Avaliação das alterações dentárias na maxila em pacientes submetidos à expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente sem o envolvimento da sutura pterigomaxilar / Assessment of maxillary dental changes in patients submitted to surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion with no involvement of pterygoid blade

OBJETIVO: avaliar as alterações nos arcos dentários superiores no sentido transversal e a quantidade de inclinações nos dentes de apoio do aparelho de expansão tipo Hyrax em pacientes submetidos à expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC) e a efetividade dessa técnica cirúrgica utilizada. A amostra foi composta por 34 pares de modelos de gesso de 17 pacientes, sendo 6 do gênero masculino e 11 do gênero feminino. MÉTODOS: as medidas foram realizadas em modelos de gesso por meio de medição das alterações nos planos vertical e transversal. O procedimento cirúrgico adotado foi uma osteotomia nas paredes laterais da maxila sem o envolvimento da lâmina pterigoide, osteotomia da espinha nasal à linha média dentária (incisivos centrais anteriores), separação da sutura palatina mediana por meio de cinzel e separação do septo nasal. O início das ativações ocorreu no terceiro dia pós-operatório, sendo uma pela manhã e uma à noite. RESULTADOS: houve expansão significativa estatisticamente na região dos caninos, primeiros e segundos pré-molares, primeiros e segundos molares, respectivamente de 6,03mm, 9,82mm, 8,66mm, 9,72mm e 5,67mm. Avaliando o comportamento dos dentes de apoio do disjuntor quanto às inclinações das coroas dentárias, notou-se que ocorreu uma vestibularização assimétrica, pois para os primeiros molares os valores encontrados foram 6,89º (direito) e 9,56º (esquerdo), e para os primeiros pré-molares os valores obtidos foram 4,74º (esquerdo) e 3,26º (direito), sendo esse considerado estatisticamente não-significativo. CONCLUSÕES: a técnica cirúrgica empregada para esta pesquisa mostrou ser eficiente para se obter alteração transversal maxilar, ocorrendo inclinação dentoalveolar dos dentes de apoio do disjuntor.

AIM: To assess the changes to the superior dental arches, in the transversal direction, and the amount of inclinations in the support teeth of the Hyrax expansion appliance in patients who underwent surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME), as well as the effectiveness of the surgical technique used. The sample was composed of 34 pairs of cast models, of 17 patients - 6 males and 11 females. METHODS: The measurements were performed on cast models, by measuring the changes on the vertical and transversal planes. The surgical procedure used was the lateral osteotomy on maxillary walls with no involvement of the pterygoid blade, osteotomy of nasal spine on dental midline (anterior central incisors), chisel separation of palatine suture, and separation of the nasal septum. The activation was initiated on the third postoperative day, consisting of two activations, one in the morning and another at night. RESULTS: There were statistically significant expansions in the regions of canines, first and second premolars, first molars, and second molars; respectively, 6.03 mm, 9.82 mm, 8.66 mm, 9.72 mm, and 5.67 mm. The evaluation of the behavior of the support teeth of the expansion appliance regarding the inclination of the dental crowns has shown that an asymmetric vestibularization had taken place, because the values found for the first molars were 6.89º (right) and 9.56º (left); the values for the first premolars were 4.74º (left) and 3.26º (right); this last value was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical technique used in this research has been shown to be efficient to obtain maxillary transversal alterations, and there was dental-alveolar inclination of the support teeth of the expansion appliance.

Avaliação qualitativa entre as radiografias cefalométricas laterais digital e convencional / Qualitative evaluation between conventional and digital lateral cephalograms

