Influence of the diagnostic protocol and age on the prostate cancer incidence rate in Castilla y León according to the national registry 2010.

OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study of incidence and association, to determine whether the higher incidence of prostate cancer in Castilla y León (with respect to the national rate) could be due to modifiable factors. LOCATION: University Hospital Río Hortega. PARTICIPANTS: New prostate cancer diagnoses. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Incidence rate (IR). Age, family history, symptoms, comorbidity, rectal examination, ultrasound volume (cc), PSA (ng/mL), cylinders, volume cylinder ratio, Gleason, TNM and D'Amico groups. RESULTS: Castilla y León showed the highest prostate cancer IR in Spain (141.1 per 100,000 inhabitants per year), with a peak of early incidence (65-74 years) and significant differences in < 64 and 65-74 years. Age at diagnosis was the lowest (Castilla y León, 66.9 ±7.1 vs. Spain, 69.1 ±â€¯8.2 years; P < .001). No differences: family history, symptoms, comorbidity and PSA. The number of cylinders was 10.7 ±â€¯1.8. In multivariate analysis (AUC = 0.801; P < .001), they were more frequent in Castilla y León: grade i rectal examination, non-palpable rectal examination, Gleason < 6, stage T2c and the volume cylinder ratio < 6 (only in < 64 years: OR 5.2; 95% CI 1.2-22-22.3; P = .027). In Spanish regions, volume cylinder ratio showed inverse correlation with IR in < 74 years, while age showed positive correlation in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The higher prostate cancer IR in Castilla y León in 2010 was not associated to an older population. However, the biopsy technique influenced IR, as more cylinders were obtained in younger subjects, without conditioning overdiagnosis.

Influencia del protocolo diagnóstico y la edad en la tasa de incidencia de cáncer de próstata en Castilla y León según el registro nacional de 2010 / Influence of the diagnostic protocol and age on the prostate cancer incidence rate in Castilla y León according to the national registry 2010

Objetivo: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal de incidencia y asociación, para conocer si la mayor incidencia de cáncer de próstata en Castilla y León (respecto a la tasa nacional) pudiera deberse a factores modificables.EmplazamientoHospital Universitario Río Hortega.ParticipantesNuevos diagnósticos de cáncer de próstata.Mediciones principalesTasa de incidencia (TI). Edad, antecedentes familiares, síntomas, comorbilidad, tacto rectal, volumen ecográfico (cc), PSA (ng/ml), cilindros, relación volumen cilindros, Gleason, TNM y grupos D’Amico.ResultadosLa TI en Castilla y León fue la más alta (141,1 por 100.000 habitantes-año), con un pico de incidencia precoz (65-74 años) y diferencias significativas en<64 y 65-74 años. La edad al diagnóstico fue la más baja (66,9±7,1 vs. 69,1±8,2 años; p<0,001). No hubo diferencias en: antecedentes familiares, síntomas, comorbilidad y PSA. El número de cilindros fue 10,7±1,8. En el análisis multivariante (AUC=0,801; p<0,001) fueron más frecuentes: tacto rectal grado i, tacto rectal no palpable, Gleason<6, estadio T2c y la relación volumen cilindros <6 (solo en<64 años: OR 5,2; IC 95% 1,2-22,3; p=0,027). En las CC. AA., la relación volumen cilindros mostró una correlación inversa con la TI en<74 años, mientras que la edad presentó correlación positiva en todos los tramos.ConclusionesLa mayor TI de cáncer de próstata en Castilla y León 2010 no guardó relación con una población más envejecida. Sin embargo, la técnica de biopsia influyó en la TI, al obtenerse más cilindros en los sujetos más jóvenes, sin condicionar sobrediagnóstico. (AU)

Objective: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study of incidence and association, to determine whether the higher incidence of prostate cancer in Castilla y León (with respect to the national rate) could be due to modifiable factors.LocationUniversity Hospital Río Hortega.ParticipantsNew prostate cancer diagnoses.Main measurementsIncidence rate (IR). Age, family history, symptoms, comorbidity, rectal examination, ultrasound volume (cc), PSA (ng/mL), cylinders, volume cylinder ratio, Gleason, TNM and D’Amico groups.ResultsCastilla y León showed the highest prostate cancer IR in Spain (141.1 per 100,000 inhabitants per year), with a peak of early incidence (65-74 years) and significant differences in<64 and 65-74 years. Age at diagnosis was the lowest (Castilla y León, 66.9±7.1 vs. Spain, 69.1±8.2 years; P<.001). No differences: family history, symptoms, comorbidity and PSA. The number of cylinders was 10.7±1.8. In multivariate analysis (AUC=0.801; P<.001), they were more frequent in Castilla y León: grade i rectal examination, non-palpable rectal examination, Gleason<6, stage T2c and the volume cylinder ratio<6 (only in<64 years: OR 5.2; 95% CI 1.2-22.3; P=.027). In Spanish regions, volume cylinder ratio showed inverse correlation with IR in<74 years, while age showed positive correlation in all age groups.ConclusionsThe higher prostate cancer IR in Castilla y León in 2010 was not associated to an older population. However, the biopsy technique influenced IR, as more cylinders were obtained in younger subjects, without conditioning overdiagnosis. (AU)

