Infiltration OF 5Y-PSZ with thermally compatible glass: Strength, microstructure and failure mode analyses.

This study set out to develop a thermally compatible glass to be infiltrated into zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium oxide (5Y-PSZ), to characterize it, and to evaluate its structural reliability and mechanical behavior. 5Y-PSZ zirconia discs (N = 90), dimensions 1.5 mm × 15 mm were produced, polished with #600 alumina oxide and #1200 silicon carbide sandpaper in a polisher. Three groups of 5Y-PSZ discs were assigned (n = 30): Zctrl: as sintered zirconia, Zinf-comp: glass-infiltrated zirconia on the occlusal surface, and sintered, and Zinf-tens: glass-infiltrated zirconia on the cementing surface and sintered; for biaxial flexural strength testing (ISO 6872:2015). A gel was synthesized via the sol-gel method and applied to the ceramic surface. Mechanical assay data (MPa) were evaluated via Weibull analysis (α = 5%) and specimens via X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and fractographic analysis. The Zinf-tens group showed a characteristic strength of 824 MPa and m = 9.9; Zinf-comp 613 MPa and m = 10.2; Zctrl 534 MPa and m = 8; all groups differed statistically (σ0). However, they were similar in structural homogeneity (m). XRD showed 20-50 µm of infiltration, which means dissolution of part of the yttrium and reduction in the size of the cubic grains. In addition, the Zinf-tens group presented a failure origin from inside the material. The developed glass infiltrated into zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium oxide, increasing its characteristic strength and structural homogeneity by reducing surface defects and changing the failure mode.

Associação entre eficiência alimentar e ganho em acabamento de carcaça de bovinos da raça Nelore / Association between feed efficiency and carcass finishinging gain of Nellore cattle

Objetivou-se estimar a associação fenotípica entre a eficiência alimentar e o ganho em acabamento de carcaça de touros jovens da raça Nelore. Utilizaram-se informações de 98 touros jovens da raça Nelore, participantes de duas provas de eficiência alimentar que empregaram o sistema de cochos eletrônicos Growsafe®, as quais foram realizadas nos anos de 2015 e 2016, na fazenda Capim Branco, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. As provas de eficiência alimentar tiveram duração de 91 dias, sendo 21 dias de adaptação e 70 dias de avaliação. Os animais apresentavam idade média ao início e ao término do confinamento de 19,98 e 22,16 meses e peso inicial e final médio de 428,17 e 542,27kg, respectivamente. Verificou-se que os animais mais eficientes depositaram menos gordura, e os animais menos eficientes depositaram mais gordura durante o período de avaliação em confinamento. Observou-se que há uma associação fenotípica de baixa magnitude (0,29) entre o consumo alimentar residual (CAR) e o ganho em acabamento de carcaça (GACAB). Assim, pode-se inferir que, ao serem selecionados menores valores de CAR, haverá alguma interferência negativa em GACAB. Concluiu-se que animais mais eficientes (CAR negativo) podem apresentar menor deposição de gordura subcutânea, influenciando na qualidade de carcaça de bovinos da raça Nelore.(AU)

This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic association between feed efficiency and gain in carcass finishing of young Nelore bulls. Information from 98 young Nelore bulls participating in two feed efficiency tests using the Growsafe® electronic trough system, carried out in the years 2015 and 2016, at the Capim Branco farm of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia was used .The feed efficiency tests lasted for 91 days, with 21 days of adaptation and 70 days of evaluation. The animals had a mean age at the beginning and end of the confinement of 19.98 and 22.16 months, and mean weight initial and end of 428.17 and 542.27kg, respectively. It was verified that most efficient animals deposited less fat, and the efficient animals deposited more fat during the evaluation period at the confinement. It was observed that there is a low magnitude phenotypic association (0.29) between the residual feed intake (RFI) and the gain in carcass finishing (GACAB). Thus, it can be inferred that by selecting lower values of residual feed intake there will be some negative interference in GACAB. It was concluded that the most efficient animals (negative RFI) may present lower deposition of subcutaneous fat, influencing the carcass quality of Nelore cattle.(AU)

Solitary fibrous tumour of pleura: CT differentiation of benign and malignant types.

