Effect of multidrug solution for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in vivo.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of a multidrug solution, adopted by a referral hospital for cancer to control and treat chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in rats. Methods: Oral mucositis (OM) was induced by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), and the animals were treated with saline (n = 8, G1), 0.12% chlorhexidine (n = 8, G2); and multidrug solution (n = 8, G3). The animals were submitted to clinical and histological analysis of the lesion using mucosal fragments. The animals' food consumption during treatment was also evaluated. Results: Clinical improvement (p < 0.05) was observed in the groups treated with the multidrug solution and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In G2 and G3, there was a prevalence of reepithelialization covering <50% of the lesion. Evaluation of the inflammatory infiltrate indicated that the G1 treatment permitted an intense inflammatory response in all animals, yet this evaluation parameter was moderate in groups G2 and G3. The G3 group (p < 0.05) presented higher food consumption than the other groups. Conclusions: The multidrug solution improved the clinical and histological parameters of the chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, as well as promoted an increase in food intake.

The incidence of severe oral mucositis and its occurrence sites in pediatric oncologic patients / La incidencia de la mucositis oral grave y sus lugares de aparición en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos

Background: Childhood cancer is one of the main causes of child mortality and its treatment has debilitatingeffects on the oral cavity. Several oral mucositis (SOM) is one of the most common and may cause undesirablesymptoms such as pain and risk of systemic infection.Material and Methods: This was a longitudinal, retrospective, and observational study determining the incidenceof severe oral mucositis (SOM) and its occurrence sites in pediatric oncologic patients, in João Pessoa, Brazil,between 2013 and 2018. Data from 56 patients aged 1 to 18 years were collected from their medical records andthrough an oral mucosa examination, from the 1st to 5th week of chemotherapy treatment (CT) using the modifiedOral Assessment Guide, by previously calibrated examiners (Kappa index > 0.7). The data were analyzed by theChi-square test, and Odds Ratios were calculated.Results: Most patients were females (54.5%), aged 8.8 years (± 4.8), with hematologic tumors (73.2%), predomi-nantly Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (50.0%). An increase in the occurrence of SOM was observed throughout theCT (P = 0.05), ranging from 12.5% in the 1st to 35.7% in the 5th CT week. In the 1st CT week, there was a predomi-nance of alterations in the lips (5.5%) and saliva (5.5%), while in the 5th , the jugal / palate mucosa (21.4%) remainedthe most affected site by SOM. Differences in the severity of SOM in the jugal / palate mucosa (P = 0.01) and labialmucosa (P = 0.04) were observed over time. In the 5th CT week, the likelihood of developing SOM was 13.3-foldhigher (95% CI: 1.5 - 105.6) in patients with hematologic tumors. Conclusions: The incidence of SOM was higher in the 5th CT week, most commonly affecting the jugal / palate mu-cosa, and patients with hematologic tumors were more prone to develop SOM.(AU)

O câncer de cabeça e pescoço no Brasil / El câncer de cabeza y cuello en Brasil / Head and neck cancer in Brazil

Introdução: o câncer de cabeça e pescoço apresenta alta incidência no Brasil, e requer um estudo constante de sua distribuição, o que motiva a estudá-lo detalhadamente, buscando entender de que forma esse câncer se comporta na população, avaliando sua distribuição temporal no Brasil, além dos seus principais agravos. Objetivo: identificar as localizações anatômicas e classificações histológicas dos cânceres em cabeça e pescoço, registrados no Brasil, entre os anos de 2000 e 2014. Métodos: trata-se de estudo seccional, com abordagem indutiva, técnica de documentação indireta e procedimento estatístico descritivo, a partir da análise de 220.391 dados secundários dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer, disponíveis pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer. As variáveis de interesse foram: a localização do tumor primário e tipo histológico. A escolha pela localização do local do tumor primário foi feita de acordo com a Classificação Internacional das Doenças. Resultados: os locais de maior acometimento do câncer em cabeça e pescoço foram: pele da face (44,2 percento); cavidade oral (16,7 percento); glândula tireoide (8,9 percento); laringe (8,8 percento); encéfalo (5,4 percento) e linfonodos localizados na região de cabeça e pescoço (3,8 percento). Os tipos histológicos mais prevalentes foram: carcinoma de células escamosas (38,0 percento); carcinoma basocelular (27,0 percento); carcinoma papilar (3,70 percento); carcinoma basocelular nodular (2,50 percento) e tumor epitelial maligno (2,50 percento). Conclusão: ocarcinoma de células escamosas foi o tipo histológico mais prevalente de câncer em cabeça e pescoço entre os anos de 2000 e 2014, no Brasil, sendo o sítio de maior acometimento a pele da face(AU)

