A dataset for benchmarking Neotropical anuran calls identification in passive acoustic monitoring.

Global change is predicted to induce shifts in anuran acoustic behavior, which can be studied through passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Understanding changes in calling behavior requires automatic identification of anuran species, which is challenging due to the particular characteristics of neotropical soundscapes. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale multi-species dataset of anuran amphibians calls recorded by PAM, that comprises 27 hours of expert annotations for 42 different species from two Brazilian biomes. We provide open access to the dataset, including the raw recordings, experimental setup code, and a benchmark with a baseline model of the fine-grained categorization problem. Additionally, we highlight the challenges of the dataset to encourage machine learning researchers to solve the problem of anuran call identification towards conservation policy. All our experiments and resources have been made available at https://soundclim.github.io/anuraweb/ .

Healthcare System Impact on Deceased Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Comparison Between the Top 10 Organ Donor Countries With 4 Countries in Southeast Asia.

The need for organ donation is constantly increasing. Some countries have made improvements, while others, such as countries in Southeast Asia (SEA), have some of the lowest rates of deceased donors (pmp). This review aims to compare 14 countries with regards to many variables related to healthcare systems. Countries leading in deceased organ donation spend more on health and education, which is associated with increased potential for deceased organ donation. Out-of-pocket expenditure, is also associated with a decrease in deceased organ donation. Countries in SEA are lacking in healthcare resources such as workforce and materials, which are both necessary for a successful transplant program. Most countries in SEA have an excellent foundation for successful organ donation systems, including proper legislation, government support, and brain death laws along with an overall acceptance of brain death diagnosis. Priorities should include improving coordination, donor identification, and healthcare worker education. Countries in SEA have a lot of potential to increase deceased organ donation, especially by investing in healthcare and education. There is no one size fits all for organ donation programs and countries in SEA should focus on their strengths and take cultural differences into consideration when planning interventions.

A multidisciplinary approach reveals a new species of glassfrog from Colombia (Anura: Centrolenidae: Nymphargus).

Anurans of the family Centrolenidae are a highly diverse clade of Neotropical treefrogs. In the last two decades, glassfrogs have become a model system for studies in ecology and evolutionary biology, in part because their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are considered relatively well established. However, there are still many gaps in our knowledge, for example, which morphological characters are important for species delimitation. Consequently, several species complexes in Centrolenidae remain unresolved. Using data on external and internal morphology of adult individuals, tadpoles, advertisement call traits and genetic sequences, we describe a new species of glassfrog (Nymphargus pijao sp. nov.) endemic to Colombia that has been previously missasigned to Nymphargus griffithsi. We include in this description data of three phenotypic characters related to pectoral musculature and testis size, which have been traditionally overlooked in studies about the taxonomy and systematics of glassfrogs. In addition, we present details of a low-cost method implemented in the field to rear tadpoles of the new species. This methodology can solve common problems during the management and care of glassfrogs egg masses and tadpoles, and hence, promotes their description for more species and a better knowledge of the anuran biodiversity in Neotropics.

Kidney Donation and Transplant Outcomes in Trinidad and Tobago: A 15-Year Experience of the National Organ Transplant Unit.

OBJECTIVES: Trinidad and Tobago is the only English- speaking Caribbean country with an established kidney transplant program from living and deceased donors. The program is managed by the National OrganTransplant Unit.This study analyzed the 15-year experience of the public program in terms of transplant outcomes and procurement quality at the main deceased donor procurement hospital using some DOPKI and ODEQUS quality indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data from 2006 through 2020 from the National OrganTransplantUnit database, surveyedhospital staffonorgandonationand transplant after face-to-face education activities on these subjects, and provided an online survey to religious leaders.DOPKI and ODEQUS quality indicators from 1 procurement center were also recorded. RESULTS: During the data collection period, 195 transplants were achieved, with 23.6% from deceased donors. Deceased donation and deceased donor kidney transplant rates ranged from 0.71 to 3.6 and from 0.71 to 7.1 per million population, respectively. Since 2011, deceased donor registry and actual deceased donors increased 6-fold and 14-fold, respectively, while living donor transplants doubled and deceased donor transplants increased 15-fold. Quality parameters revealed major gaps in deceased donor critical pathway, with limited transplant budget, absence of hospital budget for deceased donor organ retrieval processes, important deficiencies in deceased donor registry and waiting lists, refusal of expanded criteria donors, and missed donation opportunities from poor HLA reagent supply chain management. Religious leaders and health care workers showed supportive positive attitudes toward organ donation and transplant. CONCLUSIONS: The public organ donation and transplant program of Trinidad and Tobago has performed reasonably well over a 15-year period. Enhancing quality performance and donation effectiveness requires rebalancing and improving resource allocation from renal dialysis to kidney transplant, funding deceased organ procurement, and facilitating education of religious leaders and health care professionals for end-of-life care and change of community values in organ transplant decisions.

Leadership, management, quality, and innovation in organ donation: 2019 Kunming recommendations for One Belt & One Road countries.

The findings and recommendations of the 2019 consensus conference in organ donation, held in Kunming, China, are here reported. The main objective of the conference was to gather relevant information from experts involved in the field. The data and opinions provided allowed to propose a series of recommendations for "One Belt & One Road Countries" on how to achieve self-sufficiency in organ donation. Leadership in organ donation should be results-oriented and goal-driven based on the principles of excellence, empowerment, and engagement, providing the means, resources, and strategies necessary to reach the goal in earnest. Management includes good governance and transparency of a national registry of patients in the waiting list, donors, transplants, transplant teams, quality, and safety programs with continuous educational training of health care professionals. Mandatory monitoring, auditing and evaluation of quality must be incorporated into donation practices as relevant points in innovation, as well as the adoption of already established and novel processes and technologies. Achievement of self-sufficiency in organ donation is a crucial step to fight against transplant tourism and to prevent organ trafficking. Based on recommendations arising from the conference, each country could review and develop individualized action plans adjusted to its own circumstances and reality.

