Mechanical and Environmental Assessment of Lathe Waste as an Addiction to Concrete Compared to the Use of Commercial Fibres.

The use of fibres applied to concrete in order to improve its properties is widely known. Nowadays, research is not only focused on improving mechanical properties but also on the environmental implications. The aim of this research was a mechanical and environmental comparison between different types of fibres. For this purpose, commercial fibres of three materials were used: low carbon steel, modified polyolefins, and glass fibre. In order to improve the sustainability of the sector, we also analysed and compared the performance of using a waste product, such as fibres from machining operations on lathes. For the evaluation of the mechanical properties, compression and flexural tests were carried out. The results show that the use of low carbon steel fibres increases the flexural strength by 4.8%. At the environmental level, and in particular for impact categories such as the Global Warming Potential (GWP), lathe waste fibres prove to be the most suitable. For instance, compared to glass fibres, CO2 emissions are reduced by 14.39%. This is equivalent to a total of 38 kg CO2 emissions per m3 of reinforced concrete. In addition to avoiding the consumption of 482 MJ/m3 of fossil fuels, the results of the research indicate the feasibility of using waste fibres as a substitute for commercial fibres, contributing to an improved environmental balance without losing mechanical performance.

Visceral Origin: An Underestimated Source of Neck Pain. A Systematic Scoping Review.

The diagnosis of neck pain is challenging. Many visceral disorders are known to cause it, and clinical practice guidelines recommend to rule them out during neck pain diagnosis. However, the absence of suspicion of any cause impedes one from establishing that specific aetiology as the final diagnosis. To investigate the degree of consideration given to visceral aetiology, a systematic search of trials about neck pain was carried out to evaluate their selection criteria. The search yielded 309 eligible articles, which were screened by two independent reviewers. The PEDro scale score was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. The following information was retrieved: number of authors affiliated to a clinical or non-clinical institution, number of citations in the Web of Science, study aims, characteristics of participants, and eligibility criteria. The top 15 most cited trials, and the 15 most recent studies about treatment efficacy in neck pain, published in first quartile journals of the Journal Citation Reports, were selected. Females represented 67.5% of participants. A single study was of poor methodological quality (4/10). Based on the eligibility criteria of the articles that were systematically reviewed, it would appear that visceral aetiology was not considered in eighty percent of the trials on neck pain, showing a low level of suspicion both in research and clinical settings.

Cirugía de continencia en niños con vejiga neurogénica / Continnence surgery in children with neurogenic blader

Se presenta la experiencia en 18 pacientes con incontinencia urinaria secundaria a vejiga neurogénica, de marzo de 1991 a diciembre de 1996. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 9 años, con límites de 5 a 16 años. Se evaluó el comportamiento vesical preoperatorio mediante cistometría, encontrando: 1) detrusor hiperrefléxico y esfínter normal o hiperactivo en 8 pacientes (44 por ciento, 2) detrusor hiperrefléxico con esfínter hipoactivo en 7 pacientes (39 por ciento), y 3) detrusor normorrefléxico mas esfínter hipoactivo en 3 pacientes (17 por ciento). Se encontró reflujo vesicoureteral en 14 pacientes (78 por ciento), y en 8 de ellos fue bilateral; tres fueron derechos y 3 izquierdos, y predominaron los reflujos grados III y V. La cirugía corrigió todos los reflujos. La cirugía de continencia consistió sólo en ampliación vesical en 8 pacientes, aumento vesical y cabestrillo fascial en 3 pacientes, aumento vesical y operación de Mitrofanoff en un paciente, y cabestrillo fascial solamente en 5 pacientes. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios para 13 pacientes (duran más de 4 horas secos después del cateterismo vesical intermitente), y en los 5 restantes fueron aceptables (duran secos 2 a 4 horas después de cateterismo intermitente). Las complicaciones fueron principalmente persistencia bacteriana o bacteriuria asintomática