavam pseudoparalisia pré-operatória; desses, dez (66,7%) passaram a apresentar elevação anterior ativa superior a 90° após artroplastia reversa. Por outro lado, os pacientes sem pseudoparalisia não apresentaram ganho significativo de amplitude de movimento (p = 0,002). Foi observado ganho de elevação anterior ativa, com média pré-operatória de 76° (0-160°) e pós-operatória de 111° (0-160°; p = 0,002). CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de ser um procedimento relativamente novo no Brasil, a artroplastia reversa de ombro pode ser usada com eficácia e segurança em pacientes que previamente apresentavam-se sem opções terapêuticas como artropatia do manguito rotador e revisões que proporcionam alívio de dor, melhoria da função e mobilidade do membro superior.

Evaluation of functional results from shoulders after arthroscopic repair of complete rotator cuff tears associated with traumatic anterior dislocation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of arthroscopic rotator cuff fixation and, when present, simultaneous repair of the Bankart lesion caused by traumatic dislocation; and to assess whether the size of the rotator cuff injury caused by traumatic dislocation has any influence on the postoperative clinical outcomes. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with traumatic shoulder dislocation and complete rotator cuff injury, with at least two years of follow up, were retrospectively evaluated. For analysis purposes, the patients were divided into groups: presence of fixed Bankart lesion or absence of this lesion, and rotator cuff lesions smaller than 3.0 cm (group A) or greater than or equal to 3.0 cm (group B). All the patients underwent arthroscopic repair of the lesions and were evaluated postoperatively by means of the UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) score and strength measurements. RESULTS: The group with Bankart lesion repair had a postoperative UCLA score of 33.96, while the score of the group without Bankart lesion was 33.7, without statistical significance (p = 0.743). Group A had a postoperative UCLA score of 34.35 and group B, 33.15, without statistical significance (p = 0.416). CONCLUSION: The functional outcomes of the patients who only presented complete rotator cuff tearing after traumatic shoulder dislocation, which underwent arthroscopic repair, were similar to the outcomes of those who presented an associated with a Bankart lesion that was corrected simultaneously with the rotator cuff injury. The extent of the original rotator cuff injury did not alter the functional results in the postoperative evaluation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desfecho clínico da fixação artroscópica do manguito rotador (MR) e, quando presente, a correção simultânea da lesão de Bankart, causadas por luxação traumática. Avaliar se a dimensão da lesão do MR causada por luxação traumática influenciou nos resultados clínicos pós-operatórios. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 33 pacientes com luxação traumática do ombro e lesão completa do manguito rotador e seguimento mínimo de dois anos. Para fins de análise, os pacientes foram divididos em grupos: presença de lesão de Bankart fixada ou ausência da lesão e lesões do MR menores do que 3 cm (grupo A) ou iguais a ou maiores do que 3 cm (grupo B). Todos foram submetidos a reparo artroscópico das lesões e avaliados, pós-operatoriamente, pelo escore da UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) e medida da força. RESULTADOS: O grupo em que houve o reparo da lesão de Bankart apresentou UCLA pós-operatório de 33,96, em relação ao grupo em que essa lesão não estava presente 33,7, sem significância estatística (p = 0,743). O grupo A apresentou resultado de UCLA pós-operatório de 34,35 e grupo B 33,15, sem significância estatística (p = 0,416). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados funcionais dos pacientes que apresentaram apenas rotura completa do manguito rotador após luxação traumática do ombro, submetidos ao reparo artroscópico, mostrou-se semelhante àqueles que apresentaram associação da lesão de Bankart, corrigida simultaneamente com a lesão do manguito rotador. A extensão da lesão inicial do manguito rotador não alterou os resultados funcionais na avaliação pós-operatória.

Evaluation of functional results from shoulders after arthroscopic repair of complete rotator cuff tears associated with traumatic anterior dislocation / Avaliação dos resultados funcionais dos ombros submetidos ao reparo artroscópico de roturas completas do manguito rotador associadas a luxações traumáticas anteriores

