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1.
J. health med. sci. (Print) ; 8(2): 79-90, abr.-jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391911

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los ambientes alimentarios determinan en gran medida el comportamiento alimentario de la población, por lo que se asocian a la epidemia de obesidad. Es responsabilidad de los Estados formular e implementar políticas para intervenir los ambientes alimentarios obesogénicos. El éxito de las políticas dependerá de factores que actúan como barreras o facilitadores. OBJETIVO: Identificar las barreras y facilitadores que se presentan al formular e implementar políticas públicas que aborden los ambientes alimentarios obesogénicos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio secundario en base a revisión narrativa. La identificación, tamizaje y selección de los artículos publicados se guio por el diagrama PRISMA. Para la identificación se recurrió a las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Scielo, Scopus y Web of Science (WOS), ingresando campos de búsqueda y palabras clave. En el tamizaje se eliminaron los duplicados y se aplicaron criterios de inclusión. La calidad metodológica de los estudios elegibles se evaluó con el protocolo CASPe. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron estudios cualitativos que usaron entrevistas a actores claves. Las barreras identificadas para el proceso de formulación de políticas de ambientes alimentarios obesogénicos son el impacto económico negativo, falta de evidencia científica sobre la efectividad de las políticas, influencia de la industria alimentaria, debilidades de coordinación y cooperación técnica. Los facilitadores identificados son el compromiso político de los Estados con las agencias internacionales, enfoque de trabajo conjunto con la industria alimentaria y el apoyo académico. CONCLUSIÓN: La formulación de políticas para intervenir ambientes alimentarios obesogénicos está especialmente limitada por la industria alimentaria. Es relevante generar evidencia científica del impacto que, las regulaciones implementadas, han tenido en los factores económicos y sobre la salud de la población. La colaboración entre gobiernos e industria alimentaria, podría derivar políticas que, además de impactar positivamente la salud de la población, sean una oportunidad para el sector privado y la generación de empleo.


INTRODUCTION: Food environments largely determine the eating behavior of the population, which is why they are associated with the obesity epidemic. It is the responsibility of States to formulate and implement policies to intervene in obesogenic food environments. The success of the policies will depend on factors that act as barriers or facilitators. OBJECTIVE: To identify the barriers and facilitators for the formulation and implementation of public policies that address obesogenic food environments. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Secondary study based on narrative review. The identification, screening and selection of published articles was guided by the PRISMA diagram. For the identification, the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) were used, entering search fields and keywords. In the screening, duplicates were eliminated and inclusion criteria were applied. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed using the CASPe protocol. RESULTS: Qualitative studies that used interviews with key actors were reviewed. The barriers identified for the process of formulating policies on obesogenic food environments are the negative economic impact, lack of scientific evidence on the effectiveness of policies, influence of the food industry, weaknesses in coordination and technical cooperation. The identified facilitators are the political commitment of the States with international agencies, a joint work approach with the food industry and academic support. CONCLUSION: Policymaking to intervene in obesogenic food environments is especially limited by the food industry. It is relevant to generate scientific evidence of the impact that the implemented regulations have had on economic factors and on the health of the population. Collaboration between governments and the food industry could derive policies that, in addition to having a positive impact on the health of the population, would mean an opportunity for the private sector and the generation of employment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Política Pública , Meio Ambiente , Alimentos , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Indústria Alimentícia , Política Nutricional
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(11)nov. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389397

RESUMO

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is defined as the intermediate stage between the cognitive changes associated with normal aging and dementia. People with MCI can benefit from the implementation of multidimensional non-pharmacological interventions. Aim: To determine the effect of a Multidimensional Intervention based on cognitive, physical, and social training (IMCFS) on the cognitive performance of a group of people with MCI. Materials and Methods: Pre and post intervention measurements of cognitive and physical parameters were performed in 10 adults aged 76 ± 4 years with MCI, who participated in the IMCFS lasting three months. Results: A significant improvement was observed in global cognitive performance, anterograde memory, visuospatial memory and in associative learning after IMCFS implementation. No significant effects of the IMCFS on attention, executive functions, language, and viso-constructive skills were observed. Conclusions: Older adults with MCI benefit from the implementation of a multidimensional intervention, such as IMCFS, which is feasible to implement and integrate into the programs offered by the Chilean healthcare network.

