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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33917348

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model of gait recovery after hip fracture. Data was obtained from a sample of 25,607 patients included in the Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry from 2017 to 2019. The primary outcome was recovery of the baseline level of ambulatory capacity. A logistic regression model was developed using 40% of the sample and the model was validated in the remaining 60% of the sample. The predictors introduced in the model were: age, prefracture gait independence, cognitive impairment, anesthetic risk, fracture type, operative delay, early postoperative mobilization, weight bearing, presence of pressure ulcers and destination at discharge. Five groups of patients or clusters were identified by their predicted probability of recovery, including the most common features of each. A probability threshold of 0.706 in the training set led to an accuracy of the model of 0.64 in the validation set. We present an acceptably accurate predictive model of gait recovery after hip fracture based on the patients' individual characteristics. This model could aid clinicians to better target programs and interventions in this population.


Assuntos
Fraturas do Quadril , Estudos de Coortes , Deambulação Precoce , Marcha , Fraturas do Quadril/epidemiologia , Humanos , Suporte de Carga
2.
J Am Med Dir Assoc ; 21(12): 1811-1814, 2020 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33256960

RESUMO

Older adults living in nursing homes are the most vulnerable group of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are many difficulties in isolating residents and limiting the spread in this setting. We have developed a simple algorithm with a traffic light format for resident classification and sectorization within nursing homes, based on basic diagnostic tests, surveillance of symptoms onset, and close contact monitoring. We have implemented the algorithm in several centers with good data on adherence. Suggestions for implementation and evaluation are discussed.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Casas de Saúde , Humanos , Isolamento de Pacientes/organização & administração , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 33(6): 466-484, dic. 2020. ilus, tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195995

RESUMO

La alta transmisibilidad del SARS-CoV-2 antes y poco después de la aparición de los síntomas sugiere que sólo diagnosticar y aislar a pacientes sintomáticos puede no ser suficiente para interrumpir la propagación de la infección; por ello son también necesarias medidas de salud pública como el distanciamiento social. Adicionalmente será importante detectar a los nuevos infectados que permanecen asintomáticos, que pueden ascender al 50% o más de los casos. Las técnicas moleculares son el patrón de referencia para el diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, el uso masivo de estas técnicas ha generado algunos problemas. Por un lado, la escasez de los recursos (analizadores, fungibles y reactivos), y por otro el retraso en la notificación de resultados. Estos dos hechos se traducen en un retraso en la aplicación de las medidas de aislamiento entre casos y contactos, lo que favorece la expansión de la infección. Las pruebas de detección de antígenos son también métodos de diagnóstico directo, con la ventaja de obtener el resultado en pocos minutos y en el mismo lugar de atención. Además, la sencillez y el bajo coste de estas pruebas permiten repetirlas en días sucesivos en determinados contextos clínicos. La sensibilidad de las pruebas de antígenos es generalmente menor que la de las que detectan ácidos nucleicos, si bien su especificidad es comparable. Se ha comprobado que las pruebas antigénicas tienen más validez en los días alrededor del inicio de síntomas, cuando la carga viral en nasofaringe es mayor. Disponer de un análisis de detección viral rápido y en tiempo real como la prueba de antígenos se ha demostrado más útil para controlar la expansión de la infección que pruebas más sensibles, pero de mayor coste y tiempo de respuesta, como son las pruebas moleculares. Las principales instituciones sanitarias como la OMS, los CDC y el propio Ministerio de Sanidad del Gobierno de España plantean el uso de las pruebas antigénicas en una amplia variedad de estrategias para responder a la pandemia. El presente documento pretende servir de apoyo a los médicos implicados en la atención de pacientes con sospecha de infección por SC2, en el contexto de una incidencia creciente en España desde septiembre de 2020 que representa ya la segunda onda pandémica de COVID-19


