Influencia de los círculos literarios para desarrollar la lectura en extenso en inglés en ambientes virtuales / Influence of literary circles to develop extensive reading in English in virtual environments

RESUMEN Hoy en día, un problema latente en el proceso de aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera es la comprensión lectora. Ante este panorama, es menester identificar estrategias o medios que permitan abatirlo. Los círculos literarios mejoran ampliamente las experiencias y conocimientos de lectura de los estudiantes, dado que permiten enriquecer su bagaje léxico con uso correcto de estructuras gramaticales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la influencia de los círculos literarios en el desarrollo de la lectura en extenso (LE) en ambientes virtuales, con la intención de contribuir al mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora del inglés de manera autónoma y fuera de las aulas ordinarias. Para analizar este fenómeno se realizó un estudio cuantitativo longitudinal con alcance correlacional que permitió a los investigadores identificar tres elementos principales en el proceso de aprendizaje con círculos literarios para la lectura extensiva: pedagógico, social, y técnico, así como cuatro formas de aproximación a la lectura: gráfica, oral, asociativa y analítica, donde subyacen recorridos cognitivos mediados por tecnología y procesos de internalización en un aprendizaje ubicuo que detona leer en grandes cantidades con placer, precisión, velocidad, motivación y confianza. Los hallazgos confirman la influencia de los círculos literarios en la LE aportando un modelo tecno-pedagógico para su implementación y una forma innovadora de desarrollar la LE en modalidades virtuales que contribuye a mejorar los niveles de proficiencia en la comprensión lectora.

ABSTRACT Today, a latent problem in foreign language learning is reading comprehension. Given this scenario, it is necessary to identify strategies or means to bring it down. Literary circles improve students' reading experiences and knowledge since they allow them to enrich their lexical baggage with the correct use of grammatical structures. The objective of the present study was to identify the influence of literary circles to foster extensive reading (ER) in virtual environments to improve English reading comprehension autonomously and outside ordinary classrooms. For analyzing this phenomenon, a quantitative longitudinal study with a correlational design was carried out, which helped researchers to identify three essential elements during the learning process with literary circles for extensive reading: pedagogical, social, and technical. Additionally, four ways of approaching reading were identified: graphic, oral, associative, and analytical, where technoloy-mediated cognitive pathways and internalization processes underlie ubiquitous learning that triggers reading in large quantities with pleasure, accuracy, speed, motivation, and confidence. The findings confirm the influence of literary circles in ER, providing a techno-pedagogical model for its implementation and an innovative way of developing it in virtual modalities that contributes to improving proficiency levels in reading comprehension.

Parameters to Predict the Outcome of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients when Admitted to the Hospital.

Manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse and range from asymptomatic to severe, critical illness and death. Cases requiring hospital care (in severe and critical illnesses) are associated with comorbidities and hyperactivation of the immune system. Therefore, in this exploratory observational study, we analyzed which parameters are associated with mortality. We evaluated: demographic characteristics (age, sex and comorbidities), laboratory data (albumin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, ferritin), days of hospital stay, interleukins (IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-17) and sP-selectin in 40 Mexican patients admitted to medical emergencies with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, a complete clinical record, and who signed the informed consent. Twenty severe (they required intermediate care with non-invasive ventilation) and twenty critically ill patients (they required mechanical ventilation) were classified, and these were subsequently compared with healthy and recovered subjects. A significant difference was found between the hospitalized groups in the parameters of age, ferritin, days of hospital stay and death with p values = 0.0145, p = 0.0441, p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively. In the determination of cytokines and P-selectin, a significant difference was found between the following groups: recovered patients and healthy volunteers compared with hospitalized patients in severe and critical condition. Importantly, IL-7 remained elevated one year later in recovered patients. Taken together, these values determined at the time of hospital admission could be useful to monitor patients closely and evaluate in-hospital progress, hospital discharge, and out-of-hospital progress.

