[Review and update of the criteria for objective cognitive impairment and its involvement in mild cognitive impairment and dementia]. / Revisión y actualización de los criterios de deterioro cognitivo objetivo y su implicación en el deterioro cognitivo leve y la demencia.

INTRODUCTION: The increase in the incidence and prevalence of dementia has changed the research focus towards its early identification. Several constructs have been developed in order to identify individuals with a high risk of developing dementia, with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) being the term most commonly used in the last decades. However, diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment have been modified using different methods and algorithms. AIM: This paper aims to provide a review and update of diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment to identify MCI. DEVELOPMENT: ProQuest, OVID SP, ScienceDirect and PSICODOC databases were used to find literature published since 1999 focused on diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment applied to MCI. Papers written in Spanish or English were included. CONCLUSIONS: From an initial search of 1954 articles, 17 were eventually reviewed. The original diagnostic criteria required low scores in one neuropsychological task, biasing MCI towards the amnesic type. Subsequent criteria expanded the number of tests in the battery, which allowed classifying MCI into amnesic and non-amnesic type, as well as into 'single-' and 'multiple' subtypes. Since increasing number of tests affected the probability of diagnostic errors, subsequent criteria incorporated normal variability for the identification of objective cognitive impairment. This work offers a critical review of the strengths and weaknesses of different diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment, for use in both clinical and research settings on MCI and dementia.

TITLE: Revisión y actualización de los criterios de deterioro cognitivo objetivo y su implicación en el deterioro cognitivo leve y la demencia.Introducción. El aumento de la incidencia y de la prevalencia de la demencia ha aumentado el foco de la investigación hacia la identificación temprana. Se han desarrollado diversos constructos para identificar a personas con un riesgo elevado de desarrollar demencia, de los cuales el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) es el más utilizado en los últimos años. Sin embargo, los criterios diagnósticos de deterioro cognitivo objetivo han sido modificados a través de distintos métodos y algoritmos. Objetivo. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una revisión y una actualización de los criterios diagnósticos de deterioro cognitivo objetivo para su uso en el DCL y la demencia. Desarrollo. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de literatura científica publicada desde 1999 acerca de criterios diagnósticos de deterioro cognitivo objetivo aplicado al DCL, tanto en español como en inglés. Conclusiones. De una búsqueda inicial de 1.954 artículos, se revisaron 17. Los criterios diagnósticos iniciales contemplaban puntuaciones bajas en una única tarea neuropsicológica, sesgando el DCL hacia el tipo amnésico. Criterios posteriores ampliaron el número de pruebas y permitieron subdividir el DCL en tipo amnésico y no amnésico, así como en 'dominio único' y 'múltiple dominio'. Sin embargo, el aumento en el número de pruebas aumentó el número de errores diagnósticos. Criterios posteriores incorporaron la variabilidad normal en el rendimiento en tareas neuropsicológicas para la identificación del deterioro cognitivo objetivo. Este trabajo ofrece una revisión crítica de los beneficios y las limitaciones de los diferentes criterios diagnósticos del deterioro cognitivo objetivo para el uso en clínica e investigación sobre el DCL y la demencia.

Revisión y actualización de los criterios de deterioro cognitivo objetivo y su implicación en el deterioro cognitivo leve y la demencia / Review and update of the criteria for objective cognitive impairment and its involvement in mild cognitive impairment and dementia

Introducción: El aumento de la incidencia y de la prevalencia de la demencia ha aumentado el foco de la investigación hacia la identificación temprana. Se han desarrollado diversos constructos para identificar a personas con un riesgo elevado de desarrollar demencia, de los cuales el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) es el más utilizado en los últimos años. Sin embargo, los criterios diagnósticos de deterioro cognitivo objetivo han sido modificados a través de distintos métodos y algoritmos. Objetivo: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una revisión y una actualización de los criterios diagnósticos de deterioro cognitivo objetivo para su uso en el DCL y la demencia. Desarrollo: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de literatura científica publicada desde 1999 acerca de criterios diagnósticos de deterioro cognitivo objetivo aplicado al DCL, tanto en español como en inglés. Conclusiones: De una búsqueda inicial de 1.954 artículos, se revisaron 17. Los criterios diagnósticos iniciales contemplaban puntuaciones bajas en una única tarea neuropsicológica, sesgando el DCL hacia el tipo amnésico. Criterios posteriores ampliaron el número de pruebas y permitieron subdividir el DCL en tipo amnésico y no amnésico, así como en 'dominio único' y 'múltiple dominio'. Sin embargo, el aumento en el número de pruebas aumentó el número de errores diagnósticos. Criterios posteriores incorporaron la variabilidad normal en el rendimiento en tareas neuropsicológicas para la identificación del deterioro cognitivo objetivo. Este trabajo ofrece una revisión crítica de los beneficios y las limitaciones de los diferentes criterios diagnósticos del deterioro cognitivo objetivo para el uso en clínica e investigación sobre el DCL y la demencia.(AU)