The high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 before and shortly after the onset of symptoms suggests that only diagnosing and isolating symptomatic patients may not be sufficient to interrupt the spread of infection; therefore, public health measures such as personal distancing are also necessary. Additionally, it will be important to detect the newly infected individuals who remain asymptomatic, which may account for 50% or more of the cases. Molecular techniques are the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the massive use of these techniques has generated some problems. On the one hand, the scarcity of resources (analyzers, fungibles and reagents), and on the other the delay in the notification of results. These two facts translate into a lag in the application of isolation measures among cases and contacts, which favors the spread of the infection. Antigen detection tests are also direct diagnostic methods, with the advantage of obtaining the result in a few minutes and at the very "pointof-care". Furthermore, the simplicity and low cost of these tests allow them to be repeated on successive days in certain clinical settings. The sensitivity of antigen tests is generally lower than that of nucleic acid tests, although their specificity is comparable. Antigenic tests have been shown to be more valid in the days around the onset of symptoms, when the viral load in the nasopharynx is higher. Having a rapid and real-time viral detection assay such as the antigen test has been shown to be more useful to control the spread of the infection than more sensitive tests, but with greater cost and response time, such as in case of molecular tests. The main health institutions such as the WHO, the CDC and the Ministry of Health of the Government of Spain propose the use of antigenic tests in a wide variety of strategies to respond to the pandemic. This document aims to support physicians involved in the care of patients with suspected SC2 infection, in the context of a growing incidence in Spain since September 2020, which already represents the second pandemic wave of COVID-19


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos Virais/sangue , Betacoronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Doença Aguda , Distribuição por Idade , Busca de Comunicante , Incidência , Nasofaringe/virologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 932019 Oct 18.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31625534

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry (Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera or RNFC) is a Spanish, prospective, multi- centric registry, commenced in 2017. The goal of this paper is to present the data from the first annual report and to compare them with autonomic registries and recent prospective multi-centric studies performed in Spain. METHODS: We included persons 75 years or older treated for fragility hip fractures in any of the centers participating in the RNFC between January and October 2017. The descriptive statistics of each variable used the mean (and standard deviation) or the median (and interquartile ranges) for the ordinal variables and the percentage for the categoric variables. A descriptive analysis of the casemix was performed and compared with available data from the aforementioned studies. RESULTS: The RNFC included 7.208 patients from 54 hospitals, with a mean age of 86.7 (SD 5.6) years; 75.4% were women, and 36.4% showed cognitive decline. Mean surgical delay was 75.7 (SD 63.6) hours, and length of stay averaged 10.9 (SD 6.7) days. Of the patients who lived at home (75.4%), less than half (37.0%) returned home at discharge. One-month mortality was 7.1%. Comparison with other studies showed important differences, especially regarding patients newly sent to nursing homes (7.7-29.4%) and with antiosteoporotic treatment at discharge (14.5-36.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The RNFC is the largest prospective database to date that offers data regarding the characteristics of patients hospitalized for hip fractures in Spain. Comparison with recent studies showed some important differences.


OBJETIVO: El Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera (RNFC) es un registro español multicéntrico, prospectivo y continuo, que comenzó en 2017. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar los datos del primer informe anual y compararlos con los registros autonómicos y los estudios multicéntricos realizados recientemente en España. METODOS: Se incluyeron las personas de 75 años o más atendidas con el diagnóstico de fractura de cadera por fragilidad en alguno de los hospitales participantes en el RNFC, entre enero y octubre de 2017. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la media y desviación estándar o mediana y rangos intercuartílicos para las variables numéricas y los porcentajes para las variables categóricas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo global de la casuística y se comparó con los datos disponibles de los estudios previos mencionados. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 7.208 personas de 54 hospitales, con una edad media de 86,7 años (DE 5,6). El 75,4% fueron mujeres y el 36,4% presentaron deterioro cognitivo previo. La demora quirúrgica media fue de 75,7 horas (DE 63,6) y la estancia media fue de 10,9 días (DE 6,7). De las personas que vivían en un domicilio antes de la fractura (75,4%), menos de la mitad (37,0%) volvieron a él tras el alta hospitalaria. Al mes, había fallecido el 7,1%. La comparación con los otros estudios mostró algunas diferencias importantes, sobre todo en la ubicación previa, en el porcentaje de pacientes institucionalizados de novo (7,7-29,4%) y en el porcentaje con tratamiento antiosteoporótico al alta (14,5-36,7%). CONCLUSIONES: El RNFC es la mayor base de datos prospectiva que aporta datos sobre el perfil de los pacientes hospitalizados por fractura de cadera en España. La comparación con otros estudios recientes muestra algunas diferencias importantes.