AIM: To analyse and compare the computed tomography (CT) features of benign and malignant types of histopathologically proven cases of solitary fibrous tumours of pleura (SFTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of preoperative CT images of 28 cases of histopathologically proven and classified SFTP from three participating institutions was performed. Patient demographics and lesion characteristics including size, borders, presence of a pedicle, extension into the fissure, attenuation, enhancement, pleural effusion, and calcifications were recorded and correlated with the final histopathological diagnosis. Type and results of preoperative biopsy were also recorded. Follow-up imaging and the clinical charts were reviewed to identify recurrence. RESULTS: Out of 28 cases (15 women and 13 men), 18 were proven to be benign and 10 were malignant. The mean age of patients was 58.1±15.9 and 66.5±11.8 years (p=0.1564) for benign and malignant tumours, respectively. The median (interquartile range) diameter was 6.05 (3.2-10.9) cm for benign and 15.7 (7.1-17.5) cm for malignant type tumours (p=0.0291). Tumours had lobulate borders in 28% (5/18) of benign cases and in 80% (8/10) of malignant cases (p=0.0163). Extension into adjacent fissure was seen in 22% (4/18) of benign lesions and 40% (4/10) of malignant lesions (p=0.40). A pedicle was present in 17% (3/18) of benign and 10% (1/10) of malignant lesions (p=1). Heterogeneous attenuation was present in 61% (11/18) of benign and 90% (9/10) of malignant lesions (p=0.19). Calcification was present in 17% (3/18) of benign tumours and in 70% (7/10) of malignant tumours (p=0.0113). Pleural effusion was present in 6% (1/18) of benign and 40% (4/10) of malignant lesions (p=0.04). Only 1/13 preoperative fine-needle aspirates yielded diagnosis of SFTP. Preoperative diagnosis of SFTP was made in all cases (11/11) with core biopsies. At follow-up (1-10 years, mean 3 years), local recurrence occurred in 3/6 (50%) patients with malignant SFTP and in none of the 10 patients with benign SFTP. CONCLUSION: No definite imaging feature to differentiate benign from malignant SFTP was found. Large size, lobulate borders, presence of calcification, and ipsilateral pleural effusion were the only CT features predictive of malignancy. In suspected cases, core biopsies should be performed rather than fine-needle aspiration.

Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Diabetes Insipidus in a Young Smoker.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is characterized by the abnormal nodular proliferation of histiocytes in various organ systems. Pulmonary involvement seen in young adults is nearly always seen in the context of past or current cigarette smoking. Although it tends to be a single-system disease, extrapulmonary manifestations involving the skin, bone, and hypothalamic-pituitary-axis are possible. High resolution CT (HRCT) of the thorax findings includes centrilobular nodules and cysts that are bizarre in shape, variable in size, and thin-walled. Often the diagnosis can be made based on the appropriate clinical presentation and typical imaging findings. Treatment includes smoking cessation and the potential use of glucocorticoids or cytotoxic agents depending on the severity of disease and multisystem involvement.

The radiological spectrum of pulmonary lymphoproliferative disease.

Pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) are characterised by abnormal proliferation of indigenous cell lines or infiltration of lung parenchyma by lymphoid cells. They encompass a wide spectrum of focal or diffuse abnormalities, which may be classified as reactive or neoplastic on the basis of cellular morphology and clonality. The spectrum of reactive disorders results primarily from antigenic stimulation of bronchial mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and comprises three main entities: follicular bronchiolitis, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and (more rarely) nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. Primary parenchymal neoplasms are most commonly extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of MALT origin (MALT lymphomas), followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) and lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG). Secondary lymphomatous parenchymal neoplasms (both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas) are far more prevalent than primary neoplasms. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma (ARL) and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) may also primarily affect the lung parenchyma. Modern advances in treatments for AIDS and transplant medicine are associated with an increase in the incidence of LPD and have heightened the need to understand the range of imaging appearance of these diseases. The multidetector CT (MDCT) findings of LPD are heterogeneous, thereby reflecting the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of these entities. Understanding the spectrum of LPD and the various imaging manifestations is crucial because the radiologist is often the first one to suggest the diagnosis and has a pivotal role in differentiating these diseases. The current concepts of LPD are discussed together with a demonstration of the breadth of MDCT patterns within this disease spectrum.

Ergonomics issues in conceiving an accessible project.

