Acute Gastric Volvulus: A Rare Complication of Hiatal Hernia.

Gastric volvulus, characterized by stomach rotation, is a rare condition arising from congenital or acquired factors. Predominantly affecting pediatric and elderly populations, it necessitates a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis. Delayed recognition may precipitate severe complications such as ischemia, strangulation, and septic shock, often culminating in fatal outcomes. We present a case of a 71-year-old male initially admitted for suspected gastroenteritis, subsequently developing acute gastric volvulus during hospitalization, necessitating immediate surgical intervention. This case contributes to the scant literature on gastric volvulus in the elderly demographic.

Metastatic Colon Cancer Presenting as Gallbladder Perforation: Highlighting the Diagnostic Challenges and Clinical Implications.

Gallbladder perforation is an uncommon occurrence that demands prompt surgical intervention, typically observed in the context of acute cholecystitis. In this article, we present an extraordinary case of gallbladder gangrene and perforation, originating from metastasis of colon cancer. The patient's presentation included an incidental discovery of colon cancer, which was indicated by histopathology of the gall bladder. This case report aims to shed light on the intricate relationship between gallbladder pathology and metastatic colon cancer, emphasizing the need for vigilant evaluation and comprehensive management strategies.

Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Following LAMS (Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent) Placement.

Pancreatic pseudocyst is a common complication of pancreatitis. Pseudocysts may require decompression when they become painful, infected, or start compressing surrounding organs. Decompression is achieved by endoscopic cystogastrostomy. Recently, the use of lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) for cystogastrostomy has gained popularity due to ease of use and high technical success. LAMS has a wider lumen, which allows for direct endoscopic necrosectomy in the cases of walled-off necrosis. Our patient is a 30-year-old male who presented with massive hematemesis and dizziness. He had a history of chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis. Three weeks before the presentation, he underwent a cystogastrostomy with LAMS placement to treat a 10-cm walled-off necrosis. Urgent computed tomography (CT) scan did not reveal any acute finding suggestive of bleeding. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed blood protruding from the LAMS with a large clot formation. Attempts to stop bleeding were unsuccessful. He underwent CT angiography of the abdomen. CT angiography showed a bleeding pseudoaneurysm (PA) believed to be a complication of the LAMS. Subsequently, multiple coils were placed in the splenic artery near the PA. The patient continued to improve without a further drop in hemoglobin and was eventually discharged. PA formation and subsequent rupture is a rare delayed complication of LAMS. It may lead to massive gastrointestinal bleeding with a high mortality rate. Diagnostic delays have resulted in increased mortality by 60%. In this article, we present a case of massive gastrointestinal bleeding due to a ruptured splenic artery PA presenting as a delayed complication of LAMS.

Morphological and dimensional characteristics of dental arch in children with beta thalassemia major.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the arch dimensions of beta thalassemia major patients in comparison with normal individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental arch dimensions were compared between thalassemic patients and normal individuals in the age group of 12-16 years in the maxillary and mandibular arch corresponding to each other regarding age, sex and Angle's molar relationship. A total number of sixty cases in each group were taken. Maxillary and mandibular impressions were made with alginate for all the sixty participants in each group and poured with die stone. Measurement of inter incisor, inter canine, inter premolar and intermolar arch width, arch depth, right anterior, right posterior, left anterior, and left posterior arch length was carried out from each cast using digital Vernier caliper. RESULTS: Unpaired t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistically, a significant difference was found between the case and control groups in the maxillary arch in intercanine width, inter premolar width, intermolar width, right anterior arch length, right posterior arch length, and left anterior arch length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in inter incisor width, left posterior arch length, and arch depth in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in inter canine width, inter premolar width, inter molar width, and left anterior arch length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in the mandibular arch in interincisor width, right anterior arch length, right posterior arch length, and left posterior arch length. CONCLUSION: Dental arch widths and arch lengths were significantly reduced in thalassemic patients as compared to normal individuals for the maxillary and mandibular arches.

Prevalence of Dental Caries in Children of Age 5 to 13 Years in District of Vaishali, Bihar, India.

CONTEXT: Dental caries is the most common type of oral health problem globally. It is known to have multifactorial etiology with a number of variables that influence the prevalence of the condition. AIM: The present study was carried out in the district of Vaishali, Bihar, India, with an aim to determine the prevalence of dental caries in children of 5 to 13 years. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It was a descriptive type of epidemiological study and the design adopted for the study was cross-sectional. No active intervention and follow-up examinations were performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,000 children of 5 to 13 year age group were examined for the study. The study population was categorized based on age, sex, location, and socioeconomic status. The examination procedure and criteria were those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data obtained from the survey were subjected to statistical evaluation using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Test for significance was done with the help of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square test. RESULTS: The difference in the caries prevalence between the age groups and between the socioeconomic level was very highly significant (p = 0.000). There was a statistically significant difference observed in the prevalence of caries between the sexes (p = 0.016) as well as between urban and rural (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: It is expected that the data obtained with the help of this survey will prove to be very useful to the concerned authorities in handling dental caries which is a biosocial disease rooted in the technology and economy of our society.How to cite this article: Goenka P, Dutta S, Marwah N, Sarawgi A, Nirwan M, Mishra P. Prevalence of Dental Caries in Children of Age 5 to 13 Years in District of Vaishali, Bihar, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(5):359-364.