Assuntos
Fraturas do Quadril , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fixação de Fratura/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso Fragilizado , Fraturas do Quadril/diagnóstico , Fraturas do Quadril/epidemiologia , Fraturas do Quadril/reabilitação , Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Espanha , Tempo para o Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(1): 5-11, ene.-feb. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-182216

RESUMO

Objetivos: Describir las características de pacientes con fractura de cadera (FC) ingresados desde enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2016 en ocho unidades de Ortogeriatría de hospitales públicos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y multicéntrico. Se constituyó en 2014 un grupo de trabajo en FC; se invitó a la participación a todos los hospitales con algún tipo de asistencia conjunta entre Traumatología y Geriatría, participando los geriatras responsables de la unidad de Ortogeriatría de ocho hospitales. Se consensuó una base de datos con las variables con impacto en resultados de salud (sociodemográficas, clínicas y evolutivas durante el proceso asistencial). Resultados: Se incluyeron 3.995 pacientes; el 76,3% eran mujeres, y la edad media fue de 85,3años (rango 58-108años). El 67% fueron clasificados según el Physical Status Classification System de la American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) como III-IV. Se intervinieron el 96,7% de los pacientes (el 35,9% de ellos en las primeras 48h del ingreso, con una mediana de tiempo de retraso quirúrgico de 3días). La principal causa del retraso quirúrgico fueron los problemas logísticos en el 43,5% de los casos. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 11,2días. Precisaron trasfusión el 53,1%. La mortalidad durante el ingreso fue del 5,3%. Conclusiones: Los registros de FC son un elemento imprescindible para conocer el proceso de atención a estos pacientes y poder aprender y mejorar la calidad asistencial. Nuestros resultados se adecúan a los de otros registros internacionales. Se debe mejorar el tiempo de espera prequirúrgica, consiguiendo intervenir en las primeras 48h a todos los pacientes sin datos de inestabilidad clínica. Igualmente se precisa mayor dotación de recursos de recuperación funcional y mayor uniformidad de estos


Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with hip fractures admitted over a period of two years (from January 2015 to December 2016) in eight Orthogeriatric Units in public hospitals of the Community of Madrid. Material and method: This is a descriptive, prospective and multi-centre study. In 2014, all hospitals in Madrid providing joint Geriatric and Traumatology assistance were invited to a recently created orthogeriatric work group. Geriatricians in charge of the Orthogeriatric Unit from eight hospitals took part in this study. The participants established a database including all variables that influenced health outcomes (socio-demographic and clinical variables). Results: The study includes 3,995 patients, with a mean age of 85.3years (range: 58-108years old). Two-thirds of them were ASA (American Society Physical Status Classification System) III-IV. Almost all (96.7%) of the patients underwent a surgical operation, and 35.9% of them were operated during the first 48hours. The delay was mainly due to logistic problems (43.5%). The mean hospital stay was 11.2days. Just over half (53.1%) of the patients required a blood transfusion. In-hospital mortality was 5.3%. Discussion: Hip fracture registries are essential tools to monitor the healthcare process of these patients, as well as to improve the quality of care. Our results are similar to other records. It would be necessary to improve pre-operative time, which must be less than 48hours in patients without clinical instability. We also need more resources for functional recovery and more uniformity


