How to complement traditional instruments to measure the economic dimension of food security in older people? An application for regions of Argentina.

Introduction: One of the dimensions of food security has to do with economic access to food. Aim: Propose a methodology that allows evaluating economic access to food in Argentina for the elderly population. Methods: Dietary guides for the Argentine population are used. Meanwhile, the food consumption patterns observed in the elderly population in Argentina are considered from a household expenditure survey, from which implicit food prices can also be obtained. Results: Six dietary plans corresponding to different regions of the country are designed and evaluated and it is found that they would be affordable only in two of the six regions analyzed. Conclusion: in the Metropolitan, Pampas, Cuyo, and Northeast regions the cost of the ideal basket is higher than food spending, fundamentally in the Northeast region where food spending should increase by 25%.

Barreras al acceso según las etapas del proceso de atención de la salud de los adultos mayores / Barriers to access according to the stages of the health care process for the elderly

Objetivo: Identificar las barreras en el acceso a la atención de la salud de los adultos mayores y asociarlas a cada una de las etapas del proceso de acceso a los bienes y servicios de salud. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura entre los años 2005 y 2017 en español, inglés y portugués en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, SciELO y Redalyc. Resultados: Se identificaron barreras económicas, fisicogeográficas, socioculturales y administrativas organizacionales con diferente intensidad, según la etapa del proceso de atención del que se trate. Conclusiones: Esta investigación puede ser de utilidad para el diseño de instrumentos que sirvan como herramienta de gestión para quienes se propongan mejorar la equidad en el acceso a los servicios de salud de la población envejecida (AU)

Objective: To identify the barriers in access to health care for the elderly and associate them with each of the stages of the process of access to health goods and services. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature was carried out between 2005 and 2017 in Spanish, English and Portuguese in the PubMed, LILACS, SciELO and Redalyc databases. Results: Economic, physical geographical, socio-cultural and administrative-organizational barriers were identified with different intensity according to the stage of the care process in question. Conclusions: This research may be useful for the design of instruments that serve as a management tool for those who intend to improve equity in access to health services for the aging population (AU)

Reporte de caso: Invaginación intestinal mayor complicación en el Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers en el paciente pediátrico

El Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers (SPJ) es una patología autosómica dominante con herencia variable que se caracteriza por lesiones hiperpigmentadas en labios, mucosa oral, plantas y palmas asociado a pólipos hamartomatosos a lo largo de todo el tracto gastrointestinal. Una de la sintomatología más común en el SPJ es la invaginación intestinal. A continuación, presentaremos el caso de una menor con datos de invaginación intestinal y a quien se le diagnóstica SPJ. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant pathology with variable inheritance that is characterized by hyperpigmented lesions on the lips, oral mucosa, soles, and palms associated with hamartomatous polyps throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. One of the most common symptoms in PJS is intestinal intussusception. Next, we will present the case of a minor with data of intestinal intussusception and who was diagnosed with PJS. (provided by Infomedic International)

Prevalencia y factores asociados con los resultados espirométricos en trabajadores expuestos a sustancias químicas

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con los patrones espirométricos de trabajadores expuestos a sustancias químicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, diseño no experimental, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en una muestra censal de 515 trabajadores expuestos a sustancias químicas laborales. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante pruebas espirométricas con equipos Spirolab III, previamente calibrado y siguiendo el protocolo convencional. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS.25 utilizando medidas de tendencia central, de dispersión e índice de correlación de Pearson para muestras paramétricas. Se respetaron los principios éticos para la investigación en humanos. Resultados: La prevalencia de alteraciones crónicas compatible con patrón obstructivo fue de 7,60 % y restrictivo de 1,00 %. Los factores con asociación positiva fueron la edad, el sexo, la exposición a sustancias químicas y el hábito de fumar. Conclusiones: Se encontró menor prevalencia que la descrita en otros estudios, además se identificó asociación con factores sociodemográficos, hábitos y laborales.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and the factors associated with the spirometric patterns of workers exposed to chemical substances. Materials and methods: Descriptive correlational study, non-experimental design, with a quantitative approach, carried out in a census sample of 515 workers exposed to occupational chemicals. The collection of the sample was carried out using spirometric tests with Spirolab III equipment, previously calibrated and following the conventional protocol. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS.25 using measures of central tendency, dispersion and Pearson's correlation index, for parametric samples. The ethical principles for research in humans were respected. Results: The prevalence of chronic alterations compatible with an obstructive pattern was 7.60 % and restrictive 1.00 %. Factors with a positive association were age, sex, exposure to chemicals, and smoking. Conclusions: A lower prevalence was found than that described in other studies, and an association with sociodemographic, habit and work factors was also identified.