Public space is endowed with undeniable social relevance, thus becoming a defining element of integration and interaction among its users. Aware of this importance the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), linked to the Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC), develops the project "UFPB para todos: eliminando barreiras'' (UFPB for all: removing barriers) that aims to conceive an architectural design of an accessible rout to UFPB's campus I, and execute a pilot stretch of this route. This article aims to subsidize the preprojectual phase by understanding the needs of this campus' users, through the concepts of ergonomics and universal design. Was performed out direct observation of the space, and the methods of interviews and observation of user behavior were applied to a group of students with disabilities, through the techniques of assisted walking, photographic and video recording. Based on those, projective guidelines have been defined, which will contribute to the final project's quality, so that this is not a simple application of the rule, but works free of segregating barriers.

Clinical depression and HIV risk-related sexual behaviors among African-American adolescent females: unmasking the numbers.

Clinically depressed and nondepressed African-American adolescent females aged 13-19 years (N=131) were interviewed and surveyed to determine the relationship between depression and HIV risk-related sexual behaviors. Narratives indicate that the psychopathology of depression may create situations where the target population could become exposed to HIV. Specifically, depressed participants described feelings of loneliness, isolation, and wanting somebody to "comfort them" as aspects of depression that affect the decisions they make about sex and relationships. In essence, sex was viewed as a stress reliever, an anti-depressant and a way to increase self-esteem. They shared that even if they did not feel like having sex, they might just "git it over wit" so their partners would stop asking. Some also discussed financial and emotional stability offered by older, more sexually experienced partners. These age-discordant relationships often translated into trusting that their partners knew what was best for their sexual relationships (i.e., having unprotected sex). Sixty-nine percent (n=88) of the sample reported engaging in sexual activity. Given their mean age (16 ± 1.9 years) participants had been sexually active for 2 ± 1.8 years. The adolescents reported an average of 2 ± 1.8 sexual partners within the past three months. Depressed participants reported a higher frequency of having ever had sex (78% vs. 59%, χ(2)=5.236, p=0.022), and had a higher mean number of sexual partners (2 vs. 1, t=-2.023, p= 0.048) and sexual encounters under the influence of drugs and alcohol (8 vs. 2, t=-3.078, p=0.005) in the past three months. The results of this study can guide the modification and/or development of tailored HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention programs. The findings provide explicit, psychologically and culturally relevant information regarding the interaction between depression, self-medicating behaviors and risk for HIV/STIs among clinically depressed African-American adolescent females.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy versus core-needle biopsy in diagnosing lung cancer: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer leads cancer-related mortality in the world. The objective of the present systematic review was to compare fine-needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) with core-needle biopsy (cnb) for diagnostic characteristics and yields for diagnosing lung cancer in patients with lung lesions. METHODS: The medline and embase databases (from January 1, 1990, to September 14, 2009), the Cochrane Library (to Issue 4, 2009), and selected guideline Web sites were searched for relevant articles. RESULTS: For overall diagnostic characteristics (benign vs. malignant) of fnab and cnb, the ranges of sensitivity were 81.3%-90.8% and 85.7-97.4% respectively; of specificity, 75.4%-100.0% and 88.6%-100.0%; and of accuracy, 79.7%-91.8% and 89.0%-96.9%. For specific diagnostic characteristics of fnab and cnb (identifying the histologic subtype of malignancies or the specific benign diagnoses), the ranges of sensitivity were 56.3%-86.5% and 56.5-88.7% respectively; of specificity, 6.7%-57.1% and 52.4%-100.0%; and of accuracy, 40.4%-81.2% and 66.7%-93.2%. Compared with fnab, cnb did not result in a higher complication rate (pneumothorax or hemoptysis). No study has yet compared the diagnostic yields of fnab and of cnb for molecular predictive-marker studies in patients with lung lesions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The evidence is currently insufficient to support a difference between fnab and cnb in identifying lung malignancies in patients with lung lesions. Compared with fnab, cnb might have a higher specificity to diagnose specific benign lesions. Well-designed, good-quality studies comparing fnab with cnb for diagnostic characteristics and yields in diagnosing lung cancer should be encouraged.

Influence of different types of seat cushions on the static sitting posture in individuals with spinal cord injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of the Postural Assessment Software PAS/SAPO in the posture analysis of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) during sitting position and to analyze if the use of different types of seat cushions-gel and foam, with no cushion-can interfere in the individual's posture during sitting position. SETTING: Centre of Rehabilitation at the University Hospital (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. METHODS: Eight individuals, four paraplegics and four tetraplegics with SCI and 20 healthy individuals participated in the study. Photos were taken of individuals in the sitting position using foam, gel cushions and with no cushion. They were analyzed using the PAS/SAPO. The alignment of the anterior-superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the posterior pelvic tilt were evaluated from the angle formed between the ASIS and the greater trochanter of the femur. RESULTS: The group of healthy individuals presented the best postural alignment when compared with the group with SCI, both for the ASIS alignment (P<0.05) and for the degree of posterior pelvic tilt (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the variables analyzed when the seat cushions were compared. CONCLUSION: The different types of cushions did not alter the sitting posture; however, individuals with SCI showed worse postural alignment than the healthy individuals. PAS/SAPO was demonstrated to be useful for postural assessment.

