Dislipemia en población diabética tratada con estatinas. Resultados del estudio DYSIS en España / Dyslipemia in diabetics treated with statins. Results of the dysis study in spian

Fundamento y objetivo: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se asocia con un elevado riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), siendo de gran importancia tratar intensivamente los distintos factores de RCV, como la dislipemia. El tratamiento hipocolesterolemiante es necesario para conseguir reducir el RCV asociado a la DM2, siendo el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (colesterol LDL) el principal objetivo terapéutico. En este trabajo se analiza el perfil lipídico de pacientes diabéticos en tratamiento con estatinas. Pacientes y método: El estudio DYSIS (Dyslipidemia International Study) es un estudio observacional, internacional, en el que se analiza el perfil lipídico de pacientes tratados con estatinas, en prevención primaria o secundaria. Resultados: De los 3703 pacientes analizados, el 39% eran diabéticos. El 59,2% de los diabéticos presentaban el colesterol LDL fuera de control. En conjunto, el 43,6% de diabéticos presentaba triglicéridos elevados y el 36,4% tenían el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (colesterol HDL) bajo. De los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica y diabetes, el 31% tenían colesterol LDL, colesterol HDL y triglicéridos fuera de control. De los pacientes diabéticos con síndrome metabólico el 60% tiene el colesterol LDL fuera de objetivos, el 39,8% tienen el colesterol HDL bajo y el 46,6% triglicéridos elevados. El 57% de los pacientes diabéticos obesos presentaba falta de control del colesterol LDL, aún en tratamiento con estatinas. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de morbimortalidad en pacientes con DM2. El estudio DYSIS muestra que la mayoría de los pacientes tratados con estatinas no alcanzan los objetivos lipídicos recomendados por las guías. En el presente estudio se constata que más de la mitad de los diabéticos tratados con estatinas tiene el colesterol LDL fuera de control, el grado de control de la dislipemia es muy limitado a pesar del tratamiento con estatinas, lo que puede determinar la necesidad de una terapia combinada para el tratamiento eficaz de la dislipemia diabética (AU)

Background and objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is characterized by carrying a high cardiovascular risk (CVR). This situation underscores the importance of intensively treating the risk factors present in diabetic patients, notably dyslipemia. The treatment with cholesterol-lowering drugs may be especially effective to reduce the CVR in diabetic patients. Therefore, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) is a priority target in the lipid management of these patients. This study analyzes the alterations in the lipid profile of diabetic patients receiving treatment with statins, which therefore may contribute to persistent CVR in such individuals. Patients and methods: The Dyslipidemia International Study (DYSIS) is an international, observational trial analyzing the lipid profile of patients treated with statins and followed-up on in outpatient clinics by primary care physicians and specialists. This study is referred to the data on the diabetic patients. Results: Of the total patients enrolled in the DYSIS, the present study included 3,703 patients, 39% being diabetics. A total of 59.2% of diabetics showed LDL-C out of goal; triglyceride elevation was observed in 43.6% and 36.4% showed low high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C). In diabetic patients with coronary heart disease, 31% had uncontrolled levels of all 3 lipid parameters. The prevalence of out of goal LDL-C in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome was close to 60%; 39.8% had low levels of HDL-C and 46.6% high levels of triglycerides. In addition, 57% of diabetic patients with obesity showed LDL-C out of control, despite statins treatment. Conclusions: Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of morbimortality in patients with DM2. The results of the present study show that in diabetic patients the degree of control is very limited with regard to LDL-C. More than half of diabetic patients treated with statins had LDL-C out of goal. The level of dyslipidemia control was low, despite statins treatment. Therefore, the detection of atherogenic dyslipidemia may point to the advisability of using combination therapy for dyslipidemia in diabetic patients (AU)