Enfermedades que limitan el ingreso al trabajo en población económicamente activa

Introducción: Actualmente la relación hombre-trabajo se encuentra limitada por condiciones de salud, que pueden agravarse frente a la exposición a factores de riesgo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en 1570 consultantes a ingreso laboral, durante el período de octubre de 2019 a marzo de 2020 a nivel local; con una muestra probabilística de 1073, nivel de confianza de 98,00 % y margen de error del 2,00 %. Criterios de inclusión: solicitantes de consulta pre-empleo, mayores de edad, de ambos sexos que aceptaron participar en el estudio; excluidos menores de edad, autorizados por el Ministerio de Trabajo. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante evaluación médico-ocupacional y exámenes complementarios, utilizando equipos biomédicos calibrados y formatos validados por la Institución. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, aplicando media, moda, desviación estándar, tablas y figuras. Se respetaron los principios éticos para la investigación en humanos. Resultados: Edad promedio 32 años, edad mínima de 18 y máxima de 66 años, desviación estándar de 9,2. De los participantes, 51,57 % presentó antecedentes personales patológicos; 47,15 % índice de masa corporal normal, seguido de sobrepeso 11.00 % e hipertensión arterial 1,95 %. La prevalencia de restricciones y aplazamientos laborales fue de 12,86 %, generadas principalmente por enfermedades cardiovasculares, visuales, osteomusculares y digestivas. Conclusiones: Las restricciones y aplazamientos para el ingreso al trabajo guardan correspondencia con las enfermedades que se describen en las estadísticas vitales presentadas en el país y en el departamento de Sucre.

Introduction: Currently the man-work relationship is limited by health conditions, which can be aggravated by exposure to risk factors. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, non-experimental design with a quantitative approach, carried out in 1570 consultants at work admission, carried out between October 2019 to March 2020; Probabilistic sample of 1073 people, confidence level of 98.00% and margin of error of 2.00 %. Inclusion criteria: applicants for pre-employment consultation, of legal age, both sexes and who consented to participate in the research; minors are excluded, authorized by the Ministry of Labor. The information was collected through occupational medical evaluations and complementary examinations with formats validated by the Institution and calibrated biomedical equipment. The information analysis was carried out with descriptive statistics, using mean, mode, standard deviation, tables, and figures. The ethical principles for research in humans were respected. Results: Average age 32 years, minimum age of 18 and maximum of 66 years, standard deviation of 9.2. 51.57 % of the participants had a personal pathological history, 47.15 % had a normal body mass index, followed by overweight; 11.00% presented arterial hypertension. The prevalence of work restrictions and postponements was 12.86 %, mainly caused by cardiovascular, visual, musculoskeletal, and digestive diseases. Conclusions: The restrictions and postponements for entering work correspond to the diseases described in the vital statistics presented in the country and in the Department of Sucre.

[Engel's coefficient and dietary quality in Argentine households inhabited by older adults (2004-2018)]. / Coeficiente de Engel y calidad dietaria en hogares argentinos habitados por adultos mayores (2004-2018).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine if there were alterations in the proportion of spending that Argentine households of older adults spend on the purchase of food (Engel's coefficient) and other goods and services, as well as to evaluate the dietary quality of the members of these households. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the last three waves of the National Household Expenditure Survey (2004-2005, 2012-2013 and 2017-2018) those households in the province of Buenos Aires inhabited by older adults are filtered and carried out. Median difference tests for the proportion of spending these households spend on food and other goods and services. In turn, the per capita quantities acquired from 17 food groups are compared with the quantities recommended in the dietary guidelines for the Argentine population. RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction is found in the median of the proportion of spending that older adults in the province of Buenos Aires spend on the purchase of food, in combination with a statistically significant increase in the proportion of spending directed to equipment and operation home, education and various services. However, the amounts purchased of milk and yogurt and vegetables A and B are insufficient in relation to those recommended, while the consumption of meat is excessive. CONCLUSIONS: Although economic theory would interpret a reduction in the Engel coefficient as an indication of improved well-being, it should be taken into account that these households might not be following an optimal diet if they consumed the amounts of food that they claim to buy.