Introduction: The increase in the incidence and prevalence of dementia has changed the research focus towards its early identification. Several constructs have been developed in order to identify individuals with a high risk of developing dementia, with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) being the term most commonly used in the last decades. However, diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment have been modified using different methods and algorithms. Aim: This paper aims to provide a review and update of diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment to identify MCI. Development: ProQuest, OVID SP, ScienceDirect and PSICODOC databases were used to find literature published since 1999 focused on diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment applied to MCI. Papers written in Spanish or English were included. Conclusions: From an initial search of 1954 articles, 17 were eventually reviewed. The original diagnostic criteria required low scores in one neuropsychological task, biasing MCI towards the amnesic type. Subsequent criteria expanded the number of tests in the battery, which allowed classifying MCI into amnesic and non-amnesic type, as well as into ‘single-’ and ‘multiple’ subtypes. Since increasing number of tests affected the probability of diagnostic errors, subsequent criteria incorporated normal variability for the identification of objective cognitive impairment. This work offers a critical review of the strengths and weaknesses of different diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment, for use in both clinical and research settings on MCI and dementia.(AU)

Seudoaneurisma ilíaco infeccioso por Salmonella / Salmonella-infected iliac pseudoaneurysm

No disponible

Pseudoaneurisma de arteria cubital después de cirugía de túnel del carpo / Cubital artery pseudoaneurysm after carpal tunnel surgery

No disponible

Collagen I confers gamma radiation resistance.

The effect of collagen on the response of somatomammotroph tumor cells (GH3) to gamma, radiation therapy was studied in vitro. After incubating confluent GH3 cell monolayers in a serum-free, maintaining medium, either with or without collagen, the monolayers were irradiated with 137Cs, gamma radiation. Collagen reduces cell mortality via ERK1/2 activation, abolishing gamma radiation, cell death, and promotes cell invasion when acting in synergy with collagen and in association with the, MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation. The presence of collagen in somatomammotroph tumors, confers resistance to radiation.

Treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or stenting: study in 63 patients in a single institution.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was a retrospective evaluation of technical procedures, clinical success, and follow-up of renal transplant patients with stenosis in the transplant renal artery (TRAS) after endovascular treatment. METHODS: From January 1981 to September 2009, 2,150 allograft renal transplants included 62 patients who underwent endovascular procedures for TRAS >75%. Parameters included technical success, arterial blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs, and creatinine level before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)/stent placement success was 90.3%. Seventy-nine PTAs with 11 stents were primary interventions with 6 PTAs and 4 stent procedures subsequently performed due to restenosis (mean time to event, 1.5 months). The median follow-up was 39 months (range, 1-236). The mean preprocedure creatinine level was 2.8 ± 1.7 mg/dL, and the 1-month postprocedure value was decreased to 2.1 ± 1.2 mg/dL (P < .001). Systolic arterial blood pressure fell from 147.2 ± 18.7 mm Hg to 131.6 ± 14.2 mm Hg (P < .001) and diastolic blood pressure from 84.4 ± 9.8 mm Hg to 76 ± 9.4 mm Hg (P < .001). Postprocedure number of antihypertensive drugs was reduced from 2.3 ± 1.1 to 1.6 ± 1 (P < .0001). The patency rates were: 95 ± 2.8% at 1 month, 87.9 ± 4.3% at 3 months, and 85 ± 4.7% at 12 months. Secondary patency was 100% with no restenosis on follow-up. Allograft survival after primary and secondary PTA/stenting was 97% at 1, 93% at 3.89% at 5, and 85% at 10 years. The complication included 2 renal artery thromboses, a dissection treated with stents, and a late arterial graft pseudoaneurysm. CONCLUSIONS: TRAS, a problem after kidney transplantation, is detected to be a significant stenosis through the use of Doppler ultrasound. Revascularization is recommended to improve hypertension and graft function. PTA should be primarily planned with stenting for patients with a restenosis or after a lack of response to PTA.