The association between osteoporosis and static balance in elderly women.

SUMMARY: This study aimed at answering the question: do people with high bone loss have greater postural instability? Groups were separated into group 1: women with normal bone mineral density, group 2: women with osteopenia, and group 3: women with osteoporosis. The balance was evaluated in four upright postural situations. Osteoporosis group had greater oscillation in the anteroposterior displacement in all situations compared to control group and the greatest mediolateral displacement in all situations compared to other groups. INTRODUCTION: It is not known whether the presence of osteoporosis can be considered a factor aggravating the postural control. This study aimed at answering the question: do people with high bone loss have greater postural instability? METHODS: This study was divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 20) consisting of women with normal bone mineral density, group 2 (n = 20) women with osteopenia, and group 3 (n = 20) women with osteoporosis. All the participants were submitted to evaluation of the balance using the Polhemus system in four upright postural situations. RESULTS: Osteoporosis group had greater oscillation in the anteroposterior displacement in all situations compared to control group. The osteoporosis group also showed the greatest mediolateral displacement in all situations compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that osteoporotic women had the worst balance, possibly due to the more pronounced body changes compared to non-osteoporotic women.

Low occurrence of occult hepatitis B virus infection and high frequency of hepatitis C virus genotype 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazil

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to evaluate the presence of occult HBV infection in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) with or without HCC in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum and liver tissue samples from 50 hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients with HCV-related LC who underwent liver transplantation at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine Hospital from 1993 to 2004 were divided into groups with LC only (N = 33) and with LC plus HCC (N = 17). HBV DNA was assayed for serum and paraffin-embedded liver tissue (tumoral and non-tumoral) using real time PCR and only 1 case with HCC had HBV DNA-positive serum. All liver samples were negative. HCV genotype 3 was detected in 17/39 (43.7 percent) cases. In conclusion, using a sensitive real time PCR directed to detect HBV variants circulating in Brazil, occult hepatitis B infection was not found among HCV-positive cirrhotic patients and was rarely found among HCV-positive HCC patients. These results are probably related to the low prevalence of HBV infection in our population. Furthermore, we have also shown that HCV genotype 3 is frequently found in Brazilian cirrhotic patients, particularly when they also have HCC. More studies involving a large number of cases should be carried out to confirm these data and to further characterize Brazilian HCV genotype isolates to elucidate genetic features that might be related to its carcinogenic potential.

Low occurrence of occult hepatitis B virus infection and high frequency of hepatitis C virus genotype 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazil.

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to evaluate the presence of occult HBV infection in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) with or without HCC in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum and liver tissue samples from 50 hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients with HCV-related LC who underwent liver transplantation at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine Hospital from 1993 to 2004 were divided into groups with LC only (N = 33) and with LC plus HCC (N = 17). HBV DNA was assayed for serum and paraffin-embedded liver tissue (tumoral and non-tumoral) using real time PCR and only 1 case with HCC had HBV DNA-positive serum. All liver samples were negative. HCV genotype 3 was detected in 17/39 (43.7%) cases. In conclusion, using a sensitive real time PCR directed to detect HBV variants circulating in Brazil, occult hepatitis B infection was not found among HCV-positive cirrhotic patients and was rarely found among HCV-positive HCC patients. These results are probably related to the low prevalence of HBV infection in our population. Furthermore, we have also shown that HCV genotype 3 is frequently found in Brazilian cirrhotic patients, particularly when they also have HCC. More studies involving a large number of cases should be carried out to confirm these data and to further characterize Brazilian HCV genotype isolates to elucidate genetic features that might be related to its carcinogenic potential.

A concept analysis of relational aggression.