Leadership, management, quality, and innovation in organ donation: 2019 Kunming recommendations for One Belt & One Road countries

ABSTRACT The findings and recommendations of the 2019 consensus conference in organ donation, held in Kunming, China, are here reported. The main objective of the conference was to gather relevant information from experts involved in the field. The data and opinions provided allowed to propose a series of recommendations for "One Belt & One Road Countries" on how to achieve self-sufficiency in organ donation. Leadership in organ donation should be results-oriented and goal-driven based on the principles of excellence, empowerment, and engagement, providing the means, resources, and strategies necessary to reach the goal in earnest. Management includes good governance and transparency of a national registry of patients in the waiting list, donors, transplants, transplant teams, quality, and safety programs with continuous educational training of health care professionals. Mandatory monitoring, auditing and evaluation of quality must be incorporated into donation practices as relevant points in innovation, as well as the adoption of already established and novel processes and technologies. Achievement of self-sufficiency in organ donation is a crucial step to fight against transplant tourism and to prevent organ trafficking. Based on recommendations arising from the conference, each country could review and develop individualized action plans adjusted to its own circumstances and reality.

The Effect of Monitoring: How Data Collection Type and Frequency Boosts Participation and the Adoption of Best Practices in a Coffee Agronomy Training Program in Rwanda.

BACKGROUND: The impact of surveying on individuals' behavior and decision making has been widely studied in academic literature on market research but not so much the impact of monitoring on economic development interventions. OBJECTIVES: To estimate whether different monitoring strategies lead to improvement in participation levels and adoption of best practices for coffee production for farmer who participated in TechnoServe Agronomy Training Program in Rwanda. RESEARCH DESIGN: Farmers were identified randomly for monitoring purposes to belong to two different groups and then selected depending on the additional criterion of having productive coffee trees. We estimate treatment-on-the-treated and intention-to-treat effects on training attendance rates and farmers best-practice adoptions using difference-in-differences estimation techniques. SUBJECTS: Farmers were randomly identified to a high or low monitoring with different type and frequency of data collection and selected if they had productive coffee trees as part of the monitoring strategy. MEASURES: Attendance to training sessions by all farmers in the program and best-practice adoption data for improving coffee yield. RESULTS: We find that monitoring led to surprisingly large increases in farmer participation levels in the project and also improved best-practice adoption rates. We also find that higher frequency of data collection has long-lasting effects and are more pronounced for low-attendance farmers. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring not only provides more data and a better understanding of project dynamics, which in turn can help improve design, but can also improve processes and outcomes, in particular for the least engaged.

Edad motora versus edad corregida en infantes prematuros y con bajo peso al nacer / Low birth weight premature children's motor development age compared to their corrected age

Antecedentes. El desarrollo motor en niños prematuros es reconocido como un desarrollo lento y con diferente calidad de movimiento (1); por tal motivo, se hace necesario que en la valoración de las habilidades motoras de esta población se utilicen herramientas sensibles a la detección de sus características motrices. Objetivo. Identificar la diferencia entre la edad corregida versus edad motora en los infantes pertenecientes al Programa Madre Canguro del Hospital de Suba, de la ciudad de Bogotá, durante el segundo periodo del 2013. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo correlacional con una muestra n=15 infantes prematuros o con bajo peso al nacer, valorados a través de la Escala Motora del Infante de Alberta (EMIA). Se realizaron correlaciones entre variables, como edad cronológica en meses, edad corregida, semanas de gestación y peso. Resultados. Se encontró relación entre la edad cronológica del infante, la edad corregida y el peso (p<0,05); a medida que cualquiera de estas variables incrementa, la edad motora también lo hace. Se encontró 1,5 meses de diferencia entre la edad corregida y la edad motora (p<0,05). Conclusiones. La edad motora y la edad corregida de los infantes pertenecientes al Programa Madre Canguro del Hospital de Suba presenta diferencias significativas, ratificándose que las intervenciones desde fisioterapia necesitan ser constantes y tempranas.

Background. Motor development in premature infants is recognised as being slow and involves a different quality of movement. Tools which are sensitive in detecting motor development-related characteristics should thus be used in assessing this population's motor skills. Objective. Identifying the difference between corrected age and motor development age in a group of infants involved in the Suba Hospital's Kangaroo Mother programme during the second half of 2013. Materials and methods. This was a descriptive correlational study; sample n=15 premature infants and/or low birth weight children measured by the Alberta infant motor scale. Correlations were made with variables such as chronological age (in months), corrected age, weeks of gestation, height and weight. Results. The relationship between infants' chronological age, corrected age and weight was found (p<0.05); if any variable increased then motor age increased. There was 1.5 months difference between chronological age and motor development corrected age (p<0.05). Conclusions. The motor development age and corrected age of infants involved in Suba Hospital's Kangaroo Plan had significant differences, ratifying the idea that, when needed, physiotherapy must be constant and provided early on.

Organ procurement: Spanish transplant procurement management.

Transplantation is an accepted therapeutic option to save or improve the quality of life when organ failure occurs or tissue replacements are needed. However, the lack of organs is the major limitation. The deceased organ procurement organization and professionals provide the solution to this international problem. In this review, we identify the elements involved in the organ procurement management process to analyze the possibility of implementation of deceased organ procurement for a transplantation program. While the donation rates are subject to several negative factors including religious, economic, cultural, and legal issues, the existence of well-trained professionals may considerably increase them. Professional training in organ donation along with the establishment of a solid organizational system has been identified as the crucial factor in developing efficient organ donation and transplantation programs.