Ag nanoparticle effects on the thermoluminescent properties of monoclinic ZrO(2) exposed to ultraviolet and gamma radiation.

The goal of this work was to analyse ZrO(2) in the pure state and when doped with Ag nanoparticles, by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and thermoluminescence methods. According to the results obtained, Ag nanoparticles did not modify the morphology or the crystalline structure of the ZrO(2). The thermoluminescent (TL) response of pure ZrO(2) showed two peaks, one at 334 K and the other at 417 K, when it was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and at 342 and 397 K when gamma radiation was used. For ZrO(2) impregnated with Ag nanoparticles a diminished TL intensity due to nanoparticle shielding was observed, but the glow curve shape was similar. However, when Ag nanoparticles were added during the ZrO(2) synthesis, a shift of the TL peaks towards higher temperature values with reference to pure ZrO(2) was observed. A linear dependence of the integrated TL signal as a function of the irradiation dose was observed in all analysed samples. It was possible to determine some kinetic parameters, such as activation energy, kinetic order and frequency factor, using the sequential quadratic programming glow curve deconvolution; it was found that these values are highly dependent on the type of radiation used. Ag nanoparticles present in ZrO(2) also modified the kinetic parameters, mainly when they were added during the synthesis of ZrO(2). Our results reinforce the possibilities of using pure and doped ZrO(2) as an appropriate dosimetric material in radiation physics.

CA 19.9 y fibrosis pulmonar / CA 19.9 and pulmonary fibrosis

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Intercomparison of absorbed dose to water measurements for 60Co gamma rays using Fricke, alanine and radiochromic dye film dosimetry.

Measurements of absorbed dose at 5 cm depth in a 30 x 30 x 30 cm3 water phantom have been performed using three independent dosimetric techniques: Fricke, alanine and radiochromic dye film (GafChromic HD-810). The measurements were carried out in the secondary standard dosimetry laboratory at ININ Mexico using a collimated 60Co gamma source with a radiation field of 10 x 10 cm2 at the phantom front surface. The source to phantom distance was set at 100 cm. The reference absorbed dose at 5 cm depth in the water phantom was obtained using a 0.6 cm3 ionisation chamber. The absorbed dose to water for the test dosimetry techniques was around 100 Gy. The deviations of the dose obtained from these dosimetry techniques were within 4%. The reasons for these deviations are discussed.

[Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in patients with HIV in Yucatan]. / Anticuerpos contra Toxoplasma gondii en pacientes con VIH en Yucatán.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of antibodies type IgG to T. gondii in patients with HIV infection type 1 in the Yucatan peninsula. METHODS: 95 patients with HIV and 100 blood donors as controls were studied. The search for IgG antibodies to T. gondii was done with a third generation solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Clinical and demographic data were obtained. RESULTS: The prevalence of antibodies was higher (p = 0.003) in controls (69%, CI95 = 59-78%) than in patients (47%, CI = 36-57%). No relation was found between seroreactivity and the variables evaluated (gender, urban or rural home, age) nor with CD4 T-cell counts and clinical categories. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in both groups suggests that the zoonosis is endemic in the Yucatan peninsula. This justifies the routine determination of antibodies and the use of therapeutic protocols for preventing encephalitis by toxoplasma in HIV patients as a high percentage of them would be at risk of developing it.

[Natural history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in adolescents,adults, and children: the Mexican experience]. / Historia natural de la hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna en adolescentes, adultos y en la edad pediátrica: la experiencia mexicana.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical patterns and survival of young and adult (AP) versus paediatric (PP) patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical records of 117 patients (82% AP, 18% PP) seen in four cities of the Mexican Republic were analysed, the clinical course and survival of both groups being compared. RESULTS: No sex difference was found in the two patient-groups: 51% and 52% males, 49% and 48% females in AP and PP, respectively. The onset of PNH had similar distribution for the two groups of patients: aplastic form, 45% in AP and 62% in PP; cytopenias, 24% in AP versus 27% in PP; haemolysis, 28% in AP and 9% in PP, and thrombosis, 3% in AP versus 0% in PP. The clinical features with significant difference were: anaemic+haemorrhagic syndrome (39 AP (40%) vs 14 PP (67%), p = 0.02), initial diagnosis of immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura (7 AP (7%) vs 7 PP (33%), p = 0.003), and death rate (17 AP (18%) vs 8 PP (38%), p = 0.04). The actuarial survival curves showed significant differences between both groups (p = 0.045, Cox-Mantel), with estimated 10-year survival of 81% for AP and 55% for PP, and 15-year survivals of 64% for AP and 55% for PP. CONCLUSIONS: Seemingly, PNH in paediatric age has poorer prognosis than in adults, which is associated to higher incidence of fatal haemorrhages due to thrombocytopenia.