Eventos adversos sistémicos post-vacuna BCG. Serie de casos pediátricos / Systemic adverse events post-BCG vaccine. Pediatric case series

La vacuna BCG es clave para el control de la tuberculosis. En ocasiones se observan eventos adversos sistémicos causados por Mycobacterium bovis BCG; usualmente asociados a inmunodeficiencia. Describimos seis casos clínicos de niños vacunados con BCG al nacer, con complicaciones sistémicas post-vacunación. M{ETODO: Revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con infección por M. bovis BCG atendidos en un hospital pediátrico, entre 2010 y 2019. RESULTADOS: De 400 casos confirmados de infecciones por complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis; ocho fueron identificados como M. bovis BCG; seis casos correspondieron a eventos adversos sistémicos post-vacuna BCG: dos con lesiones cutáneas a distancia, dos osteomielitis y dos infecciones generalizadas. En cinco de los seis pacientes se detectó una alteración de la respuesta inmune. Un paciente falleció por falla multiorgánica, uno se derivó y cuatro completaron 12 meses de tratamiento: dos meses de isoniacida, rifampicina, etambutol, y moxifloxacina, y 10 meses de isoniacida y rifampicina. Tuvieron buena tolerancia a los medicamentos, sin recaída a los dos años. CONCLUSIÓN: La infección grave por M. bovis BCG es una rara complicación sistémica de la vacunación. Es razonable buscar defectos inmunológicos en los niños que desarrollan este tipo de eventos adversos.

The BCG vaccine is key to tuberculosis control. Systemic adverse events caused by Mycobacterium bovis BCG are occasionally observed; usually associated with immunodeficiency. In this report we describe six cases of children vaccinated with BCG at birth, with post-vaccination systemic complications. METHOD: retrospective review of medical records of patients with M. bovis BCG infection treated in a pediatric hospital between 2010 and 2019. RESULTS: Of 400 confirmed cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection, eight identified as M. bovis BCG, six corresponded to systemic adverse events post-BCG vaccine: two distant skin lesions, two osteomyelitis and two generalized infections. An altered immune response was detected in five of the six patients. One patient died of multiorgan failure, one was referred and four completed 12 months of treatment: two months of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and moxifloxacin, and 10 months of isoniazid and rifampin. They had good tolerance to medications, without relapse at two years. CONCLUSION Serious M. bovis BCG infection is a rare systemic complication of vaccination. It is reasonable to look for immunological defects in children who develop these types of adverse events.

Diagnóstico de tuberculosis en pacientes pediátricos. Estado actual del conocimiento / Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Pediatric Patients. Current State of Knowledge

La incidencia de TB infantil (TBI) es, a menudo, subestimada debido a la dificultad de diagnosticar la enfermedad en los niños. La presentación clínica de la TB en pediatría muestra una gran variabilidad, con formas, en ocasiones, oligosintomáticas que debutan de manera larvada. Los pediatras debemos hacer un esfuerzo para conocer esta enfermedad y evitar su progresión a formas graves, lo que contribuye a su control epidemiológico. En el 2020 la OMS estimó que por año, en todo el mundo, 1.100. 000 niños menores de 15 años, enferman de TB, de ellos 226. 000 pierden la vida. Representa aproximadamente el 11 % del número total de casos de TB. El 80 % de esas muertes se produce entre niños menores de 5 años de edad y el 17 %, en pacientes infectados por el VIH. Se estima que entre 25 000 y 32 000 niños menores de 15 años desarrollan tuberculosis multirresistente (MDR-TB) cada año, de ellos, solo 12. 220 iniciaron tratamiento entre 2018 y 2020.1, 2 En la Argentina, durante el 2020, se notificaron 10 896 casos de tuberculosis, de los cuales 10 268 fueron nuevos y recaídas. El 17 % de los casos corresponde a niños, niñas y adolescentes. El 76,9 % de los casos nuevos diagnosticados fueron con localización pulmonar

Tratamiento de la expresión oral del idioma inglés desde el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia / Treatment of oral expression of the English language from the Common European Framework of Reference

Este artículo tiene como objetivo resaltar la importancia del tratamiento de la expresión oral como habilidad productiva en la formación de los estudiantes universitarios con énfasis en la carrera de Medicina, desde la nueva política asumida para el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del idioma inglés en su estudio como lengua extranjera, lo que ha implicado asumir nuevos retos y tendencias para el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de este idioma en la formación de los diferentes profesionales en el contexto de la universidad cubana. El estudio asume como sustento teórico el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia, el enfoque comunicativo, los nuevos estándares internacionales para el tratamiento y evaluación de la expresión oral, así como estudios anteriores que han abordado esta temática desde otros contextos.

