RESUMO
In this work, Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations were used to elucidate key interactions between polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in aqueous two-phase systems for the extraction of phosphoric acid. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations were performed, and radial distribution functions as well as hydrogen bonds between PEG and other molecules were measured. Experimental data were used in combination with the slope method to infer PEG-H3PO4 interactions, and the interpretation is consistent with molecular simulation results. Based on our experimental and simulation results, we propose a solvation mechanism governed by hydrogen bonding interactions: at low concentrations of H3PO4 within the polymer-rich aqueous solution, entropy dominates and phosphoric acid molecules have weak interactions with PEG; as the concentration of phosphoric acid increases above a certain critical value, enthalpy dominates with PEG molecules interacting strongly with H3PO4 molecules via hydrogen bonds.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Polietilenoglicóis , Humanos , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Polietilenoglicóis/efeitos adversos , Polissorbatos/efeitos adversos , SARS-CoV-2Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Dipirona , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas , Hipersensibilidade Tardia , Ibuprofeno , Humanos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Dipirona/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Ibuprofeno/efeitos adversos , Ativação LinfocitáriaAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Ibuprofeno/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Dipirona/efeitos adversos , Ativação Linfocitária , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Curva ROCRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Vacinas Combinadas/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Eritema Endurado/induzido quimicamente , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/efeitos adversos , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/efeitos adversos , Testes do Emplastro , Testes IntradérmicosAssuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/terapia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/terapia , Lenalidomida/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Idoso , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Testes Imunológicos , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/efeitos adversos , Imunização Secundária/efeitos adversos , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/efeitos adversos , Fatores Etários , Reação de Arthus , Celulite (Flegmão)/diagnóstico por imagem , Pré-Escolar , Toxidermias/patologia , Toxidermias/terapia , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , Testes do Emplastro/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Combinadas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Summary: Clindamycin is widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Hypersensitivity to clindamycin seems to be not very common (less than 1% of drug-allergic reactions) and it mostly appears as delayed T-cell mediated. For the diagnosis, skin testing is considered to be highly sensitive and rather safe, but cutaneous and systemic reactions have been described. Provocation test is considered the gold standard. However, it includes the possibility of severe reactions. We reported two cases of delayed allergic reaction to clindamycin, confirmed with a positive lymphocyte transformation test, showing this in vitro test like a promising diagnostic method because of its usefulness and safety.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Clindamicina/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/diagnóstico , Imunoensaio/métodos , Testes Cutâneos/métodos , Pele/patologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adolescente , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/diagnóstico , Toxidermias/etiologia , Etoricoxib/efeitos adversos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Etoricoxib/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Amiodarona/efeitos adversos , Basófilos/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Teste de Degranulação de Basófilos , Basófilos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Imunofenotipagem , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/diagnóstico , Toxidermias/etiologia , Etoricoxib/efeitos adversos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Etoricoxib/administração & dosagem , Linfócitos/metabolismoRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amiodarona/efeitos adversos , Basófilos/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/efeitos adversos , Teste de Degranulação de Basófilos , Basófilos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Imunofenotipagem , Imunossupressores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii are sibling species of nematodes parasitic on marine mammals. Zoonotic human infection with third stage infective larvae causes anisakiasis, a debilitating and potentially fatal disease. These 2 species show evidence of hybridisation in geographical areas where they are sympatric. How the species and their hybrids differ is still poorly understood. RESULTS: Third stage larvae of Anisakis simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffii and hybrids were sampled from Merluccius merluccius (Teleosti) hosts captured in waters of the FAO 27 geographical area. Specimens of each species and hybrids were distinguished with a diagnostic genetic marker (ITS). RNA was extracted from pools of 10 individuals of each taxon. Transcriptomes were generated using Illumina RNA-Seq, and assembled de novo. A joint assembly (here called merged transcriptome) of all 3 samples was also generated. The inferred transcript sets were functionally annotated and compared globally and also on subsets of secreted proteins and putative allergen families. While intermediary metabolism appeared to be typical for nematodes in the 3 evaluated taxa, their transcriptomes present strong levels of differential expression and enrichment, mainly of transcripts related to metabolic pathways and gene ontologies associated to energy metabolism and other pathways, with significant presence of excreted/secreted proteins, most of them allergens. The allergome of the 2 species and their hybrids has also been thoroughly studied; at least 74 different allergen families were identified in the transcriptomes. CONCLUSIONS: A. simplex s.s., A. pegreffi and their hybrids differ in gene expression patterns in the L3 stage. Strong parent-of-origin effects were observed: A. pegreffi alleles dominate in the expression patterns of hybrids albeit the latter, and A. pegreffii also display significant differences indicating that hybrids are intermediate biological entities among their parental species, and thus of outstanding interest in the study of speciation in nematodes. Analyses of differential expression based on genes coding for secreted proteins suggests that co-infections presents different repertoires of released protein to the host environment. Both species and their hybrids, share more allergen genes than previously thought and are likely to induce overlapping disease responses.