Introducción: el cáncer de cabeza y cuello presenta alta incidencia en Brasil, y requiere un estudio constante de su distribución, lo que motiva a estudiarlo detalladamente, buscando entender de qué forma ese cáncer se presenta en la población, y evaluando su distribución temporal en Brasil , además de sus principales problemas. Objetivo: identificar las localizaciones anatómicas y clasificaciones histológicas de los cánceres en cabeza y cuello, registrados en Brasil, entre los años 2000 y 2014. Métodos: se trata de estudio seccional, con abordaje inductivo, técnica de documentación indirecta y procedimiento estadístico descriptivo, a partir del análisis de 220 391 datos secundarios de los Registros Hospitalarios de Cáncer disponibles por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer. Las variables de interés fueron: la localización del tumor primario y tipo histológico. La elección por la localización del lugar del tumor primario se realizó de acuerdo con la Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades. Resultados: los lugares de mayor afectación del cáncer en cabeza y cuello fueron: piel de la cara (44,2 por ciento); la cavidad bucal (16,7 por ciento); glándula tiroidea (8,9 por ciento); laringe (8,8 por ciento); encéfalo (5,4 por ciento) y ganglios linfáticos localizados en la región de cabeza y cuello (3,8 por ciento). Los tipos histológicos más prevalentes fueron: carcinoma de células escamosas (38,0 por ciento); carcinoma basocelular (27,0 por ciento); carcinoma papilar (3,70 por ciento); carcinoma basocelular nodular (2,50 por ciento) y tumor epitelial maligno (2,50 por ciento). Conclusiones: el carcinoma de células escamosas fue el tipo histológico más prevalente de cáncer en cabeza y cuello entre los años 2000 y 2014, en Brasil, siendo el sitio de mayor afección la piel de la cara(AU)

Introduction: due to its high incidence in Brazil, head and neck cancer requires permanent study of its distribution, which has motivated the conduct of detailed analyses aimed at understanding the way it manifests in the population, its temporal distribution in the country and the main problems it poses. Objective: identify the anatomical locations and histological classifications of head and neck cancers registered in Brazil between the years 2000 and 2014. Methods: an inductive cross-sectional study was conducted with an indirect documentation technique and descriptive statistical processing. The study was based on the analysis of 220 391 secondary data from Cancer Hospital Registries available from the National Cancer Institute. The variables of interest were location of the primary tumor and histological type. Sorting by primary tumor location followed the International Classification of Diseases. Results: the sites most commonly affected by head and neck cancer were facial skin (44.2 percent), oral cavity (16.7 percent), thyroid gland (8.9 percent), larynx (8.8 percent), brain (5.4 percent) and lymph nodes located in the head and neck region (3.8 percent). The most common histological types were squamous-cell carcinoma (38.0 percent), basal-cell carcinoma (27.0 percent), papillary carcinoma (3.70 percent), nodular basal-cell carcinoma (2.50 percent) and malignant epithelial tumor (2.50 percent). Conclusions: squamous-cell carcinoma was the most prevalent histological type of head and neck cancer between the years 2000 and 2014 in Brazil, facial skin being the most commonly affected site(AU)

Monitoreo oral de un paciente pediátrico durante el tratamiento de quimioterapia / Oral monitoring of a pediatric patient during chemotherapy treatment

Oral side effects must be expected during cancer treatment on pediatric patients. Monitoring side effects on oral cavity of antineoplastic therapy is desirable but sometimes performed without criteria. The purpose of this article is to describe an oral monitoring in an male with Hodgkin lymphoma during chemotherapy treatment using an Oral Assessment Guide. An 11-yr-old male was assisted during all treatment of chemotherapy against Hodgkin's lymphoma in the dental sector of a hospital of reference of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The Oral Assessment Guide was applied by a calibrate examiner and was observed the emergence of ulcerative lesions on the labial mucosa emerged on two different periods (D15- primary cycle; D15-second cycle) and the major values of oral mucositis were verified in D1 e D15 periods of second cycle of chemotherapy. Monitoring oral side effects during antineoplastic therapy could prevent severe oral complications and avoid to associate systemic complications(AU)

Los efectos secundarios orales se manifiestan durante el tratamiento del cáncer en los pacientes pediátricos. El monitoreo de los efectos secundarios en la cavidad oral de la terapia antineoplásica es deseable, pero a veces se realiza sin criterios. El propósito de este artículo es describir un monitoreo oral en un niño con linfoma de Hodgkin durante el tratamiento de quimioterapia, empleando una guía de evaluación oral. Un niño de 11 años de edad fue asistido durante todo el tratamiento de quimioterapia contra un linfoma de Hodgkin en el sector odontológico de un hospital de referencia de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. La guía de evaluación oral fue aplicada por un examinador calibrado. Se observó la aparición de lesiones ulcerosas en la mucosa labial que aparecieron en dos períodos diferentes (D15- primer ciclo; D15-segundo ciclo) y los valores más altos de la mucositis oral se verificaron en períodos D1 e D15 del segundo ciclo de quimioterapia. El seguimiento de los efectos secundarios orales durante la terapia antineoplásica podría prevenir las complicaciones orales graves y evitar complicaciones sistémicas asociadas(AU)