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of arthroscopic rotator cuff fixation and, when present, simultaneous repair of the Bankart lesion caused by traumatic dislocation; and to assess whether the size of the rotator cuff injury caused by traumatic dislocation has any influence on the postoperative clinical outcomes. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with traumatic shoulder dislocation and complete rotator cuff injury, with at least two years of follow up, were retrospectively evaluated. For analysis purposes, the patients were divided into groups: presence of fixed Bankart lesion or absence of this lesion, and rotator cuff lesions smaller than 3.0 cm (group A) or greater than or equal to 3.0 cm (group B). All the patients underwent arthroscopic repair of the lesions and were evaluated postoperatively by means of the UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) score and strength measurements. RESULTS: The group with Bankart lesion repair had a postoperative UCLA score of 33.96, while the score of the group without Bankart lesion was 33.7, without statistical significance (p = 0.743). Group A had a postoperative UCLA score of 34.35 and group B, 33.15, without statistical significance (p = 0.416). CONCLUSION: The functional outcomes of the patients who only presented complete rotator cuff tearing after traumatic shoulder dislocation, which underwent arthroscopic repair, were similar to the outcomes of those who presented an associated with a Bankart lesion that was corrected simultaneously with the rotator cuff injury. The extent of the original rotator cuff injury did not alter the functional results in the postoperative evaluation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desfecho clínico da fixação artroscópica do manguito rotador (MR) e, quando presente, a correção simultânea da lesão de Bankart, causadas por luxação traumática. Avaliar se a dimensão da lesão do MR causada por luxação traumática influenciou nos resultados clínicos pós-operatórios. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 33 pacientes com luxação traumática do ombro e lesão completa do manguito rotador e seguimento mínimo de dois anos. Para fins de análise, os pacientes foram divididos em grupos: presença de lesão de Bankart fixada ou ausência da lesão e lesões do MR menores do que 3 cm (grupo A) ou iguais a ou maiores do que 3 cm (grupo B). Todos foram submetidos a reparo artroscópico das lesões e avaliados, pós-operatoriamente, pelo escore da UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) e medida da força. RESULTADOS: O grupo em que houve o reparo da lesão de Bankart apresentou UCLA pós-operatório de 33,96, em relação ao grupo em que essa lesão não estava presente 33,7, sem significância estatística (p = 0,743). O grupo A apresentou resultado de UCLA pós-operatório de 34,35 e grupo B 33,15, sem significância estatística (p = 0,416). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados funcionais dos pacientes que apresentaram apenas rotura completa do manguito rotador após luxação traumática do ombro, submetidos ao reparo artroscópico, mostrou-se semelhante àqueles que apresentaram associação da lesão de Bankart, corrigida simultaneamente com a lesão do manguito rotador. A extensão da lesão inicial do manguito rotador não alterou os resultados funcionais na avaliação pós-operatória.

Proprioceptive deficit in patients with complete tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament / Déficit proprioceptivo em pacientes com ruptura total do ligamento cruzado anterior

Objective: To investigate the existence of proprioceptive deficits between the injured limb and the uninjured (i.e. contralateral normal) limb, in individuals who suffered complete tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), using a strength reproduction test. Methods: Sixteen patients with complete tearing of the ACL participated in the study. A voluntary maximum isometric strength test was performed, with reproduction of the muscle strength in the limb with complete tearing of the ACL and the healthy contralateral limb, with the knee flexed at 60°. The meta-intensity was used for the procedure of 20% of the voluntary maximum isometric strength. The proprioceptive performance was determined by means of absolute error, variable error and constant error values. Results: Significant differences were found between the control group and ACL group for the variables of absolute error (p = 0.05) and constant error (p = 0.01). No difference was found in relation to variable error (p = 0.83). Conclusion: Our data corroborate the hypothesis that there is a proprioceptive deficit in subjects with complete tearing of the ACL in an injured limb, in comparison with the uninjured limb, during evaluation of the sense of strength. This deficit can be explained in terms of partial or total loss of the mechanoreceptors of the ACL...

Objetivo: Investigar, por meio do teste de reprodução da força, a existência de déficits proprioceptivos entre o membro lesionado e o não lesionado (i.e., contralateral normal) em indivíduos que tenham sofrido ruptura total de LCA. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 16 pacientes com ruptura total do LCA. Foi feito o teste de força voluntária máxima isométrica (FVIM) e reprodução da força muscular no membro com ruptura total do LCA e contralateral saudável, com joelho a 60° de flexão. Foi usada a intensidade-meta para o procedimento de 20% da FVMI. O desempenho proprioceptivo foi determinado por meio dos valores de erro absoluto (EA), erro variável (EV) e erro constante (EC). Resultados: Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os grupos controle e LCA para as variáveis erro absoluto (p = 0,05) e erro constante (p = 0,01). Não foi encontrada diferença para o erro variável (p = 0,83). Conclusão: Nossos dados corroboram a hipótese de existência de déficit proprioceptivo em sujeitos com ruptura total de LCA em um membro lesionado quando comparado com o não lesionado durante a avaliação do senso da força. Esse déficit pode ser explicado por uma perda total ou parcial dos mecanorreceptores do LCA...