Assuntos
Anisakis/genética , Gadiformes/parasitologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Proteínas de Helminto/genética , Alérgenos/genética , Animais , Anisakis/isolamento & purificação , Anisakis/patogenicidade , Cruzamento , Metabolismo Energético , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Larva/genética , Larva/patogenicidade , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de RNA/métodos , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaAssuntos
Euphorbiaceae/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Prata/química , Difusão Dinâmica da Luz , Euphorbiaceae/metabolismo , Química Verde , México , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Tamanho da Partícula , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Água/químicaRESUMO
Aluminum consumption has been associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies suggest that regular beer intake reverses the pro-oxidant and inflammatory statuses induced by aluminum nitrate intoxication. This paper aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of non-alcoholic beer (NABeer), silicon or hops, as well as their effect on animal behavior (e.g. curiosity, immobilization, rearing, grooming, swimming) and brain antioxidant enzyme (activity and gene expression) and anti-inflammatory status in aluminum nitrate intoxicated rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: 1) Control, 2) Aluminum nitrate (450⯵g/kg/day), 3) Aluminum nitrate plus NABeer, 4) Aluminum nitrate plus hops, and 5) Aluminum nitrate plus silicon. Hops showed the highest in vitro antioxidant capacity and silicon the highest anticholinesterase activity. In the Aluminum group the brain aluminum/silicon ratio increased with impairment of brain antioxidant and inflammatory statuses. NABeer, silicon and hops block the negative effect on the in vivo antioxidant and inflammatory statuses induced by Aluminum nitrate and improve swimming and rearing behavioral tests. The various positive results suggest that NABeer is useful as a functional multi-target drink in the prevention of some neurodegenerative events caused by aluminum intoxication. More studies are required to conclude present results.
Assuntos
Compostos de Alumínio/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Bebidas , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Humulus , Nitratos/toxicidade , Silício/farmacologia , Acetilcolinesterase/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Butirilcolinesterase/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/terapia , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Increased postprandial lipemia is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Carob fruit extract (CFE) contains condensed tannins, and their intake has been inversely related to CVD. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro pancreatic lipase activity in the presence of CFE and the in vivo effect of CFE on postprandial lipemia of healthy Wistar rats in acute and subchronic digestibility studies and to relate it with changes in fat digestion and absorption. CFE significantly reduced pancreatic lipase activity. A peak delay and a dose-dependent decrease in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol areas under the curve were observed, effects that increased after the subchronic treatment. The levels of nondigested, nonabsorbed triglycerides of the remaining intestinal lumen fat were significantly higher in the maximum dose of CFE administrated versus the control ( P < 0.05). This study demonstrates for the first time the hypolipemic properties of CFE from the first administration, modifying postprandial lipemia by reducing the extents of fat digestion and absorption.