[Making balances between the risks and benefits of pharmacological treatment in dementia, chronic pain and anticoagulation in elderly persons]. / Haciendo equilibrios entre los riesgos y beneficios del tratamiento farmacológico en demencia, dolor crónico y anticoagulación en personas mayores.

In dementia, specific drugs and psychotropic drugs used for psychotic and behavioral symptoms have limited efficacy. Adverse effects may be important given the age and comorbidity of the patients. It is necessary, frequently, its withdrawal, planned together with the family, monitoring the response and offering non-pharmacological treatment alternatives. Chronic pain is suffered by 25-76% of the elderly who live in a community and is more frequent in women. The treatment is multidisciplinary, establishing realistic objectives, individualizing it, starting with lower doses of drugs and continuously reevaluating to control side effects and to get the correct level of analgesia. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation increases with age and is underdiagnosed. ACO is recommended with dicoumarin or direct oral anticoagulants not antagonists of vitamin K, in patients with AF older than 65 years unless contraindicated, to reduce embolic risk, confirming subgroup analyzes similar efficacy in prevention of stroke.

Haciendo equilibrios entre los riesgos y beneficios del tratamiento farmacológico en demencia, dolor crónico y anticoagulación en personas mayores / Making balances between the risks and benefits of pharmacological treatment in dementia, chronic pain and anticoagulation in elderly persons

En la demencia los fármacos específicos y psicofármacos utilizados para síntomas psicóticos y de conducta tienen eficacia limitada. Los efectos adversos pueden ser importantes dada edad y comorbilidad de los pacientes. Es necesario, frecuentemente, su retirada, planificada conjuntamente con familiares, monitorizando la respuesta y ofreciendo alternativas de tratamiento no farmacológicas. El dolor crónico lo sufren el 25-76% de los ancianos que viven en comunidad y es más frecuente en mujeres. El tratamiento es multidisciplinar, estableciendo objetivos realistas, individualizándolo, iniciando con dosis menores los fármacos y reevaluando continuamente para controlar efectos secundarios y lograr el nivel de analgesia correcto. La prevalencia de fibrilación auricular (FA) aumenta con la edad y está infradiagnosticada. Se recomienda anticoagulación oral con dicumarínicos o anticoagulantes orales directos no antagonistas de la vitamina K, en pacientes con FA mayores de 65 años salvo contraindicación, para reducir el riesgo embólico, confirmando los análisis de subgrupos eficacia similar en prevención de ACV

In dementia, specific drugs and psychotropic drugs used for psychotic and behavioral symptoms have limited efficacy. Adverse effects may be important given the age and comorbidity of the patients. It is necessary, frequently, its withdrawal, planned together with the family, monitoring the response and offering non-pharmacological treatment alternatives. Chronic pain is suffered by 25-76% of the elderly who live in a community and is more frequent in women. The treatment is multidisciplinary, establishing realistic objectives, individualizing it, starting with lower doses of drugs and continuously reevaluating to control side effects and to get the correct level of analgesia. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation increases with age and is underdiagnosed. ACO is recommended with dicoumarin or direct oral anticoagulants not antagonists of vitamin K, in patients with AF older than 65 years unless contraindicated, to reduce embolic risk, confirming subgroup analyzes similar efficacy in prevention of stroke

Effect of Permanent Atrial Fibrillation on Cognitive Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.

In patients with chronic heart failure (HF), cognitive impairment (CI) is associated with poorer treatment adherence and higher readmission and mortality rates. Previous studies suggest that atrial fibrillation (AF) could impair cognitive function. This study sought to assess the association between permanent AF (permAF) and CI in patients with HF. We evaluated cognitive function in 881 patients with stable HF (73 ± 11 years, 44% women, 48% with preserved ejection fraction) using the Mini-Mental State Examination test (n = 876) and the Pfeiffer's Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (n = 848). CI was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score <24 or Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (errors) >2. The independent association between permAF and CI was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis. A total of 295 patients (33.5%) had CI, in 5.1% of cases moderate/severe. Patients with permAF had more frequently any degree of CI (43% vs 31%), and moderate/severe CI (8% vs 5%). In the multivariate analysis, CI was associated with permAF (odds ratio 1.54, 95% C.I. 1.05 to 2.28), an older age, female gender, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, previous stroke, New York Heart Association class III/IV, and lower systolic blood pressure. No interaction was found for AF and CI between patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In conclusion, the presence of permAF is independently associated with CI in patients with HF, both with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Given the clinical impact of CI in the HF population, active assessment of cognitive function is particularly warranted in patients with HF with permAF.