The purpose of this article is to conduct a concept analysis of the phenomenon of relational aggression. With the increases in violence among our youth, the topic of aggression, and more specifically relational aggression, has gained an increasing interest. Discussion of relational aggression is imperative because it lends credence to a type of aggression not readily studied in previous decades. A new understanding of relational aggression will aide in future nursing and multidisciplinary research studies and will guide health promotion interventions to alleviate the consequences of relational aggression for adolescent girls. Therefore, with an increased knowledge about the consequences of relational aggression the nurse can provide appropriate nursing interventions to combat the detriment associated with it.

Collagen and elastic system in the remodelling process of major types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP).

AIMS: Structural remodelling in acute and chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) has been extensively investigated, but little attention has been directed to the elastic tissue in these situations. The aim of this study was to determine whether elastic deposition accompanies collagen deposition in the four major histological patterns of IIP: diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), organizing pneumonia (OP), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured, by image analysis, the content of fibres of the collagenous and elastic systems of the alveolar septum in histological slides of open lung biopsies, using the picrosirius-polarization method and Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin stain, respectively. Five groups were studied: 10 cases of DAD; nine cases of OP; nine cases of NSIP; and 10 cases of UIP. Four normal lungs were used for comparison. The content of collagen fibres was significantly higher in UIP when compared to DAD, NSIP, OP and normal lung. The content of elastic fibres was increased in comparison with normal lungs but this was not significantly different among the histological patterns. CONCLUSION: Acute and chronic IIP cause a similar increase in the collagen and elastic contents of the lungs, representing a process of 'fibroelastosis' rather than an exclusive process of fibrosis. A profibrogenic mechanism is responsible for the unparallelled collagen augmentation observed in UIP subjects, the nature of which is yet to be determined.

Intrapericardial paraganglioma.

We describe the case of an intrapericardial pheochromocytoma located in the anterior surface of the heart and spreading over the pulmonary trunk. Under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) the tumor was removed. "En bloc" resection of the anterior wall of the right ventricular infundibulum and the pulmonary trunk was performed, with implantation of a fresh aortic homograft in the pulmonary position to avoid free pulmonary regurgitation.

Alimentaçäo na terceira idade / Feed in the aging

Material didático, com noçöes básicas de nutriçäo sobre dietas de acordo com cada idade, compra, conservaçäo e processamento de alimentos, assim como doenças transmitidas pelos alimentos e as respectivas dietas. (MC)

Prevalência de asma em escolares de Ribeiräo Preto / Asthma prevalence in school children in Ribeiräo Preto

A asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica de vias aéreas, ligada à hiper-reatividade brônquica, cuja prevalência vem aumentando nas últimas décadas. Entretanto, os estudos sao controversos e há poucas informaçoes regionais sobre esses dados. Com a finalidade de estudas sua prevalência em uma amostra de escolares de Ribeirao Preto e tentar mostrar a utilidade da medida do pico de fluxo expiratório como instrumento de triagem, foram avaliados 476 escolares de 6 a 12 anos, através de questionário padronizado. Obteve-se prevalência cumulativa de 11 por cento e a atual de 8,8 por cento, com discreto predomínio no sexo masculino. Em relaçao ao tratamento da crise aguda, foi observado que 19 por cento das crianças nao o faz, e 40 por cento dos que têm episódios freqüêntes nao usam medicamentos no período intercrítico, o que aumenta a morbidade do quadro. Observou-se preconceito sobre a doença, sobre a medicaçao empregada e seu tempo de uso. Nao foi observada associaçao entre o hábito dos pais fumarem e a ocorrência de asma na criança, ao contrário da prematuridade e/ou uso de oxigênio no período neonatal, que ocorreu em 21 por cento dos asmáticos contra 5 por cento dos assintomáticos. A medida do pico de fluxo expiratório mostrou-se inadequada como teste de triagem para detectar obstruçao se forem considerados os limites de 2 desvios-padrao abaixo da curva. Sugere-se estudos mais detalhados para conclusao deste tópico. Conclui-se sugerindo que sejam feitas campanhas de esclarecimento da populaçao, na tentativa de um melhor conhecimento e, por tanto, controle da doença.

Estrategia de implantacao de um nucleo de saude mental em servico de clinica medica. / Strategy to establish a mental health unit in a medical service

O estudo visa relatar a implantacao de um nucleo de saude mental na 9a. enfermaria da Santa Casa da Misericordia do Rio de Janeiro. A equipe do nucleo usou como modelo a tecnica de "interconsulta", proposta por Luchina. E exemplificado atraves de um caso clinico considerado bastante significativo, o trabalho realizado pelas psicologas, sob a orientacao do supervisor