[Episodes of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in adult patients of the Valladolid West Area in 2017: Evaluation of the suitability of the microbiological culture request and the prescribed treatment]. / Episodios de salmonelosis no tifoidea en pacientes adultos del Área Valladolid Oeste en 2017: Evaluación de la idoneidad de la petición del cultivo microbiológico y del tratamiento pautado.

OBJECTIVE: Gastroenteritic salmonellosis is still the second cause diagnosed of infectious diarrhea, most of these clinical pictures are mild and self-limited and therefore the use of antibiotics is limited to few cases. The aim of the study was to describe the episodes of diarrhea caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, assessing the suitability of the request and the use of antibiotics according to the criteria included in the methodology. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted, collecting data from the clinical history. RESULTS: A total of 122 episodes were included. The reason for consultation was diarrhea, which generated a greater demand in the Hospital Emergency Services (42.6%). The most frequent serotypes isolated were Enteritidis (53.3%), and Typhimurium (40.2%). The adequate request of the stool was 90.2%. Antibiotic was prescribed in 64.6% (79) of the episodes, most patients under 65 years (58 episodes), the average age was 48.43 years. They were treated mainly with ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, in 57 and 14 episodes, respectively. The average duration of antibiotic treatment was 6 days. There was an adequate use of antibiotics in 49.1% of episodes. When the origin of the request was the Hospital Emergency Service, it was inadequate in 63.5% (33) of them. It was inadequate in 60.0% (39) of episodes when ser. Enteritidis was isolated. Almost half, 48.85% (42) of the 58 episodes in which antibiotics were prescribed among those under 65 (86), were treated without being indicated. CONCLUSIONS: Training actions should be implemented focused on optimizing the management of antibiotics in this entity.

Molecular diagnosis of allergy to Anisakis simplex and Gymnorhynchus gigas fish parasites

Background: There has been an increase in the prevalence of hypersensitivity to Anisakis simplex. There are fish parasites other than Anisakis simplex whose allergenicity has not yet been studied. Objective: To assess IgE hypersensitivity caused by fish parasite allergens in patients with gastro-allergic symptoms after consumption of fish, shellfish or cephalopods, compared with healthy subjects, pollen allergic individuals and children with digestive symptoms after eating marine food. Methods: We carried out in vivo tests (skin prick) and in vitro tests (specific IgE determination, Western blot) and component resolved diagnostics (CRD) using microarray analysis in all patients. Results: CRD better detected sensitisation to allergens from marine parasites than skin prick tests and determination of specific IgE by CAP. Sensitisation to Gymnorhynchus gigas was detected in 26% of patients measured by skin prick tests and 36% measured by IgE. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypersensitivity to marine parasite allergens other than Anisakis simplex should be studied, and the most appropriate technique for this is CRD (AU)

No disponible

Molecular diagnosis of allergy to Anisakis simplex and Gymnorhynchus gigas fish parasites.

BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in the prevalence of hypersensitivity to Anisakis simplex. There are fish parasites other than Anisakis simplex whose allergenicity has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess IgE hypersensitivity caused by fish parasite allergens in patients with gastro-allergic symptoms after consumption of fish, shellfish or cephalopods, compared with healthy subjects, pollen allergic individuals and children with digestive symptoms after eating marine food. METHODS: We carried out in vivo tests (skin prick) and in vitro tests (specific IgE determination, Western blot) and component resolved diagnostics (CRD) using microarray analysis in all patients. RESULTS: CRD better detected sensitisation to allergens from marine parasites than skin prick tests and determination of specific IgE by CAP. Sensitisation to Gymnorhynchus gigas was detected in 26% of patients measured by skin prick tests and 36% measured by IgE. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypersensitivity to marine parasite allergens other than Anisakis simplex should be studied, and the most appropriate technique for this is CRD.