The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of the treatment of oral expression as a productive skill in the training of university students with an emphasis on the Medicine career from the new policy assumed for the teaching and learning process of the English language in its study. as a foreign language, which has implied assuming new challenges and trends for the development of the teaching and learning process of this language in the training of different professionals in the context of the Cuban university. The study assumes as theoretical support the Common European Framework of Reference, the communicative approach, the new international standards for the treatment and evaluation of oral expression, as well as previous studies that have addressed this issue from other contexts.

Artropatía enteropática y fractura de platillos tibiales. Reporte de un caso / Enteropathic Arthropathy and tibial plateau fracture. Report of a case / Artropatia enteropática e fratura do planalto tibial. Relato de caso

RESUMEN Introducción: la artropatía enteropática representa una manifestación derivada de complicaciones inflamatorias intestinales. Presentación del caso: paciente de 53 años de edad, de piel blanca, femenina, que sufrió caída de sus pies, con trauma en rodilla izquierda que le ocasionó fractura de meseta tibial izquierda. Discusión: los estudios radiológicos fueron positivos y confirman el diagnóstico de la artropatía enteropática y fractura de platillos tibiales, se aplicaron pautas de tratamientos integradores funcionales. Conclusiones: con los tratamientos el paciente reportó efectos beneficiosos, se lograron los objetivos propuestos en la rehabilitación, así como la incorporación de la paciente a la sociedad con un mínimo de discapacidad e independencia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: enteropathic arthropathy represents a manifestation derived from intestinal inflammatory complications. Case presentation: 53-year-old white-skinned female patient who suffered a fall from her feet, with trauma to the left knee that caused a fracture of the left tibial plateau. Discussion: the radiological studies were positive and confirm the diagnosis of enteropathic arthropathy and tibial plateau fractures, functional integrative treatment guidelines were applied. Conclusions: with the treatments the patient reported beneficial effects, the objectives proposed in the rehabilitation were achieved, as well as the incorporation of the patient into society with a minimum of disability and independence.

RESUMO Introdução: a artropatia enteropática representa uma manifestação derivada de complicações inflamatórias intestinais. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 53 anos, branca, que sofreu queda dos pés, com trauma no joelho esquerdo que ocasionou fratura do platô tibial esquerdo. Discussão: os estudos radiológicos foram positivos e confirmam o diagnóstico de artropatia enteropática e fraturas do planalto tibial, foram aplicadas diretrizes de tratamento integrativo funcional. Conclusões: com os tratamentos o paciente relatou efeitos benéficos, os objetivos propostos na reabilitação foram alcançados, bem como a incorporação do paciente à sociedade com um mínimo de incapacidade e independência.

Improved HUMARA for the Detection of X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Carriers.

Background: Fragment analysis of exon 1 of the human androgen receptor, known as HUMARA, is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for detecting X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) carriers. This method takes advantage of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female cells. XLA is caused by mutations in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene, located in Xq22.1. In this study, XCI is nonrandom or skewed in B-cells. B-cells with an active X-chromosome carrying a BTK mutation do not mature. Peripheral B-cells in XLA carriers inactivate the mutated X-chromosome. Methods: HUMARA was performed using DNA from purified B-cells and total leukocytes. DNA was digested using methylation-sensitive HhaI. The PCR of the HUMARA polymorphic marker was performed with the HhaI digested samples. The lengths of the PCR products were determined. If a suspected carrier showed skewed XCI in their B-cells, the marker length that corresponded with the length determined in the index patient indicated their carrier status. Results: HUMARA was conducted on purified B-cells; this allowed easier identification of the mutated or inactive allele, as the active allele was enzymatically digested. Analysis of 30 possible carriers using modified HUMARA corroborated that the carrier status in all samples that were heterozygous for the marker using XCI calculation for leukocytes showed a Gaussian distribution, while the carrier B-cell DNA showed a skewed XCI. Conclusion: Carrier status was successfully determined for most of the analyzed samples. B-cell enrichment resulted in precise carrier determination data, reduced the sample size, and facilitated inactive and active allele identification.

Perception and Knowledge of Mercury by Occupationally Exposed Health Care Personnel.