Evaluación médico ocupacional como práctica en la identificación de la hipertensión arterial silenciosa / Medical-Occupational Evaluation as a Practice for the Identification of Silent Arterial Hypertension

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial representa un problema de salud que, si no se identifica a tiempo, puede conducir a enfermedades cardiovasculares graves. Objetivo: Describir la evaluación médico ocupacional como práctica en la identificación de la hipertensión arterial silenciosa. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, retro-prospectivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, realizado en una población de 1245 trabajadores que solicitaron los servicios de evaluación médico ocupacional, en una Institución prestadora de Servicios de Salud. La información se obtuvo de las evaluaciones clínicas, realizadas durante el primer trimestre de 2020 y registros condensados en el software de evaluaciones médico ocupacionales del último trimestre de 2019. La medición de la tensión arterial siguió los parámetros establecidos por la guía de la Sociedad Europea de Hipertensión y Cardiología. El índice de masa corporal siguió las orientaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El análisis de la información fue hecho en hoja de cálculo Excel y el software PAST, mediante estadísticos descriptivos. Resultados: Durante las evaluaciones médico ocupacionales se identificó 22,26 por ciento de trabajadores con cifras tensionales altas, distribuidas de la siguiente manera: 13,97 por ciento normales altas; 5,22 por ciento hipertensión sistólica aislada, 1,28 por ciento hipertensión grado I, 1,44 por ciento hipertensión grado II y 0,32 por ciento hipertensión grado III; 97,9 por ciento manifestó no percibir sintomatología relacionada con hipertensión. Conclusiones: La evaluación médico ocupacional es una práctica apropiada para la identificación de la hipertensión arterial silenciosa, hallazgos que contribuyen favorablemente al fortalecimiento de intervenciones tempranas conducentes a la prevención de complicaciones cardiovasculares, a corto, mediano o largo plazo(AU)

Introduction: Arterial hypertension represents a health concern that, if not identified on time, can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To describe medical-occupational evaluation as a practice in the identification of silent arterial hypertension. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and retroprospective study with a quantitative approach and nonexperimental design carried out in a population of 1245 workers who requested medical-occupational evaluation services from a healthcare institution. The information was obtained from the clinical evaluations carried out during the first trimester of 2020 and the condensed records of the medical-occupational evaluation software in the last trimester of 2019. Blood pressure measurement followed the parameters established in the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension. Body mass index followed the guidelines of the World Health Organization. The information analysis was presented in an Excel spreadsheet and the PAST software, using descriptive statistics. Results: During the medical-occupational evaluations, 22.26 percent of the workers with high blood pressure figures were identified: 13.97 percent was normal high, 5.22 percent had isolated systolic hypertension, 1.28 percent had grade I hypertension, 1.44 percent had grade II hypertension, and 0.32 percent had grade III hypertension; while 97.9 percent stated that they did not perceive symptoms related to hypertension. Conclusions: Medical-occupational evaluation is an appropriate practice for the identification of silent arterial hypertension, findings that contribute favorably to strengthening early interventions leading to the prevention of cardiovascular complications, in the short, medium or long terms(AU)

Descomposición de la inequidad en la distribución de dependencias funcionales entre adultos mayores de Argentina / Decomposition of Inequity in the Distribution of Functional Dependences in Older Adults from Argentina

Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional trae aparejado un incremento de individuos en situación de dependencia funcional, que se entiende como la necesidad de asistencia para realizar las actividades de la vida diaria. Objetivo: Evaluar si existe inequidad en la distribución de la dependencia funcional entre adultos mayores de Argentina y cuáles son los factores que mayormente la explican. Métodos: Con datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Calidad de Vida de los Adultos Mayores para el año 2012 se llevaron a cabo los siguientes pasos: i) cómputo del índice de concentración corregido para variables asociadas a la dependencia funcional y explicativas de la inequidad en su distribución mediante la transformación de Erreygers y ii) descomposición de la inequidad en la distribución de dependencias básicas y ampliadas, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Wagstaff. Resultados: La distribución de todas las dependencias funcionales (tanto básicas como ampliadas) es propobre. El ingreso per cápita, el hecho de presentar algún tipo de deficiencia visual o auditiva y vivir en hogares unipersonales son las variables explicativas que más contribuyen a incrementar la inequidad en la distribución de las dependencias funcionales básicas o ampliadas. Conclusiones: Los resultados que se desprenden de este estudio constituyen un insumo importante a la hora de procurar programas de asistencia a los adultos mayores que permitan evitar consecuencias negativas a futuro sobre su salud (y disminuir los gastos del sistema de salud en su conjunto). Estas acciones deben estar enfocadas específicamente en los adultos mayores de bajo nivel socioeconómico y que viven solos(AU)

Introduction: Population aging brings about an increase in the number of individuals in situations of functional dependence, which is understood as the need for assistance to carry out daily life activities. Objective: To assess whether there is inequity in the distribution of functional dependence among older adults in Argentina and what are the fundamental causative factors. Methods: With data from the 2012 National Survey on Quality of Life of Older Adults, the following steps were carried out: i) calculation of corrected concentration index for variables associated with functional dependence and explanatory of distributed inequity, using Erreygers transformation and ii) decomposition of inequality in the distribution of basic and extended dependences, following the methodology proposed by Wagstaff. Results: The distribution of all functional dependencies (both basic and extended) is poor. Per capita income, the fact of having any type of visual or hearing impairment, and living in one-person households are the explanatory variables that most contribute to increasing inequality regarding the distribution of basic or extended functional dependencies. Conclusions: The results derived from this study are an important input when it comes to ensuring assistance programs for older adults that make it possible to avoid negative consequences on their health in the future; as well as reduce expenses to the health system as a whole). These actions should be focused specifically on older adults of low socioeconomic status and who live alone(AU)

Translating the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) into Argentinian Spanish for paediatric patients receiving cancer treatments, and evaluating understandability and cultural relevance in a multiple-phase descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: To translate a symptom screening tool developed for paediatric patients receiving cancer therapies called Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) into Argentinian Spanish and to evaluate the understandability and cultural relevance of the translated version of SSPedi among children with cancer and paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. METHODS: We conducted a multiphase, descriptive study to translate SSPedi into Argentinian Spanish. Using two translators, forward and backward translations were performed. The translated version was evaluated by Spanish-speaking paediatric patients 8-18 years of age receiving cancer treatments in two centres in Argentina and El Salvador. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was patient self-reported difficulty with understanding of the SSPedi instructions and each symptom using a 5-point Likert scale. Secondary outcomes were incorrect understanding of the SSPedi instructions, symptoms and response scale determined by cognitive interviews with the patients and rated using a 4-point Likert scale. Cultural relevance was assessed qualitatively. RESULTS: There were 30 children enrolled and included in cognitive interviews; 16 lived in Argentina and 14 lived in El Salvador. The most common types of Spanish spoken were Central American (17, 57%) followed by South American (10, 33%) and Castilian (3, 10%). No changes to Argentinian Spanish SSPedi were required based on the outcomes or qualitative comments. No issues with cultural relevance were identified by any of the respondents. CONCLUSIONS: We translated and finalised Argentinian Spanish SSPedi. Future research will focus on its use to describe bothersome symptoms by Argentinian Spanish-speaking children.

Translating the Symptom Screening in Paediatrics Tool (SSPedi) into North American Spanish and Among Spanish-speaking children receiving cancer treatments: evaluating understandability and cultural relevance in a multiple-phase descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: Symptom screening is important to achieving symptom control. Symptom Screening in Paediatrics Tool (SSPedi) is validated for English-speaking children. Objectives were to translate SSPedi into Spanish, and to evaluate the understandability and cultural relevance of the translated version among Spanish-speaking children with cancer and paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. METHODS: We conducted a multiphase, descriptive study to translate SSPedi into Spanish. The first step was to determine whether one Spanish version would be appropriate for both North America and Argentina. Once this decision was made, forward and backward translations were performed. The translated version was evaluated by Spanish-speaking children 8-18 years of age receiving cancer treatments. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was child self-reported difficulty with understanding of the entire instrument and each symptom using a 5-point Likert scale. Secondary outcomes were incorrect understanding of SSPedi items identified by cognitive interviews with the children using a 4-point Likert scale and cultural relevance, which was assessed qualitatively. RESULTS: This report focuses on North American Spanish as a separate version will be required for Argentinian Spanish SSPedi based on different common vocabulary and grammatical structure. There were 20 children from Toronto and San Antonio included in cognitive interviews. The most common types of Spanish spoken were Mexican (13, 65%), Central American (2, 10%) and South American (2, 10%). No child reported that it was hard or very hard to complete Spanish SSPedi. Changes to the instrument itself were not required based on understanding or cultural relevance. CONCLUSIONS: We translated and finalised Spanish SSPedi appropriate for use in North America. Future research will translate and evaluate SSPedi for use in Argentina and other Spanish-speaking countries.