3.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 48(3)jun. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388493

RESUMO

RESUMEN Para contribuir a la vida sana de la comunidad y en atención a las recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales para combatir la obesidad y sus consecuencias, en 2017 la Municipalidad de Quillota promulgó una Ordenanza de Promoción de Salud para favorecer entornos alimentarios saludables y para la práctica de actividad física. No está descrito en qué consiste y cuáles son las dificultades para establecer este tipo de normativas locales. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el proceso técnico y político que culminó en la generación de esta Ordenanza como ejemplo para el resto de los municipios del país. Con un diseño cualitativo, exploratorio y retrospectivo se recolectó información a través de entrevistas, grupos focales y diálogos participativos. Se realizó un mapeo de actores y el análisis de las lecciones aprendidas, considerando barreras y facilitadores. Los resultados muestran que la Ordenanza representó un desafío para la toma de decisiones que habilitaron su consolidación tanto en términos de gestión técnica como en los niveles de poder. Entre las lecciones aprendidas destaca la relevancia de un escenario político favorable, un equipo técnico competente y con liderazgo, y la fuerte articulación intersectorial; siendo clave la voluntad de las autoridades municipales y la negociación con sectores de oposición. La participación comunitaria activa fue un punto de compleja implementación.


ABSTRACT With the aim of improving the health of the community and given national and international recommendations to combat obesity and its consequences, in 2017, the Municipality of Quillota enacted a Health Promotion Ordinance to promote healthy food environments and physical activity practices. The ordinance is not specifically detailed, nor are the difficulties in establishing such local regulations described. Thus, this study intended to analyze the technical and political processes that generated this ordinance, which may serve as an example for other municipalities. The information collection was made through interviews, focus groups, and participatory dialogues, using a qualitative, exploratory, and retrospective design. Actors mapping and lessons learned analysis, considering barriers and facilitators found, was conducted. The results show that the ordinance consolidation presented a challenge to the decision-making management at the technical and empowerment levels. Lessons learned include favorable political scenarios, a competent technical team, and strong cross-sectoral articulation. Two key factors were the municipal authorities' resolution and negotiation with opposition sectors. Active community participation was a point of complex implementation.

4.
Rev Med Chil ; 149(11): 1569-1578, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35735319

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is defined as the intermediate stage between the cognitive changes associated with normal aging and dementia. People with MCI can benefit from the implementation of multidimensional non-pharmacological interventions. AIM: To determine the effect of a Multidimensional Intervention based on cognitive, physical, and social training (IMCFS) on the cognitive performance of a group of people with MCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre and post intervention measurements of cognitive and physical parameters were performed in 10 adults aged 76 ± 4 years with MCI, who participated in the IMCFS lasting three months. RESULTS: A significant improvement was observed in global cognitive performance, anterograde memory, visuospatial memory and in associative learning after IMCFS implementation. No significant effects of the IMCFS on attention, executive functions, language, and viso-constructive skills were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with MCI benefit from the implementation of a multidimensional intervention, such as IMCFS, which is feasible to implement and integrate into the programs offered by the Chilean healthcare network.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Atenção , Chile , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/terapia , Função Executiva , Humanos , Testes Neuropsicológicos
5.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(6): 691-700, nov.-dic. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-903823

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Examinar la publicidad de alimentos dirigida a la audiencia infantil en la televisión chilena. Material y métodos: Estudio de diseño transversal. Se registró la publicidad de alimentos emitida por cuatro canales de televisión de señal abierta, durante 12 horas diarias, en 12 días seleccionados aleatoriamente. Los avisos se clasificaron según grupos de alimentos y nivel de procesamiento. Se comparó la frecuencia de avisos de alimentos dirigidos a la audiencia infantil con los destinados a adultos. Se describió el perfil de nutrientes de los alimentos publicitados. Resultados: En 144 horas de grabación aparecieron 530 avisos de alimentos; 53.2% estaban dirigidos a la audiencia infantil. Los alimentos más publicitados entre los niños fueron lácteos azucarados (28.4%), bebidas azucaradas (25.5%) y cereales azucarados (17.7%). De dichos alimentos, 75% supera el criterio para azúcares libres. Conclusiones: En la televisión chilena se publicitan alimentos ultraprocesados que superan los límites de azúcares libres.