Thermometers and baumanometers frequently contain mercury, a toxic heavy metal. Inadequate management of this substance can constitute an occupational hazard by exposing health care professionals to health risks including memory loss, psychosomatic symptoms, fatigue, and other signs of cognitive dysfunction as reported in several studies. PURPOSE: To assess Mexico's health care professionals' health and mercury-related knowledge and risk perception and to explore the measurement properties of a questionnaire assessing that level of knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mixed methodology. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted to measure health care professionals' knowledge of mercury and to validate an instrument using a Rasch analysis in 160 professionals. A qualitative study involving in-depth interviews was conducted to identify participants' risk perception for mercury exposure. RESULTS: The total knowledge of mercury was 19.0 ± 2.0 on a scale of 0 to 28 points. The scores for medical specialists were significantly (P < .001) higher, ranging between 20.0 ± 2.05 and 23.0 ± 1.63. In general, the level of risk perception for mercury exposure was low. The questionnaire presented a reasonable fit to the Rasch model (good item fit with a Bonferroni-adjusted P = .000714). The response categories of three items were collapsed, and two pairs of items were bundled into two super items. CONCLUSION: The levels of the knowledge of the health and safety risks and risk perception for mercury exposure in the Mexican health care professionals evaluated were low. Health care professionals should receive comprehensive training in the safe use and health risks of mercury.

Artropatía enteropática y fractura de platillos tibiales. Reporte de un caso / Enteropathic Arthropathy and tibial plateau fracture. Report of a case

Introducción: la artropatía enteropática representa una manifestación derivada de complicaciones inflamatorias intestinales. Presentación del caso: paciente de 53 años de edad, de piel blanca, femenina, que sufrió caída de sus pies, con trauma en rodilla izquierda que le ocasionó fractura de meseta tibial izquierda. Discusión: los estudios radiológicos fueron positivos y confirman el diagnóstico de la artropatía enteropática y fractura de platillos tibiales, se aplicaron pautas de tratamientos integradores funcionales. Conclusiones: con los tratamientos el paciente reportó efectos beneficiosos, se lograron los objetivos propuestos en la rehabilitación, así como la incorporación de la paciente a la sociedad con un mínimo de discapacidad e independencia(AU)

Introduction: enteropathic arthropathy represents a manifestation derived from intestinal inflammatory complications. Case presentation: 53-year-old white-skinned female patient who suffered a fall from her feet, with trauma to the left knee that caused a fracture of the left tibial plateau. Discussion: the radiological studies were positive and confirm the diagnosis of enteropathic arthropathy and tibial plateau fractures, functional integrative treatment guidelines were applied. Conclusions: with the treatments the patient reported beneficial effects, the objectives proposed in the rehabilitation were achieved, as well as the incorporation of the patient into society with a minimum of disability and independence(EU)

Sitio web para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa en inglés en estudiantes de Medicina / Website to develop communicative competence in English in medical students

RESUMEN Fundamento: es necesario desarrollar la competencia comunicativa en inglés, lo cual demanda perfeccionar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de este idioma en las universidades de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: diseñar un sitio web para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa desde las asignaturas Inglés I y II en los estudiantes de primer año de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante 2019-2020. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico, sistémico-estructural y modelación; empíricos: prueba pedagógica, observación participante, cuestionario a estudiantes y el criterio de especialistas para la valoración del producto informático. Resultados: se constató predominio de deficiente desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en inglés en los niveles gramatical, léxico y discursivo. El sitio web diseñado cconsta de audiciones, vídeos y textos que facilitan la aprehensión de las funciones comunicativas. Puede ser utilizado de forma presencial y para el estudio independiente. Facilita la adquisición del idioma porque hace más asequible los contenidos y contribuye a aumentar la motivación de los aprendices. Conclusiones: fue valorado por los especialistas como muy adecuado. Como medio de enseñanza ofreció un aprendizaje de forma balanceada entre la teoría y la práctica, y brindó a los estudiantes la posibilidad de independencia en el desarrollo de la lengua, facilitó la interacción e incrementó las competencias comunicativas en ese idioma. Su efectividad se demostró en los avances obtenidos al comparar los resultados de la prueba pedagógica inicial con la final.