Estudios dosimétricos de la calificación operacional y del comportamiento funcional de la instalación de irradiación semindustrial para la esterilización de un producto de uso médico / Dosimetric studies of the operational qualification and functional behavior of the semi-industrial irradiation facility for the sterilization of a product for medical use

Resumen En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos durante los estudios dosimétricos de las etapas de calificación operacional y del comportamiento funcional de la instalación de irradiación semindustrial de Cuba después de su remodelación y recarga, así como el proceso de radioesterilización de un producto de uso médico.

Abstract The present work shows the results obtained during the dosimetric studies of the operational qualification stages and the functional behavior of the semi-industrial irradiation facility in Cuba after its remodeling and recharging, as well as the radio-sterilization process of a product for medical use.

Patrones alimentarios de adultos mayores en una región argentina y su relación con factores socioeconómicos / Dietary patterns of older adults in an Argentine region and their relationship with socioeconomic factors

RESUMEN Objetivos Estudiar los patrones de consumo de alimentos en adultos mayores de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y relacionarlos con factores socioeconómicos. Métodos A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Gasto de los Hogares (2012-2013) se efectúa un análisis de componentes principales para encontrar y describir patrones alimentarios adoptados por hogares de la provincia de Buenos Aires habitados por adultos mayores. Mediante pruebas de diferencia de media y proporciones, se establecen relaciones entre el puntaje de los hogares en cada patrón alimentario, el ingreso promedio y la condición de vivir solo o sola. Resultados En función de las cargas factoriales asociadas a cada grupo alimentario, los patrones que, en conjunto, explican el 44,6% de la varianza total son: i) dieta variada tradicional, ii) dieta antiproteica, iii) dieta vegetariana y iv) dieta de hidratos de carbono. Se encuentra que el nivel de ingreso y la condición de vivir solo(a) son factores que podrían estar asociados a la adopción (o no) de la dieta variada tradicional, patrón alimentario recomendado por las guías alimentarias para la población argentina. Discusión La menor frecuencia de hogares habitados por adultos mayores solos y el menor nivel de ingreso promedio de los hogares que presentan un elevado puntaje en la dieta variada tradicional, podría ser utilizada por las autoridades sanitarias a la hora de tomar medidas tendientes a mejorar los patrones alimentarios de los adultos mayores que viven solos y cobran la pensión mínima.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objectives To study the patterns of food consumption in older adults in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and relate them to socioeconomic factors. Methods Based on the National Household Expenditure Survey (2012-2013), an analysis of main components is carried out to find and describe dietary patterns adopted by households in the province of Buenos Aires habited by older adults. Through tests of mean difference and proportions, relationships between household scores in each food pattern, average income and living alone or alone are established. Results Depending on the factor loads associated with each food group, the patterns that together explain 44.6% of the total variance are: i) traditional varied diet, ii) anti-protein diet, iii) vegetarian diet and iv) carbohydrate diet. It is found that the level of income and the condition of living alone are factors that could be associated with the adoption (or not) of the traditional varied diet, food pattern recommended by the dietary guidelines for the Argentine population. Discussion The lower frequency of households habited by older adults alone and the lower average income level of households that have a high score in the traditional varied diet, could be used by health authorities when taking measures to improve the eating patterns of older adults who live alone and receive the minimum pension.(AU)

Prevalence and risks associated with nondiagnosed arterial hypertension: comparative results in two Colombian cities / Prevalencia y riesgos asociados con la hipertensión arterial no diagnosticada: resultados comparativos en dos ciudades colombianas