[Infection with HTLV virus type I-II in patients with cervico-uterine cancer in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico]. / Infección por virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo I/II en pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino de la península de Yucatán, México.

Southwestern Japan is an endemic zone with high prevalence of HTLV-I infection. In addition, a relation between cancer of the cervix and this retrovirus has been described. A recent study has demonstrated a low prevalence of HTLV-I/II infection in Yucatan, Mexico. However, cancer of the cervix is the most frequent oncological disease in this region. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between cancer of the cervix and the HTLV-I/II infection. Sera from 123 patients with cancer of the cervix and 662 healthy women were screened for antibodies against HTLV-I/II by ELISA and agglutination test (PA). Results were confirmed by Western blot (WB). In the confirmed cases the differentiation between HTLV-I and HTLV-II was made by synthetic peptides. Only one woman (0.8%) had positive results in the patients group and two women (0.3%) had reactivity in the control group. In all these cases the antibodies were positive for HTLV-II. The prevalence in the group of patients with cancer of the cervix was similar to that of the control group. We therefore concluded that in Yucatan, Mexico there is no relation between HTLV-I/II infection and cancer of the cervix.

Low prevalence of HTLV-II in Mayan Indians in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.

Infection with HTLV-II is endemic in Amerindians, with prevalence ranging from 0.89% - 33%. To determine the prevalence of HTLV-II among indigenous Mayans in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, 440 indigenous Mayans were recruited, all native to and residents of one of six Mayan communities in the Yucatan Peninsula, (Xohuayan n=144, Yaxachen n=101, Kanxoc n=84, Xocen n=40, Nabalan n=46 and X'calot n=25) between May, 1992 and June, 1993. All of the above are pre-Hispanic settlements located in tropical forest with no immigrations for over 50 years. Of the 440 indigenous Mayans, only one woman from the X'calot tribe (0.23%) was shown to be infected with HTLV-II. A high percentage of indeterminate results was found (22/439, 5%), three of which were accounted for by the husband and two children of the positive female case. PCR analysis followed by specific restriction digestion demonstrated the virus to be of the HTLV-IIb subtype, similar to that described in the Guaymi Indians from Panama. The presence of HTLV-II in the Mayan ethnos, and in other Amerindian populations supports the idea that HTLV-II is an ancestral virus in America and that it has been sustained in "closed" communities.

PIP: Although not consistently associated with any specific disease, infection with HTLV-II is nonetheless endemic among Amerindians, with a prevalence of 0.89-33%. Findings are presented from a study conducted to determine the prevalence of HTLV-II among indigenous Mayans in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. 440 indigenous Mayans were recruited, all native to and residents of 1 of 6 Mayan communities in the Yucatan Peninsula between May 1992 and June 1993. All participants were drawn from pre-Hispanic settlements located in tropical forest without immigration for more than 50 years. Of the 440 subjects, only 1 woman from the X'calot tribe (0.23%) was found to be infected with HTLV-II. However, 22 of the remaining 439 (5%) results were indeterminate, of which 3 were accounted for by the husband and 2 children of the positive female case. Polymerase chain reaction analysis determined the virus to be of HTLV-IIb subtype, similar to that described among the Guaymi Indians of Panama. These findings support the argument that HTLV-II is an ancestral virus in America and that it has been sustained in closed communities.

[Lymphotropic viruses type I and II in pregnant women in Yucatán]. / Virus linfotrópicos tipos I y II en mujeres gestantes de Yucatán.

No antibodies against HTLV-I and HTLV-II were detected in 590 gestating women residing in the Yucatan peninsula sampled between Jan/92 and May/93.