ABSTRACT Background: it is necessary to develop communicative competence in English, which requires perfecting the teaching-learning process of this language in universities of medical sciences. Objective: to design a website to develop communicative competence from English I and II subjects in first-year Medicine students. Methods: a development investigation was carried out at the Faculty of Medicine of Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, from 2019 to 2020. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical, systemic-structural and modeling; empirical ones: pedagogical test, participant observation, student questionnaire and the criteria of specialists for the evaluation of the computing product. Results: it was found a predominance of poor development of communicative competence in English at the grammatical, lexical and discursive levels. The designed website consists of auditions, videos and texts that facilitate the apprehension of the communicative functions. It can be used in face to face teaching and for independent study. It facilitates the acquisition of the language because it makes the content more accessible and contributes to increasing the motivation of the learners. Conclusions: it was valued by the specialists as very adequate. As a teaching aid, it offered learning in a balanced way between theory and practice, and gave students the possibility of independence in the development of the language, facilitated interaction and increased communication skills in that language. Its effectiveness was demonstrated in the advances obtained when comparing the results of the pre- test with the post test.

Enfermedad de Albera Shömberg. Reporte de un caso raro

La osteopetrosis agrupa un conjunto de enfermedades óseas caracterizadas por un aumento considerable de la densidad ósea. Conocida además como enfermedad marmórea o de Albers-Schönberg. Se presenta un caso de una mujer de 55 años de edad, color de piel blanca, femenina, con antecedentes patológicos familiares de hipertensión arterial y osteopetrosis. Los estudios radiológicos fueron positivos y confirmaron el diagnóstico de la Osteopetrosis marmórea en la forma benigna. Se realizan radiografías, observando múltiples lesiones óseas, se aplicaron pautas de tratamientos integradores funcionales, así como el uso de la M.N.T. Al término de la conclusión de ambas fases, el paciente ha disminuido el dolor, ha mejorado su estado psicológico, ha ganado en independencia, y por ende en su calidad de vida.

Osteopetrosis groups together a set of bone diseases characterized by a considerable increase in bone density. Also known as marble or Albers-Schönberg disease. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman, white skin color, female, with a family pathological history of arterial hypertension and osteopetrosis. Radiological studies were positive and confirmed the diagnosis of marble osteopetrosis in the benign form. X-rays were performed, observing multiple bone lesions, functional integrative treatment guidelines were applied, as well as the use of M.N.T. At the end of the conclusion of both phases, the patient has decreased pain, has improved his psychological state, has gained in independence, and therefore in his quality of life.

A osteopetrose agrupa um conjunto de doenças ósseas caracterizadas por um aumento considerável na densidade óssea. Também conhecida como mármore ou doença de Albers-Schönberg. Apresentamos um caso de uma mulher de 55 anos, cor de pele branca, feminina, com histórico patológico familiar de hipertensão arterial e osteopetrose. Os estudos radiológicos foram positivos e confirmaram o diagnóstico de osteopetrose de mármore na forma benigna. Foram realizados raios-X, observando múltiplas lesões ósseas, orientações de tratamento integrativo funcional, bem como o uso de M.N.T. Ao final da conclusão das duas fases, o paciente diminuiu a dor, melhorou seu estado psicológico, ganhou independência e, portanto, em sua qualidade de vida.

Implementation of control measures against an outbreak due to Clostridioides difficile producing toxin B in a tertiary hospital in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: To describe the outbreak of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and the impact of the prevention and control measures that were implemented in the "Hospital Juárez de México" (HJM) for its control. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, and retrospective study was designed. All information on the hospital outbreak and on health care-associated infections (HCAI) was obtained from the files of the Hospital Epidemiological Surveillance Unit (HESU) of the HJM. RESULTS: A total of 15 cases of CDI were detected from February 20th to May 22nd, 2018, which represented 55.6% and 44.4% for the male and female gender, respectively, with an average age of 56 years and a range of 24 to 86 years old. It was possible to identify six failures and deficiencies that involved health personnel and hospital logistics through analyses based on the situational diagnosis in the services involved and through the construction of cause-effect diagrams. Additionally, through the detection of the outbreak by means of laboratory tests and timeline, the HESU team implemented measures and prospective surveillance to control and prevent the emergence of new cases. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of basic quality tools, control measures, and the prospective epidemiological surveillance had a positive impact on the control against the outbreak of C. difficile producing toxin B.

Vegfa promoter gene hypermethylation at HIF1α binding site is an early contributor to CKD progression after renal ischemia.

