The peculiarities of immunological indicators in hiv-infected persons with tuberculosis

Introduction: Epidemics of such dangerous diseases as HIV infection and tuberculosis continue to develop annually. Tuberculosis has become the main cause of mortality in AIDS patients. Both diseases have a negative effect on the state of the immune system, affecting the cells of the lymphatic system. The aim of the work is to carry out a comparative comprehensive immunological examination of HIV-infected and immunocompetent patients with active tuberculosis. Material and methods: It was carried out a comprehensive immunological examination of 231 patients, in particular 155 HIV-infected patients with active TB and 76 cases with TB only. The HIV / TB group was divided into 3 subgroups depending on the time of TB attachment to HIV infection. It was compared with CD4 + T-lymphocytes, CD8 + T-lymphocytes, CD4 + / CD8 +, levels of interleukin-4 (IF-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and results delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (TGS) with tuberculin for groups with a combined HIV / TB infection and TB-mono-infected patients. Results: The difference between CD4 + T-lymphocytes, CD4 + / CD8 + with associated HIV / TB infection, and also in the 1st and 3rd HIV / TB subgroups, as compared to those with TB monoinfection, was shown to be significantly more pronounced CD4 + T lymphocytes and a higher index of CD4 + / CD8 + in patients with TB monoinfection. Conclusions: CD4 + T-lymphocyte ratios, CD4 + / CD8 + ratios are significantly lower with associated HIV / TB infection in comparison with patients with TB monoinfection. The level of CD4 + T-lymphocytes is significantly lower in infiltrative, fibrous-cavernous and extra pulmonary (peripheral and central lymph nodes) TB, which is combined with HIV infection compared to TB monoinfection.

Fulminant meningococcemia in adult caucasian male.

Meningococcal infection remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Based on the sequence of pathophysiological mechanisms and the agent and host factors, a wide spectrum of presentations may be seen. Here we report a non-fatal case of fulminant form of meningococcemia beginning as food poisoning complicated with shock I degree due to partially adrenal hemorrhage in Caucasian adult male.