Oral Cysticercosis in a Pediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report with Review.

Cysticercosis is a condition in which a human acts as the intermediate host of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Although cysticercosis is a common disease in some regions of the world and can occur in any body site, oral lesions are rare. In this report, we document the case of oral cysticercosis in a 10-year-old boy who sought treatment for an asymptomatic nodule on the dorsal surface of the tongue. A detailed history, thorough clinical examination, morphological appearance and the histopathologic findings of the excised cyst formed the basis for the diagnosis of the lesion. How to cite this article: Goenka P, Sarawgi A, Asopa K, Gumber P, Dutta S. Oral Cysticercosis in a Pediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report with Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):156-161.

Awareness in Primary School Teachers regarding Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Their Emergency Management: A Survey in South Jaipur.

INTRODUCTION: Trauma to primary and permanent teeth and their supporting structures is one of the most common dental problems seen in children. The prognosis of traumatized teeth depends on timely attention with prompt and appropriate treatment, which often relies on knowledge of the teachers who may be present at the place of accidents. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate via a questionnaire the knowledge level of primary school teachers in South Jaipur regarding dental trauma. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 300 primary school teachers from 20 randomly selected private and semi-aided schools of South Jaipur. RESULTS: A total of 278 teachers responded to the survey. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. It was found that most of the respondents had accepted poor knowledge regarding dental trauma, with a mean knowledge of 10.56 ± 2.58. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted inadequate knowledge regarding emergency management of traumatic dental injuries, and teachers felt the need for training in the management of dental trauma as part of their training program. How to cite this article: Nirwan M, Syed AA, Chaturvedi S, Goenka P, Sharma S. Awareness in Primary School Teachers regarding Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Their Emergency Management: A Survey in South Jaipur. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(1):62-66.

Single rooted primary first molar with nonsyndromic hypodontia: A rare case report.

Dental anomalies of number, shape and size are the most common to dental literature, the most common being the agenesis and morphologic dental anomalies. However, very few cases have been reported regarding the presence of single root in primary molars. The purpose of this article was to present a rare case of single root in primary mandibular first molar associated with nonsyndromic hypodontia.

Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary Streptococcus mutans in 8 to 12 Years Old Children.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the effect Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate and Punica granatum oral rinse on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 children of 8 to 12 years of age were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A was given 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, group B was given 10% A. aspera mouthwash and group C was given 15% P. granatum mouthwash. The day 1 saliva samples were collected from the subjects and inoculated onto mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colony counts were obtained by a clinical microbiologist who was blinded to the subject allocation. Plaque scores were then recorded by the investigator with the help of a volunteer. Following this, they received a thorough scaling and polishing. Subjects in each group were then provided with 140 ml of the respective mouthwash, as a daily supervised rinse after breakfast and before sleeping as per instructions. Following mouth rinsing, the children were instructed not to eat or drink for 15 minutes. At the 7th day, unstimulated saliva was again collected from the subjects of all 3 groups, inoculated onto MSB agar and colony count was obtained. Modified Quigley-Hein plaque index was also evaluated for the refreshed score at this stage. Colony counting was done using loop method and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 21. RESULTS: All the three mouthwashes showed statistically significant reduction of S. mutans count and plaque index after 7 days, i.e. chlorhexidine (p < 0.001 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction), A. aspera (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction) and P. granatum (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutans count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction). Chlorhexidine had marginally better results in reducing S. mutans count. CONCLUSION: Efficacy of chlorhexidine, A. aspera and P. granatum was statistically significant with respect to reduction of S. mutans count with chlorhexidine being marginally better than the other two; All the three mouthwashes were found to be at par when plaque index values from baseline and after interception of 7 days was calculated; Punica granatum has better antimicrobial effect than A. aspera.

Simple fixed functional space maintainer.

Premature loss of a primary tooth is one of the most common etiology for malocclusion. Space maintainers are employed to prevent this complication. In anterior region, esthetics is an important concern along with function and space management. Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) retained space maintainer solves all these purposes ef ficiently and ef fectively. In addition, the technique is simple and the appliance is very comfortable inside the oral cavity. Here is a case of premature loss of anterior primary tooth which was replaced by FRC retained esthetic functional space maintainer. The appliance was found to be functioning satisfactorily inside the oral cavity till the last visit (1 Year). How to cite this article: Goenka P, Sarawgi A, Marwah N, Gumber P, Dutta S. Simple Fixed Functional Space Maintainer. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(3):225-228.

Camellia sinensis (Tea): Implications and role in preventing dental decay.

Tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages with bioactive compounds like polyphenols-flavonoids-catechins, which are thought to be responsible for the health benefits that have traditionally been attributed to the tea. These compounds have multi-dimensional effects such as antibacterial action, inhibitory action on the bacterial and salivary amylase and inhibition of acid production. This article outlines the possible role of these compounds coupled with the presence of high fluoride content in tea to exhibit an anticariogenic effect.

Atypical presentation of bilateral maxillary supplemental lateral incisors: A rare case report.

Hyperdontia presents as a unique dental condition which may or may not require immediate corrective therapy. Supplemental teeth in the permanent dentitian comprises only 4% of all the supernumeraries, and bilateral supplemental teeth are even rarer entities. We present a rare case report of non-syndromic bilateral supplemental maxillary lateral incisors.

Correlation of general anxiety and dental anxiety in children aged 3 to 5 years: A clinical survey.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental anxiety in a group of children aged 3 to 5 years and to explore the relationships between dental anxiety and general fearful nature of the child. MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 250 children were selected for the study after due selection via inclusion criteria. Pre-school anxiety scale by Spence and Rapee (1999) was used to assess the general fear of the child and was filled by the parent during the first visit. Venham's anxiety scale was used to assess the dental anxiety which was seen during routine dental examination of the child on his first visit. RESULTS: The results were statistically analyzed using Chi square test and Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that 24% of children showed association between high level of dental anxiety and high level of general fear; 56% of children also exhibited high level of dental anxiety with moderate score of general fear and 20% of children exhibited positive correlation between low level of dental anxiety and fear. How to cite this article: Nigam AG, Marwah N, Goenka P, Chaudhry A. Correlation of general anxiety and dental anxiety in children aged 3 to 5 years: A clinical survey. J Int Oral Health 2013;5(6):18-24 .

A conservative approach in the management of inflammatory dentigerous cyst in transitional dentition: a case report.

Dentigerous cysts are benign odontogenic cysts that develop from the reduced enamel epithelium related to the crown of an unerupted and/or impacted tooth. Inflammatory dentigerous cyst is a variety of dentigerous cyst that is mostly found in the mixed dentition, and the treatment modalities range from enucleation to marsupialization. By extracting the infected primary teeth, opening the cyst, and ensuring continuous drainage, spontaneous eruption of the involved permanent teeth occurs into the dental arch even if they are severely dislocated. The purpose of this report is to describe the successful treatment of a large dentigerous cyst by conservative surgical management.

A conservative approach toward restoration of fractured anterior tooth.

Reattachment of the fractured anterior tooth is a highly conservative and aesthetic treatment that has gained popularity in the recent past. Presented here is one such case in which a combination of external enamel bevel and internal dentinal groove has been used to enhance the bonding between the fractured fragment and the remaining tooth. The treatment was found to be successful both functionally and aesthetically at the 18-month follow-up.

Biological approach for management of anterior tooth trauma: triple case report.

Anterior crown fractures are a common form of injury that mainly affect children and adolescents. The position of maxillary incisors and their eruptive pattern carries a significant risk for trauma. In the pre-adhesive era, fractured teeth needed to be restored either with pin-retained inlays or cast restorations that sacrificed healthy tooth structure, and were a challenge for clinicians to match with adjacent teeth. The development of adhesive dentistry has allowed dentists to use the patient's own fragment to restore the fractured tooth. Three cases are presented here with complicated crown fracture of maxillary central incisors; the reattachment of the fractured tooth segment in these cases has been performed using different combinations of techniques, viz. simple reattachment, circumferential bevel and internal dentinal groove.

A multidisciplinary approach to the management of a subgingivally fractured tooth: a clinical report.

Anterior tooth fracture is the most common type of trauma occurring to the dental tissues. Teeth fracturing at or below the gingival level usually have a poor prognosis, with extraction of the tooth being the most probable outcome. Clinical crown lengthening followed by prosthetic rehabilitation is a promising approach toward such cases. The clinical report presented here explains in detail the various treatment modalities available for such cases with special emphasis on orthodontic extrusion/forced eruption.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta with Anterior Open Bite: A Rare Case Report.

This clinical report describes the treatment plan for a young patient affected by amelogenesis imperfecta with anterior open bite. The objectives of the treatment were to eliminate tooth sensitivity while enhancing esthetics and restoring masticatory function. Treatment included resin composite laminate veneers on maxillary anterior teeth and stainless steel crowns for posterior teeth.

Combined surgical and nonsurgical endodontic therapy in the treatment of dens invaginatus type 3: a case report.

An accurate understanding of the morphology of the root canal system is a prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. Invaginated teeth have a complex root canal configuration that cannot be instrumented effectively. Correct diagnosis and treatment planning are fundamental to treatment of dens invaginatus. Periapical surgery is indicated in cases where a nonsurgical approach fails. A case of dens invaginatus type 3 in a maxillary lateral incisor with a periapical lesion and its successful treatment by these combined methods is reported.