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension in two Colombian cities. Methods: Multicentered, descriptive correlational study, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, in a population of2000 inhabitants of Santa Marta and 1000 of Bucaramanga; Blood pressure measurement was performed by using the mercury sphygmomanometer following the technique and procedures recommended by the World Health Organization. Measurements of weight and height were obtained according to the application of worldwide accepted protocols and the identification of the risk factors through an instrument previously validated by experts; bioethical criteria were respected for studies with humans. The statistical analysis was performed by using the PAST software version 3.14. Results: The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in Santa Marta was 6.5% and in Bucaramanga 3.4%; the factors associated in the population of Santa Marta were: family history (0.33), tobacco consumption ((0.97), alcohol use (0.20) and physical exercise (0.12) and in Bucaramanga, family history (0.95), tobacco consumption (0.73), alcohol (0.88) and absence of physical exercise (0.78), the reasons for not timely diagnosis, in both populations, were due to the absence of hypertensive signs and symptoms and periodic control of the state of health. Conclusions: the prevalence of undiagnosed arterial hypertension was higher in Santa Marta than in Bucaramanga, while the behavior of the risk factors was similar.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la hipertensión no diagnosticada, en dos ciudades colombianas. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo correlacional, con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, en una población de 3000 habitantes; la medición de la tensión arterial se realizó mediante el uso del esfigmomanómetro de mercurio siguiendo la técnica y procedimientos recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, las mediciones de peso, talla y perímetro de cintura se obtuvieron conforme la aplicación de protocolos aceptados mundialmente y la identificación de los factores de riesgos se hizo mediante un instrumento previamente validado por expertos; se respetaron los criterios bioéticos para estudios con humanos. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software PAST versión 3,14. Resultados: la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial no diagnosticada en Santa Marta fue de 6,5% y en Bucaramanga de 3,4 %; los factores asociados en la población de Santa Marta fueron: antecedentes familiares (0,33), consumo de tabaco ((0,97), uso de alcohol (0,20) y práctica de ejercicio físico (0,12) y en Bucaramanga: antecedentes familiares (0,95), consumo de tabaco (0,73), de alcohol (0,88) y ausencia de ejercicio 2 físico (0,78); los motivos del diagnóstico no oportuno, en ambas poblaciones, se debió a la ausencia de signos y síntomas hipertensivos y de control periódico del estado de salud. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial no diagnosticada fue menor en Bu-caramanga que en Santa Marta, mientras que el comportamiento de los factores de riesgos fue similar.

Predominio del "cerebro triádico" de acuerdo a niveles de desempeño estratégico de un grupo de trabajadores colombianos / Predominance of "triadic brain" according to levels of strategic performance of Colombian workers group

RESUMEN Introducción: Las organizaciones poseen herramientas válidas que ayudan al reconocimiento de los neurotalentos, proporcionando elementos de selección de personal y desarrollo estratégico. Objetivo: Evaluar el predominio cerebral de un grupo de trabajadores de acuerdo a su nivel de desempeño estratégico, basado en la teoría del "cerebro tríadico". Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-evaluativo, multicéntrico, enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental realizado en una muestra de 68 trabajadores, de las ciudades de Sincelejo y Rioacha; seleccionados de manera no probabilística y que desempeñan actividades en diferentes niveles estratégicos. La recogida de datos se hizo mediante el test revelador del cociente mental tríadico diseñado por Waldemar De Gregory, el análisis se hizo mediante estadígrafos descriptivos. Resultados: La mayoría de trabajadores pertenece al sexo femenino (60 por ciento), desempeñan cargos misionales (73,8 por ciento), poseen predominancia de cerebro central (46,0 por ciento), escala de medición superior. Conclusiones: El predomino de cerebro tríadico corresponde al cerebro central con un nivel superior y desarrollo de actividades de nivel estratégico misional(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Organizations have valid tools that help the recognition of nurotalentos providing elements of recruitment and strategic development. Objectives: Assess brain dominance of a group of workers according to their level of strategic performance, based on the theory of "Brain triadic". Methods: Evaluative descriptive, multicenter study, quantitative approach, no experimental design; conducted on a sample of 68 workers selected probabilistically and not engaged in activities at different strategic levels. Data collection was done by the developer test triadic mental quotient (RCMT) designed by Waldemar De Gregory. Results: Most workers are female (60 percent), missionary positions (73.8 percent), central brain predominance (46.0 percent) and higher measurement scale. Conclusions: predominance of the central brain, higher level and strategic level missionary activities evidenced(AU)

A Review of Clinical and Economic Evaluations Applied to Psychotropic Therapies Used in the Treatment of Schizophrenia in Argentina.