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fraturas do Quadril/epidemiologia , Tempo para o Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/organização & administração , Registros de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/tendências , Artroplastia/estatística & dados numéricos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 54(1): 5-11, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30131189

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients with hip fractures admitted over a period of two years (from January 2015 to December 2016) in eight Orthogeriatric Units in public hospitals of the Community of Madrid. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a descriptive, prospective and multi-centre study. In 2014, all hospitals in Madrid providing joint Geriatric and Traumatology assistance were invited to a recently created orthogeriatric work group. Geriatricians in charge of the Orthogeriatric Unit from eight hospitals took part in this study. The participants established a database including all variables that influenced health outcomes (socio-demographic and clinical variables). RESULTS: The study includes 3,995 patients, with a mean age of 85.3years (range: 58-108years old). Two-thirds of them were ASA (American Society Physical Status Classification System) III-IV. Almost all (96.7%) of the patients underwent a surgical operation, and 35.9% of them were operated during the first 48hours. The delay was mainly due to logistic problems (43.5%). The mean hospital stay was 11.2days. Just over half (53.1%) of the patients required a blood transfusion. In-hospital mortality was 5.3%. DISCUSSION: Hip fracture registries are essential tools to monitor the healthcare process of these patients, as well as to improve the quality of care. Our results are similar to other records. It would be necessary to improve pre-operative time, which must be less than 48hours in patients without clinical instability. We also need more resources for functional recovery and more uniformity.


Assuntos
Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Geriatria , Unidades Hospitalares , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ortopedia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Espanha
7.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(3): 149-154, mayo-jun. 2018. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-174435

RESUMO

La edad es uno de los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer. Se espera que el ritmo actual de envejecimiento poblacional tenga un impacto sin precedentes sobre la incidencia de diversos tumores. De hecho, el abordaje de los pacientes oncológicos de edad avanzada es ya un importante problema de salud pública en los países desarrollados. Sin embargo, estos pacientes han sido tradicionalmente excluidos de los ensayos clinicos, y están ausentes de los protocolos habituales de tratamiento oncológico. Por ello, los profesionales de salud se encuentran en territorio desconocido, sin herramientas con que enfrentarse a las múltiples dificultades que se plantean a diario en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. La valoración geriátrica integral se posiciona como una herramienta ideal para una correcta detección de problemas ocultos, facilitar la toma de decisiones sobre las opciones de tratamiento en pacientes complejos, y coordinar la asistencia de los pacientes ancianos con comorbilidad


Age is one of the main risk factors for the development of cancer. It is expected that the progressive aging of the population will have an unprecedented impact on the incidence of various tumours. In fact, the management of elderly cancer patients is already a major public health problem in developed countries. However, elderly patients have systematically been excluded from cancer drug studies or protocol development. This has left health professionals in uncharted territory, without proper tools to address the multiple difficulties that arise in the treatment of these patients. A comprehensive geriatric assessment may serve as an ideal tool for the correct detection of hidden problems, facilitating treatment decisions in these complex patients, and integrating the care of patients with comorbidities


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Serviço Hospitalar de Oncologia/tendências , Geriatria/organização & administração , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Idoso Fragilizado , Unidades Hospitalares/organização & administração , Comorbidade
8.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 53(3): 149-154, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29183638

RESUMO

Age is one of the main risk factors for the development of cancer. It is expected that the progressive aging of the population will have an unprecedented impact on the incidence of various tumours. In fact, the management of elderly cancer patients is already a major public health problem in developed countries. However, elderly patients have systematically been excluded from cancer drug studies or protocol development. This has left health professionals in uncharted territory, without proper tools to address the multiple difficulties that arise in the treatment of these patients. A comprehensive geriatric assessment may serve as an ideal tool for the correct detection of hidden problems, facilitating treatment decisions in these complex patients, and integrating the care of patients with comorbidities.


Assuntos
Geriatria , Unidades Hospitalares/organização & administração , Oncologia , Idoso , Protocolos Clínicos , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos
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