RESUMO
The entity described by Gunnar Stickler, which included hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathy associated with retinal detachment, has recently been recognised to consist of a number of subgroups, which might now more correctly be referred to as the Stickler syndromes. They are the most common clinical manifestation of the type II/XI collagenopathies and are the most common cause of inherited rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This review article is intended to provide the ophthalmologist with an update on current research, subgroups, and their diagnosis together with a brief overview of allied conditions to be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis. We highlight the recently identified subgroups with a high risk of retinal detachment but with minimal or absent systemic involvement--a particularly important group for the ophthalmologist to identify.
Assuntos
Artrite/diagnóstico , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologia , Artrite/complicações , Artrite/genética , Colágeno Tipo II/genética , Colágeno Tipo XI/genética , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/complicações , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transtornos da Audição/etiologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/complicações , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Humanos , Anormalidades Maxilomandibulares/etiologia , Fenótipo , Descolamento Retiniano/complicações , Descolamento Retiniano/diagnóstico , Descolamento Retiniano/genética , Corpo Vítreo/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the caloric vestibular test causes significant changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure before and after caloric irrigation were compared with the degree of nystagmus (as measured by maximum slow phase velocity) and the patient's subjective dizziness (scored from 0 to 10). A cardiologist reviewed each patient's heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure changes. Patients' anxiety levels were also assessed. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were recruited. There were no adverse events in any patient. There were no overall significant differences between the heart rate and mean arterial pressure before and after each irrigation. There was a significant correlation between the maximum slow phase velocity and patients' subjective dizziness scores. CONCLUSION: Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure are not significantly influenced by the caloric vestibular test. This preliminary study will enable patients with stable cardiovascular disease to be recruited for further risk determination.