Acute Stress Disorder among 2022 Ukrainian war refugees: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Fleeing from war can be terrifying and result in Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), a mental health condition that can occur in the first month after a traumatic event. The study aimed to identify the prevalence of ASD among Ukrainian refugees and identify its risk factors to create a profile of the most vulnerable refugees. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 637 Ukrainian war-displaced persons and refugees in 2022 used the Acute Stress Disorder Scale. Results: The prevalence of ASD among participants was high (93.5%). Several factors increasing the risk of developing ASD in the sample were identified, e.g., witnessing Russian attacks (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.26-6.78), insufficient financial resources (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.61-7.91), and feeling of loneliness in the host country (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.58-8.69). Pre-existing depression and the death of a close person, among others, were found to significantly (p < 0.05) exacerbate the ASD symptoms. At the same time, neither age, the distance traveled, time spent on fleeing the country, nor the type of companionship during refuge (escaping alone, with children, pets or the older adults) correlate with the severity of symptoms. Conclusion: The study shows extreme levels of trauma among Ukrainian war refugees and displaced persons. Knowledge regarding ASD vulnerabilities in the present conflict may facilitate prompt and adequate psychological help. Since ASD can be an antecedent of PTSD and several autoimmune disorders, these results may also serve as a predictor of future challenges for Ukrainian society.

DETERMINATION OF SAFETY PROFILE OF REPARATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE NEW HYGIENIC PRODUCT "APIPROL".

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To prove safety of the new elixir and determine the effect on regenerative processes under conditions of the experimental trauma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The formula of the new dental elixir "Apiprol" includes biologically active components of bee products (propolis, comb capping wax), plant origin compounds. The elixir was single administered, intragastrally to white nonlinear mice weighing (22±2) g at doses at 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 5000 mg/kg. Acute toxicity of the new hygienic product "Apiprol" was investigated by a single application at the rate of 1000 and 5000 mg/kg animal weight. Subacute (chronic) toxicity was studied when elixir was applied to the skin of 10 mice at a single daily dose of 500 mg/kg for one month. A local irritant effect of the elixir on the oral mucosa was examined in 14 white rats daily after application for 3-5 min. The study of reparative activity was carried out on an experimental model of the wound process. RESULTS: Results: The elixir's components promote tissues regeneration, rapid epithelialization and wound surfaces healing, having a highly immune stimulating activity and antibacterial properties. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The performed study proved a complete safety of the new elixir "Apiprol" and indicated a necessity of the further development of this preparation in order to create a greater variety of dental means produced in Ukraine.

Local Use of Apisan Gel, A New Oral Care Product in the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis Against the Background of Hyperacid Gastritis and Intoxication with Tobacco Smoke.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the work was to substantiate the use of a newly created oral care product in the treatment of periodontal disease reconstructed against the background of hyperacidic gastritis under the conditions of tobacco smoke intoxication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2 stages. In the first stage, all experimental animals were divided into 4 groups: 1) intact, 2) with simulated periodontitis, 3) with reproduced periodontitis against the background of reproduced hyperacidic gastritis, 4) with reproduced periodontitis against the background of hyperacid gastritis under the conditions of tobacco smoking. Biochemical studies of gum homogenate with periodontitis in rats were conducted to determine the impact of stomach pathology and tobacco smoke as endogenous and exogenous risk factors. In stage 2, the effectiveness of local therapy with the use of the newly created oral care product and a comparator was studied in rats with reproduced periodontitis against the background of hyperacidic gastritis under the conditions of smoking. RESULTS: In the experimental periodontitis against the background of hyperacidic gastritis under the conditions of tobacco smoking, there were significant changes in the periodontal tissues characteristic of the inflammatory process: the activity of peroxide oxidation of lipid (POL) increased, activity of the antioxidant system decreased, and inflammatory markers increased when nonspecific protection was reduced. Local therapy in the rats using the new "Apisan" gel resulted in the correction of certain metabolic disorders, faster elimination of the harmful effects of the damaging factors, and restoration of the condition of periodontal tissues compared with the use of the comparator, the Asepta gel. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effectiveness of the new Apisan gel is due to the normalizing effect on the processes of POL, and inflammation and activation of the oral cavity protective systems during inflammatory periodontal disease occurring against the background of a concomitant stomach pathology, hyperacidic gastritis.