[Dyslipemia in diabetics treated with statins. Results of the DYSIS study in Spian]. / Dislipemia en población diabética tratada con estatinas. Resultados del estudio DYSIS en España.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is characterized by carrying a high cardiovascular risk. This situation underscores the importance of intensively treating the risk factors present in diabetic patients, notably dyslipemia. The treatment with cholesterol-lowering drugs may be especially effective to reduce the cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Therefore, LDL-cholesterol is a priority target in the lipid management of these patients. This study analyzes the alterations in the lipid profile of diabetic patients receiving treatment with statins, which therefore may contribute to persistent cardiovascular risk in such individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The DYSIS (Dyslipidemia International Study) is an international, observational trial analyzing the lipid profile of patients treated with statins and followed-up on in outpatient clinics by primary care physicians and specialists. This study is referred to the data on the diabetic patients. RESULTS: Of the total patients enrolled in the DYSIS, the present study included 3703 patients, 39% being diabetics. A total of 59.2% of diabetics showed LDL-C out of goal; triglyceride elevation was observed in 43.6% and 36.4% showed low HDL-C. In diabetics patients with coronary heart disease, 31% had uncontrolled levels of all three lipid parameters. The prevalence of out of goal LDL-C in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome was close to 60%; 39.8% had low levels of HDL-C and 46,6% high levels of triglycerides. In addition, 57% of diabetic patients with obesity showed LDL-C out of control, despite statins treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of morbidity-mortality in patients with DM2. The results of the present study show that in diabetic patients the degree of control is very limited with regard to LDL-cholesterol. More than half of diabetic patients treated with statins had LDL-cholesterol out of goal. The level of dyslipidemia control was low, despite statins treatment. Therefore, the detection of atherogenic dyslipidemia may point to the advisability of using combination therapy for dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.

Magnitud y características del riesgo residual lipídico en pacientes con antecedentes de revascularización coronaria: estudio ICP- Bypass / Magnitude and characteristics of residual lipid risk in patients with a history of coronary revascularization: The ICP-Bypass study

Introducción y objetivos. El riesgo residual lipídico se define como el exceso de complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes con buen control del colesterol unido a liproteínas de baja densidad y se atribuye fundamentalmente al colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad y los triglicéridos. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la magnitud y las características asociadas al riesgo residual lipídico en pacientes con antecedentes de revascularización coronaria. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico, transversal y observacional. Se definió riesgo residual lipídico por la presencia de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad < 40mg/dl y/o triglicéridos > 150mg/dl en pacientes con colesterol unido a liproteínas de baja densidad < 100mg/dl. Resultados. Se incluyó a 2.292 pacientes, con una media de edad de 65,5±12,4 años. El 94,1% estaba en tratamiento con estatinas y el 4,8% no recibía ningún tratamiento hipolipemiante; el tratamiento únicamente con estatinas (74%) fue la estrategia más común, seguida de la combinación con ezetimiba (17%). La prevalencia de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad < 40mg/dl fue del 35,8%; la de hipertrigliceridemia, del 38,9%, y la de colesterol unido a liproteínas de baja densidad > 100mg/dl, 44,9%. El 29,9% de los pacientes constituyeron el colectivo de riesgo residual lipídico. Estos pacientes presentaron un perfil clínico similar, salvo por una media de edad ligeramente inferior, más diabetes y sexo masculino. El análisis multivariable identificó asociación positiva de la diabetes y el sexo masculino con riesgo residual lipídico; diabetes, tabaquismo activo, sexo masculino y el tratamiento con fibratos se asociaron al colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad < 40mg/dl; y diabetes, tabaquismo, obesidad abdominal y el tratamiento con fibratos, a la hipertrigliceridemia. Conclusiones. Casi una tercera parte de los pacientes con antecedentes de revascularización coronaria presentan colesterol unido a liproteínas de baja densidad < 100mg/dl y colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad bajo y/o triglicéridos elevados en la práctica clínica diaria, el denominado riesgo residual lipídico (AU)