Proprioceptive deficit in patients with complete tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the existence of proprioceptive deficits between the injured limb and the uninjured (i.e. contralateral normal) limb, in individuals who suffered complete tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), using a strength reproduction test. METHODS: Sixteen patients with complete tearing of the ACL participated in the study. A voluntary maximum isometric strength test was performed, with reproduction of the muscle strength in the limb with complete tearing of the ACL and the healthy contralateral limb, with the knee flexed at 60°. The meta-intensity was used for the procedure of 20% of the voluntary maximum isometric strength. The proprioceptive performance was determined by means of absolute error, variable error and constant error values. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the control group and ACL group for the variables of absolute error (p = 0.05) and constant error (p = 0.01). No difference was found in relation to variable error (p = 0.83). CONCLUSION: Our data corroborate the hypothesis that there is a proprioceptive deficit in subjects with complete tearing of the ACL in an injured limb, in comparison with the uninjured limb, during evaluation of the sense of strength. This deficit can be explained in terms of partial or total loss of the mechanoreceptors of the ACL.

OBJETIVO: Investigar, por meio do teste de reprodução da força, a existência de déficits proprioceptivos entre o membro lesionado e o não lesionado (i.e., contralateral normal) em indivíduos que tenham sofrido ruptura total de LCA. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 16 pacientes com ruptura total do LCA. Foi feito o teste de força voluntária máxima isométrica (FVIM) e reprodução da força muscular no membro com ruptura total do LCA e contralateral saudável, com joelho a 60° de flexão. Foi usada a intensidade-meta para o procedimento de 20% da FVMI. O desempenho proprioceptivo foi determinado por meio dos valores de erro absoluto (EA), erro variável (EV) e erro constante (EC). RESULTADOS: Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os grupos controle e LCA para as variáveis erro absoluto (p = 0,05) e erro constante (p = 0,01). Não foi encontrada diferença para o erro variável (p = 0,83). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados corroboram a hipótese de existência de déficit proprioceptivo em sujeitos com ruptura total de LCA em um membro lesionado quando comparado com o não lesionado durante a avaliação do senso da força. Esse déficit pode ser explicado por uma perda total ou parcial dos mecanorreceptores do LCA.

Escala de atitudes frente ao HIV/AIDS: análise de fatores / HIV/AIDS attitudes scale: factorial analysis

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho apresenta resultados acerca das propriedades psicométricas da "Escala de atitudes frente ao HIV/AIDS". Os dados, provenientes de uma amostra de 549 alunos entre universitários, ensinos médio e ensino fundamental. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram tratados pelo método dos componentes principais da análise fatorial. A análise final, postulado um eigenvalue mínimo de 2, resultou cinco fatores. Foram eliminados itens que apresentaram carga fatorial menor que 0,30. Neste estudo, o menor alfa observado foi de 0,79. Portanto, é provável que todos os 47 itens do instrumento final elaborado meçam o mesmo construto: atitude frente ao HIV/AIDS. RESULTADOS: Escores inferiores a 96 foram considerados "fraco grau de conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS"; entre 96 e 192 "moderado grau de conhecimento" e acima de 192 "alto grau de conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS". Foram estabelecidos os fatores: 1, 2 e 3, sendo "fator geral de percepção da informação técnico-científica"; "fator de percepção da informação técnico-científica versus sexualidade e preconceito"; "fator de percepção da informação técnico-científica no uso de drogas", respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: O alfa de Cronbach encontrado para a escala como um todo foi de 0,859, sugerindo fortemente a existência da fidedignidade do instrumento que se mostrou útil para avaliar o grau de conhecimento acerca do HIV/AIDS e o risco decorrente do desconhecimento, entre estudantes.

OBJETIVE: This paper presents results related to the psychometric properties of the Escala de atitudes frente a HIV/AIDS (Attitudes Towards HIV/AIDS Scale). METHODS: The data was derived from a sample with 549 high and elementary school level students. The data was treated by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA). The final analysis resulted in 5 factors, given a minimal eigenvalue 2. Factor load items lower than 0.30 were excluded. In this study, the lowest alpha observed was 0.79. Therefore, it is likely that all 47 final tool items measure the same construct: attitude towards HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: Scores < 96 were considered "low knowledge amount on HIV/AIDS"; scores between 96 and 192 meant "moderate knowledge amount on HIV/AIDS", and scores > 192 were considered "high knowledge amount on HIV/AIDS". Factors 1, 2, and 3, i.e. "Technical/Scientific Information Perception General Factor"; "Technical/Scientific Information Perception Factor versus Sexuality and Prejudice"; "Technical/Scientific Information Perception Factor in Drug Abuse", respectively, were created. CONCLUSIONS: Cronbach’s alpha found for the scale as a whole was 0.859 and strongly suggests reliability of the tool, as it showed useful to evaluate the knowledge amount regarding HIV/AIDS and the risk resulting from lack of knowledge among students.