OBJETIVOS: avaliar, por meio do traçado cefalométrico e medidas cefalométricas, a dificuldade na localização das estruturas e dos pontos, tanto na radiografia convencional quanto na digital. METODOLOGIA: a amostra constituiu-se de 30 telerradiografias em norma lateral, sendo 15 convencionais e 15 digitais. Essas radiografias foram obtidas de 15 indivíduos brasileiros, adultos, sendo que de cada paciente obteve-se uma radiografia convencional e uma digital. RESULTADOS: com base nos dados obtidos, observou-se que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparados os dois métodos de estudo. CONCLUSÕES: sendo assim, concluiu-se que, independentemente do método aplicado, o indivíduo que realiza o traçado, seja manual ou por meio de programas de computador, tanto na radiografia convencional quanto na digital, deve estar treinado e calibrado para a execução do mesmo.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate, by cephalometric tracing and measurements, the difficulty in the localization of structures and points on both conventional and digital lateral cephalograms. METHODS: The sample comprised 30 lateral cephalograms, being 15 conventional and 15 digital. These radiographs were taken from 15 Brazilian adult subjects, with achievement of one conventional and one digital cephalogram for each subject. RESULTS: The obtained data revealed no statistically significant difference between the two study methods. CONCLUSION: Thus, it was concluded that, regardless of the utilized method, the professional performing the cephalometric tracing, either manually or with a computer software, should be well trained and calibrated for that.

Hyrax appliance opening and pattern of skeletal maxillary expansion after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a computed tomography evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate, using computed tomography, correlations between Hyrax appliance opening and post-SARPE skeletal changes. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen patients underwent SARPE according to a specific protocol and were followed. Linear and angular measurements of the anterior, intermediate, and posterior portions of the maxilla were evaluated. The correlation between maxillary expansion and appliance opening was investigated. RESULTS: Significant overall expansion was observed. In the anterior and intermediate portions of the maxilla, the increase in maxillary width was greater than that observed in the posterior portion. The degree of appliance opening was significantly greater than that of the skeletal expansion. Also, no linear correlation between appliance opening and regional maxillary expansion was established. CONCLUSION: The transverse expansion of the maxilla was less than uniform. The lack of linear correlation between appliance opening and skeletal expansion is attributable to multiple factors, including those related to the device, the surgical technique, and the craniofacial deformity itself.

Using computed tomography to evaluate maxillary changes after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion.

Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) is the procedure of choice for treating transverse maxillary deficiency in adult patients. The use of computed tomography (CT) as a method of evaluating the efficiency of this procedure has not been yet reported. Consequently, few landmarks for use in evaluating maxillary expansion have been defined. The goals of the present study were to define parameters to assess skeletal changes after SARPE and to use CT to evaluate those parameters. From June of 2004 to May of 2005, 15 patients underwent SARPE (a modified Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy without pterygomaxillary separation, together with a sagittal palatal osteotomy) according to a defined protocol. To determine the pattern of transversal expansion, linear and angular measurements of the anterior, intermediate, and posterior portions of the maxilla were evaluated in axial and coronal views. The cross-sectional area of the maxilla was calculated to obtain general information about maxillary expansion. The reliability of the method was confirmed. Significant overall expansion was observed. However, different patterns of expansion were seen in the three regions analyzed. In the anterior and intermediate portions of the maxilla, the increase in maxillary width was greater than that observed in the posterior portion. The transverse expansion of the maxilla achieved through SARPE without pterygoid plate separation was less than uniform. The accurate evaluation of the postoperative changes was heavily dependent upon images acquired through CT.

O dilema da estabilidade na expansão maxilar / The dilemmma of the stability in the maxillary expansion

Neste trabalho analisou-se criteriosamente a literatura pertinente sobre a estabilidade transversal da expansão rápida da maxila (ERM), da expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC) e da expansão cirúrgica Le Fort I segmentada (ECS). Foram encontradas controvérsias entre os autores em relação à técnica cirúrgica utilizada, período de contenção pósy operatória, sobrecorreção e recidiva. Pode-se concluir que de acordo com este trabalho, são necessários estudos por um tempo maior para se verificar a estabilidade a longo termo.

In this work the apt literature about the transverse stability of the rapid maxillary expansion (RME), surgically assisted maxillaryexpansion (SARME) and segmented surgical expansion Le Fort I, has been analyzed in a very discerning way. Controversies reIated to the surgical technique utilized, postoperative contention period, overcorrection and reIapse, have been found among the authors. In conclusion, according to a clear-sighted revision of the literature of this work, much more time is necessary of studies, to verify the long term stability.