Introduction and objectives. Residual lipid risk has been defined as the excess of cardiovascular events observed in patients with adequate control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and has been mainly attributed to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical features and the magnitude and characteristics associated with residual lipid risk in patients with a history of coronary revascularization. Methods. Multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study of patients with a history of coronary revascularization. Residual lipid risk was defined as the presence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL and/or triglycerides >150 mg/dL in patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. Results. We included 2292 patients with a mean age of 65.5 (12.4) years; 94.1% were receiving no statin therapy and 4.8% no lipid therapy. Statin-only therapy (74%) was the most common strategy, followed by combination with ezetimibe (17%). The prevalence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL was 35.8%, hypertriglyceridemia 38.9%, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >100 mg/dL 44.9%; the residual lipid risk group included 29.9% of all patients. This patient group had a similar clinical profile except for slightly lower mean age, higher incidence of diabetes, and higher proportion of men. Multivariate analysis identified positive associations of diabetes and male sex with residual lipid risk; current smoking, male sex, and fibrate therapy were associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL; current smoking, abdominal obesity, and fibrate therapy were associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusions. In daily clinical practice, almost one-third of patients with a history of coronary revascularization have low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL plus low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and/or hypertriglyceridemia, a concept known as residual lipid risk (AU)

[Magnitude and characteristics of residual lipid risk in patients with a history of coronary revascularization: the ICP-bypass study]. / Magnitud y características del riesgo residual lipídico en pacientes con antecedentes de revascularización coronaria: estudio ICP-Bypass.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Residual lipid risk has been defined as the excess of cardiovascular events observed in patients with adequate control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and has been mainly attributed to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical features and the magnitude and characteristics associated with residual lipid risk in patients with a history of coronary revascularization. METHODS: Multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study of patients with a history of coronary revascularization. Residual lipid risk was defined as the presence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL and/or triglycerides >150 mg/dL in patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. RESULTS: We included 2292 patients with a mean age of 65.5 (12.4) years; 94.1% were receiving no statin therapy and 4.8% no lipid therapy. Statin-only therapy (74%) was the most common strategy, followed by combination with ezetimibe (17%). The prevalence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL was 35.8%, hypertriglyceridemia 38.9%, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >100 mg/dL 44.9%; the residual lipid risk group included 29.9% of all patients. This patient group had a similar clinical profile except for slightly lower mean age, higher incidence of diabetes, and higher proportion of men. Multivariate analysis identified positive associations of diabetes and male sex with residual lipid risk; current smoking, male sex, and fibrate therapy were associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL; current smoking, abdominal obesity, and fibrate therapy were associated with hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSIONS: In daily clinical practice, almost one-third of patients with a history of coronary revascularization have low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL plus low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and/or hypertriglyceridemia, a concept known as residual lipid risk.

Heparin prevents programmed cell death in human trophoblast.

Heparin is used clinically for the prevention of pregnancy complications associated with prothrombotic disorders, especially antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Recent studies have suggested that heparin may exert direct effects on placental trophoblast, independently of its anticoagulant activity. We now demonstrate that heparin abrogates apoptosis of primary first trimester villous trophoblast in response to treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. This multifunctional glycosaminoglycan also inhibited apoptosis induced by other agents, including staurosporin, broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor and thrombin. Furthermore, heparin attenuated caspase-3 activity, a hallmark of apoptosis, in human first trimester villous and extravillous trophoblast cell lines treated with peptidoglycan, a Toll-like receptor-2 agonist isolated from Staphylococcus aureus. The ability of heparin to antagonize cell death induced by such diverse apoptotic signals suggested that it acts as a survival factor for human trophoblast. We demonstrate that heparin, like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), elicits phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and activation of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-, the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)- and the c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK)-signal transduction pathways in primary villous trophoblast. In summary, we have demonstrated that heparin activates multiple anti-apoptotic pathways in human trophoblast. Our results suggest that heparin may be useful in the management of at-risk patients, even in the absence of an identifiable thrombophilic disorder.