Um breve estudo acerca do cotidiano do trabalho de produtores rurais: intoxicações por agrotóxicos e subnotificação / A brief study on the rural producers daily routines: poisoning by pesticides and under-reporting

Pesquisas na área da Saúde no Trabalho têm revelado a preocupação com os agravos à saúde de trabalhadores rurais decorrentes da utilização de defensivos agrícolas. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou conhecer o cotidiano de trabalho de produtores rurais de uma cooperativa agrícola localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo, bem como avaliar a exposição deles quando da utilização de agrotóxicos no desenvolvimento de suas atividades. Esperamos, com base nos resultados, estar contribuindo com discussões sobre o tema relacionado à saúde dos trabalhadores no contexto considerado. Para coleta de dados,utilizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicadas de formas individual e coletiva.Participaram do estudo cinqüenta produtores rurais que desenvolvem atividades nas lavouras de café, soja, trigo e milho. Os dados foram agrupados em cinco categorias e analisados qualitativamente. Os resultados expõem as características da atividade agrícola na região, a utilização dos equipamentos de proteção individual, as técnicas no uso dos agrotóxicos, o sofrimento psíquico e a produção rural e maneiras de lidar com as situações de intoxicação e alertar os órgãos competentes para o problema da subnotificação.

The harmful effects of pesticides on the rural workers health have been causing concern within the Occupational Health area. Due to this fact, our research aims not only at getting acquainted with the rural producers daily routine in an agricultural co-operative society located in the countryside of São Paulo, but also at evaluating the amount of pesticide they are exposed to while carrying out their tasks. We hope the results will offer a contribution to the discussions on this issue. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted either individually, or in groups. Fifty coffee, soy, wheat and corn producers were researched. The resulting datum were classified in five categories and analyzed qualitatively. They show the features of the rural activities in the area, the use of Personal Protective Equipment, the different techniques in applying pesticides, psychological damages, rural production, ways of dealing with poisoning and warning the involved governmental and non-governmental organizations about under-reporting.

[Psychoactive drug use in school age adolescents, Brazil]. / Consumo de drogas psicoativas por adolescentes escolares de Assis, SP.

To quantify psychoactive drug use and investigate use-related variables among students of Assis, Brazil, a questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic data and identify the pattern of non-medical use of psychoactive drugs in 20% of public and private school students. The largest consumption indexes for lifetime use were seen for alcohol (68.9%) and tobacco (22.7%). Drugs most often used were: solvents (10.0%); marijuana (6.6%); benzodiazepines (3.8%); amphetamines (2.6%); cocaine (1.6%); and anticholinergics (1.0%).

Consumo de drogas psicoativas por adolescentes escolares de Assis, SP / Psychoactive drug use in school age adolescents, Brazil

Com o objetivo de quantificar o consumo das diferentes drogas psicoativas entre os estudantes da cidade de Assis, SP, e investigar as variáveis relacionadas com seu uso, foi aplicado um questionário que identificava dados sociodemográficos e padräo de uso näo-médico de psicotrópicos em 20 por cento dos estudantes das escolas públicas e privadas da cidade. Os maiores índices de consumo para o uso na vida foram os do álcool com 68,9 por cento e o tabaco com 22,7 por cento. As drogas mais utilizadas foram: solventes (10,0 por cento); maconha (6,6 por cento); ansiolíticos (3,8 por cento); anfetamínicos (2,6 por cento); cocaína (1,6 por cento) e anticolinérgicos (1,0 por cento).

Distintos niveles de triptofano disponible de la dieta y actividad exploratoria de ratas en "open field" / Different contents of available trypthopan in the diet and exporatory activity of rats in open field

La concentración de serotonina cerebral (5 HT) depende de la disponibilidad del triptófano (Try) de la dieta. Como la 5-HT está envuelta en diversos comportamientos emocionales, se observó el efecto de dietas con distintos niveles del aminoácido en la actividad exploratoria de ratones en el "open field". Varios grupos de 6 ratones machos, adultos, alimentados con dietas compuestas con zeína (baja disponibilidad de Try), harina de soja (alta disponibilidad de Try) y zeína suplementada con Try (igual disponibilidad de la soja) fueron observados en el "open field", durante el 8--13- y 25--30- días de vigencia de las respectivas dietas. El grupo alimentado con zeína presentó promedios de locomoción y de exploración vertical (alzarse) significativamente mayores (* = 0,05) que los demás en el primer período de observaciones. Estas diferencias no fueron observadas en la segunda fase de observaciones cuando los grupos mantenidos con zeína y zeína + Try se presentaban bajo fuerte depleción proteica. Los resultados sugieren que la menor disponibilidad del Try de la dieta y por extensión de la 5-HT cerebral aumenta la actividad exploratoria, lo que puede significar menor nivel de emocionalidad