Chronic hypoxia is a major contributor to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) after Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). However, the temporal relation between the acute insult and maladaptive renal response to hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the time-course of renal hemodynamics, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as epigenetic modifications, with focus on HIF1α/VEGF signaling, in the AKI to CKD transition. Sham-operated, right nephrectomy (UNx), and UNx plus renal ischemia (IR + UNx) groups of rats were included and studied at 1, 2, 3, or 4 months. The IR + UNx group developed CKD characterized by progressive proteinuria, renal dysfunction, tubular proliferation, and fibrosis. At first month post-ischemia, there was a twofold significant increase in oxidative stress and reduction in global DNA methylation that was maintained throughout the study. Hif1α and Vegfa expression were depressed in the first and second-months post-ischemia, and then Hif1α but not Vegfa expression was recovered. Interestingly, hypermethylation of the Vegfa promoter gene at the HIF1α binding site was found, since early stages of the CKD progression. Our findings suggest that renal hypoperfusion, inefficient hypoxic response, increased oxidative stress, DNA hypomethylation, and, Vegfa promoter gene hypermethylation at HIF1α binding site, are early determinants of AKI-to-CKD transition.

In silico analysis of the association of hsa-miR-16 expression and cell survival in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells subjected to photodynamic therapy.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy effecting women, and the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is particularly aggressive. This study aimed to evaluate the differential expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) between untreated MDA-MB-231 cells (TNBC cell model) and those that survived photodynamic therapy (PDT) to gain insights into cell survival mechanisms. METHODS: Two PDT cycles were applied to MDA-MB-231 cells, using δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) followed by laser light at 635 nm. RNA was obtained from cells surviving PDT and untreated cells. The miRNAs expression profile was analyzed to detect the differences between the two groups. The potential target network of hsa-miR-16 was examined in silico with the integrative database Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis software. RESULTS: After the first and second PDT cycles, 17.8% and 49.6% of the MDA-MB-231 cells were viable. Microarray profiling of miRNAs showed decreased hsa-miR-16 expression (p < 0.05) in MDA-MB-231 cells surviving PDT when compared to the control cells. The predicted downstream targets of hsa-miR-16 were: 1) tumor suppressor protein 53; 2) molecules related to the cell cycle, such as cyclin D1, D3, and E1, and checkpoint kinase 1; 3) cell proliferation molecules, including fibroblast growth factor 1, 2 and 7 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; and 4) apoptosis-related molecules, consisting of BCL-2, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, caspase 3, and cytochrome c. CONCLUSIONS: The differential expression of hsa-miR-16 between untreated MDA-MB-231 cells and those surviving PDT has not been previously reported. There was a lower expression of hsa-miR-16 in treated cells, which probably altered its downstream target network. In silico analysis predicted, a network related to the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. These results are congruent with previous descriptions of hsa-miR-16 as a tumor suppressor and suggest that the treated population has increased their capacity to survive.

Enfermedad de Albera Shömberg: reporte de un caso raro / Albers Shömberg disease. Report of a rare case

La osteopetrosis agrupa un conjunto de enfermedades óseas caracterizadas por un aumento considerable de la densidad ósea. Conocida además como enfermedad marmórea o de Albers-Schönberg. Se presenta un caso de una mujer de 55 años de edad, color de piel blanca, femenina, con antecedentes patológicos familiares de hipertensión arterial y osteopetrosis. Los estudios radiológicos fueron positivos y confirmaron el diagnóstico de la Osteopetrosis marmórea en la forma benigna. Se realizan radiografías, observando múltiples lesiones óseas, se aplicaron pautas de tratamientos integradores funcionales, así como el uso de la M.N.T. Al término de la conclusión de ambas fases, el paciente ha disminuido el dolor, ha mejorado su estado psicológico, ha ganado en independencia, y por ende en su calidad de vida(AU)

Osteopetrosis groups together a set of bone diseases characterized by a considerable increase in bone density. Also known as marble or Albers-Schönberg disease. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman, white skin color, female, with a family pathological history of arterial hypertension and osteopetrosis. Radiological studies were positive and confirmed the diagnosis of marble osteopetrosis in the benign form. X-rays were performed, observing multiple bone lesions, functional integrative treatment guidelines were applied, as well as the use of M.N.T. At the end of the conclusion of both phases, the patient has decreased pain, has improved his psychological state, has gained in independence, and therefore in his quality of life(EU)