Schizophrenia is considered a serious mental disorder that affects over 21 million people worldwide, and is associated with disability that frequently affects the patient's educational and working performance. In Argentina, two of the most widely used antipsychotics in the treatment of this disorder are haloperidol and risperidone. Both are provided free to patients without health coverage in public healthcare facilities. In this paper we seek to review the clinical and economic benefits of prescribing psychotropic therapies based on haloperidol (a first-generation antipsychotic that is part of the butyrophenone group of drugs) versus risperidone [an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drug] in adult patients who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. To achieve this objective, an exhaustive search of relevant articles published between 2006 and April 2017 was conducted. This literature search showed that intermittent treatment usually fails to prevent relapses due to irregular protection, therefore continuous treatment is more effective. Although the injectable formats of both drugs [haloperidol depot and long-acting injectable risperidone (LAIR)] have not proven to have significant differences with regard to clinical effectiveness vis-à-vis the tablet formats, they showed a lower cost-effectiveness ratio by reducing patients' relapses. Moreover, LAIR exhibits superior cost effectiveness compared with haloperidol depot. Haloperidol is less expensive than risperidone but is less cost effective; in comparison with haloperidol, treatment with risperidone produces (1) an improvement in quality-adjusted life-years, and (2) a significant reduction in negative symptoms. In most cases, antipsychotic treatments are effective in controlling the positive and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia, allowing patients to live in their communities without any impairments. However, it is extremely important to combine pharmacological treatment with other measures that constitute psychosocial therapy.

Metodología para la validación y el control del proceso de irradiación en una instalación autoblindada / Methodology for validation and control of irradiation process in a self-shielding gamma irradiator

Se desarrolló una metodología para la validación y el control de rutina del proceso de irradiación que se realiza en un irradiador autoblindado con fuentes de 60Co. Esta metodología fue aplicada a un irradiador modelo ISOGAMMA LLCo con el objetivo de garantizar la correcta explotación del equipo, la eficiencia de los servicios brindados y la obtención, en forma consistente, de un producto que cumpla con los atributos de calidad y las especificaciones predeterminadas

A methodology was developed for the validation and routine control of the irradiation process performed in a self-shielding gamma irradiator with 60Co sources. This methodology was applied to an irradiator model ISOGAMMA LLCo in order to ensure the proper operation of the equipment, efficiency of services provided and to consistently obtain, , a product that meets the quality attributes and default specifications

Severos trastornos neurológicos y malformaciones en una niña con monosomía del cromosoma 21 / Severe neurological disorders and malformations seen in a girl with chromosome 21 monosomy

Introducción: la monosomía del cromosoma 21, generalmente es incompatible con la vida, aunque se reportan casos en los que esta aparece en forma de mosaico, y constituye un hallazgo inusual en los estudios genéticos realizados en Pediatría.Presentación del caso: niña de 7 años de edad, que fue remitida a la consulta de Asesoramiento Genético por presentar malformaciones congénitas severas y rasgos dismórficos, asociado a un retardo del neurodesarrollo. Al nacer se diagnosticó una comunicación interauricular, que requirió cirugía. Se le realizó estudio por técnicas de citogenética convencional y se obtuvo como resultado una inusual monosomía del cromosoma 21. El estudio de técnica de citogenética molecular detectó una inserción de la zona crítica del 21 en la región subtelomérica del 6p.Conclusiones: el correcto examen clínico de la paciente, unido a los métodos moleculares empleados, permite establecer una hipótesis del diagnóstico de este caso tan inusual(AU)

Conglomerados espacio-temporales de defectos del tubo neural y niveles maternos de alfafetoproteína en Villa Clara (2011-2015) / Spatial-time clusters of neural tube defects and maternal alpha fetoprotein levels in Villa Clara province (2011-2015)