Abstract: Objective: To examine food advertising aimed at childhood's audience broadcast on Chilean television. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. Food advertising broadcast by 4 open signal TV channels was recorded for 12 hours daily on twelve days randomly selected. Notices were classified according to food groups and level of processing. The frequency of food advertisement aimed to childhood audience was compared with those for adults. Nutrient profile of foods advertised was described. Results: In 144 hours of recording appeared 530 food advertisement; 53.2% were aimed to childhood audience. The most advertised foods were sugary dairy (28.4%), sweetened beverages (25.5%), and sweetened cereals (17.7%). Of the foods advertised to childhood audience, 75% exceeds the criterion for free sugars. Conclusions: Chilean television advertises ultra-processed foods that exceed the limits of free sugars.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Televisão , Publicidade , Alimentos , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Psicologia da Criança , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Sacarose Alimentar , Análise de Alimentos , Valor Nutritivo
6.
Salud Publica Mex ; 59(6): 691-700, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29451639

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine food advertising aimed at childhood's audience broadcast on Chilean television. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Food advertising broadcast by 4 open signal TV channels was recorded for 12 hours daily on twelve days randomly selected. Notices were classified according to food groups and level of processing. The frequency of food advertisement aimed to childhood audience was compared with those for adults. Nutrient profile of foods advertised was described. RESULTS: In 144 hours of recording appeared 530 food advertisement; 53.2% were aimed to childhood audience. The most advertised foods were sugary dairy (28.4%), sweetened beverages (25.5%), and sweetened cereals (17.7%). Of the foods advertised to childhood audience, 75% exceeds the criterion for free sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Chilean television advertises ultra-processed foods that exceed the limits of free sugars.


OBJETIVO: Examinar la publicidad de alimentos dirigida a la audiencia infantil en la televisión chilena. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de diseño transversal. Se registró la publicidad de alimentos emitida por cuatro canales de televisión de señal abierta, durante 12 horas diarias, en 12 días seleccionados aleatoriamente. Los avisos se clasificaron según grupos de alimentos y nivel de procesamiento. Se comparó la frecuencia de avisos de alimentos dirigidos a la audiencia infantil con los destinados a adultos. Se describió el perfil de nutrientes de los alimentos publicitados. RESULTADOS: En 144 horas de grabación aparecieron 530 avisos de alimentos; 53.2% estaban dirigidos a la audiencia infantil. Los alimentos más publicitados entre los niños fueron lácteos azucarados (28.4%), bebidas azucaradas (25.5%) y cereales azucarados (17.7%). De dichos alimentos, 75% supera el criterio para azúcares libres. CONCLUSIONES: En la televisión chilena se publicitan alimentos ultraprocesados que superan los límites de azúcares libres.


Assuntos
Publicidade , Alimentos , Televisão , Criança , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Sacarose Alimentar , Análise de Alimentos , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Psicologia da Criança
7.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 61(3): 296-301, sep. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-698154

RESUMO

La obesidad es una grave epidemia a nivel mundial y las estrategias aplicadas para su prevención han dado pobres resultados. Numerosos factores ambientales se han asociado al riesgo de obesidad y es importante que todos ellos sean considerados en las políticas de prevención. Se ha demostrado que existe un nexo entre la publicidad de alimentos en televisión con la obesidad infantil. La gran cantidad de anuncios publicitarios de alimentos poco saludables dirigidos a los niños a través de la televisión y las repercusiones que esto podría tener en la salud, ha llevado a algunos países a legislar al respecto. Sin embargo, falta definir a nivel internacional un marco conceptual de referencia que permita una legislación que logre un impacto real en la prevención de la obesidad infantil. Este trabajo revisa las evidencias científicas disponibles sobre la relación entre publicidad de alimentos y obesidad infantil como base para el desarrollo de políticas públicas de regulación del mercadeo de alimentos a través de la televisión.


Obesity is a serious global epidemic and the prevention strategies implemented have been insufficient. Numerous environmental factors have been associated with risk of obesity and their full consideration in prevention policies is important. The connection between food advertising on television and childhood obesity has been demonstrated. The large number of advertisements for unhealthy foods targeted at children through television and its possible impact on health has led some countries to legislate on this matter. However, a conceptual framework of reference enabling legislation must be internationally defined in order to achieve a real impact in preventing childhood obesity. This paper reviews scientific evidence on the relationship between food advertising and childhood obesity as a basis for developing public policies to regulate food marketing on television.


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Publicidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Indústria Alimentícia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Televisão/legislação & jurisprudência , Indústria Alimentícia/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Global , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Fatores de Risco
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