Introducción: los defectos del tubo neural se asocian a valores séricos elevados de alfafetoproteína.Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia ajustada de los defectos del tubo neural en la provincia de Villa Clara.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo donde se incluyeron 43 de los casos nacidos vivos o por interrupción electiva de la gestación por esta causa. Los datos sobre el tipo específico de defecto del tubo neural y los valores séricos de alfafetoproteína materna se obtuvieron del Registro Cubano de Malformaciones Congénitas y del Registro Cubano Prenatal de Malformaciones Congénitas del Centro Provincial de Genética Médica de Villa Clara.Resultados: mediante técnicas de estadística espacial se buscaron conglomerados temporales, espaciales o ambos. Se concluyó que la tasa de prevalencia ajustada fue de 5,47 por cada 1000 recién nacidos. Los niveles séricos de alfafetoproteína resultaron de utilidad para el diagnóstico de los defectos del tubo neural abiertos como la anencefalia.Conclusiones: los hallazgos de conglomerados espaciales y temporales, permitieron identificar los municipios que deben ser objeto de intervención, a través de programas destinados a la identificación y control de posibles factores de riesgo ambientales relacionados con estos defectos congénitos(AU)

Introduction: Neural tube defects are associated to high serum alpha fetoprotein values.Objective: To determine the adjusted prevalence rate of the neural tube defects in Villa Clara province.Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in 43 of the infants born alive or from elective cessation of pregnancy because of this problem. Data on specific type of the neural tube defect and the maternal serum alpha fetoprotein values were taken from the Cuban Register of Congenital Malformations and from the Cuban Prenatal Congenital Malformations of the provincial center of medical genetics in Villa Clara province.Results: The spatial statistical techniques allowed finding time, spatial or spatial-time clusters. The adjusted prevalence rate was 5.47 per 1000 newborns. The serum alpha fetoprotein levels observed in the study were useful for the diagnosis of the open neural tube defects such as anencephaly.Conclusions: The spatial and time cluster findings allowed determining those municipalities where intervention is necessary through programs for the detection and control of possible environmental factors related to these congenital defects(AU)

Radiaciones ultravioletas como factor de riesgo vinculado a la génesis del pterigión en trabajadores expuestos / UV radiations as a risk factor associated to pterygium genesis in exposed workers

Introducción: las radiaciones ultravioletas representan un factor de riesgo para los trabajadores que por razones de su oficio deben laborar a cielo abierto. Objetivos: relacionar las radiaciones ultravioletas como factor de riesgo relacionado con la génesis del pterigión en personas expuestas laboralmente. Métodos: estudio descriptivo correlacional, retrospectivo, diseño documental; realizado en una población 98 trabajadores dedicados, en su mayoría, a actividades a cielo abierto. La recogida de datos se hizo mediante análisis de registros ocupacionales en la Institución prestadora de servicios de Salud Ocupacional, CERINPROS. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante correlación de Pearson y odd ration. Resultados: la distribución por sexo muestra el 83,67 por ciento de sexo masculino y 16,33 por ciento sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 35,3 años, con significancia estadística de exposición de radiaciones ultravioletas como factor de riesgo en la generación de pterigión de 4,56, para un índice de confianza de 95 por ciento. Correlación positiva entre actividad/exposición y edad/exposición. Conclusiones: en el presente estudio, las radiaciones ultravioletas representaron un factor de riesgo para la producción de pterigión(AU)

Introduction: UV radiations represent a risk factor to workers who labors on open-air spaces due to reasons of their jobs. Objective: Associate UV radiations as a risk factor related with pterygium genesis in work-exposed persons. Methods: Correlational, descriptive, retrospective study, and documental design, carried out in a target group of 98 workers dedicated mostly to open-air spaces activities. Data collection was performed by the analysis of occupational records in the institution providing occupational health care, CERINPROS. Statistical analysis was performed by odd ration and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Distribution by sex shows 83.67 percent of male sex and 16.22 percent of female sex, with a mean age of 35.3 years, with a 4.56 value of statistical significance of UV radiations exposition as a risk factor in pterygium genesis, for a confidence rate of 95 percent. There was a positive correlation between activity/exposition and age/exposition. Conclusions: In this study, UV radiations represented a risk factor for the production of genesis(AU)