Metabolic Syndrome After Liver Transplantation: Five-Year Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Survival after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has increased over the last decades, focusing on the metabolic complications that contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), its components, and its associated factors in patients who underwent OLT in a hospital in Spain. From November 2001 to January 2014, we performed 415 transplantations in 386 patients. We analyzed 204 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year (77.6% were male and the mean age was 54.2+/-9.5 years). The most frequent etiology was alcohol (41%), followed by hepatitis C virus (29.1%). The indication was decompensated cirrhosis in 51.8% and hepatocellular carcinoma in 34%. According to modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria, 5 years post-transplantation MS was diagnosed in 38.2% of patients. Significant independent predictors of post-transplantation MS on logistic regression analysis were as follows: pretransplantation obesity (odds ratio [OR], 3.09; P = .056), 1-year post-transplantation obesity (OR, 3.95; P = .009), pretransplantation diabetes (OR, 4.63; P = .001), 1-year post-transplantation diabetes (OR, 3.01; P = .015), 1-year post-transplantation hypertension (OR, 1.85; P = .176), and hypertriglyceridemia at the first year after transplantation (OR, 2.32; P = .063). In our center the prevalence of MS at 5 years after OLT is slightly lower than published. The most important risk factors were obesity and diabetes (both pretransplantation and the first year post-transplantation).

Ankle-brachial index, risk of clinical fractures, mortality and low bone mass in nursing home residents.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the ankle-brachial index is related to functional impairment, clinical fractures and mortality in nursing home residents, and whether this effect is associated or not with low bone mass. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective, observational, non-interventional cohort study in non-dependent nursing home residents. The following determinations were made: BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorous 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and cystatin C in blood and microalbuminuria in urine. Bone mass was determined by measuring the peripheral densitometry of the calcaneus. The Katz Index of independence, the Tinetti Balance and Gait evaluation and functional tests were administered. The ankle-brachial index was measured and patients divided into three groups (ankle-brachial index > 1.40, 1.40-0.90, and < 0.90). Clinical fractures and general and vascular mortality were measured for 20 months. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were included. There was an inverse relationship between age and the ankle-brachial index (p = 0.022) but no association with bone mass, biochemical tests, clinical fractures and the degree of independence. There was increased mortality in patients with increased or reduced ABI. CONCLUSIONS: An altered ankle-brachial index is a marker of vascular mortality in elderly nursing home residents.

Effect of Lys656Asn Polymorphism of Leptin Receptor Gene on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Serum Adipokine Levels after a High Polyunsaturated Fat Diet in Obese Patients.

BACKGROUND: Human obesity is characterized by high levels of leptin, and leptin levels may change with weight loss and dietary restriction. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism in the leptin receptor gene on cardiovascular risk factors, weight loss, and serum leptin levels to a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) hypocaloric diet in obese patients. DESIGN: A sample of 132 obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way with a dietary intervention. The enriched PUFAs hypocaloric intervention consisted in a diet of 1,459 kcal, 45.7% of carbohydrates, 34.4% of lipids, and 19.9% of proteins. RESULTS: In wild-type group, BMI (-1.9 ± 1.4 kg/m(2) ), weight (-4.4 ± 3.2 kg), fat mass (-4.2 ± 3.8 kg), waist circumference (-4.1 ± 3.1 cm), systolic blood pressure (-7.0 ± 12.1 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (-3.9 ± 6.8 mmHg), insulin (-1.8 ± 5.6 MUI/l) and HOMA-IR (-0.5 ± 1.5 Units) decreased. In mutant genotype group, BMI (-2.0 ± 2.1 kg/m(2) ), weight (-3.6 ± 4.1 kg), waist circumference (-3.1 ± 4.1 cm), total cholesterol (-25.2 ± 19.6 mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (-16.6 ± 25.6 mg/dl), and tryglicerides (-26.6 ± 39.1 mg/dl) decreased. Only leptin levels have a significant decrease in wild genotype group (-6.6 ± 10.2 ng/ml) (25.1%). CONCLUSION: Carriers of ASn656 allele have a different response than wild-type obese, with a lack of decrease in insulin levels, leptin levels, and HOMA-IR. However, obese patients with this mutant allele have a better lipid profile after weight loss.

Role of insulin resistance and adipocytokines on serum alanine aminotransferase in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to study the association of insulin resistance expressed by HOMA and adipokines in obese type 2 diabetic patients with or without hyper-transaminasemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population of 72 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was analyzed. HOMA-IR was calculated as indicator of insulin-resistance. Adipocytokines blood levels were measured. RESULTS: Patients were classified as group I (n=37) when serum ALT activity was normal or group II (NAFLD patients: n=35) when serum ALT activity was greater than the median value of the group (≥ 28 UI/L). In NAFLD group, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist to hip ratio, waist circumference, triglycerides, HOMA and insulin levels were higher than control group. In the logistic regression analysis with a dependent variable (ALT) and the statistical univariant variables as independent variables, the HOMA-IR remained in the model, with an Odd's ratio of 1.21 (CI:95%: 1.11-1.35) to have a high ALT level with each 1 unit of HOMA-IR adjusted by age, sex, weight, and dietary intake. CONCLUSIONS: Some metabolic parameters are associated with elevated ALT in female obese patients. However, adjusted by other variables, only insulin resistance remained associated.

Fatty acid-binding protein 2 Ala54Thr genotype is associated with insulin resistance and leptin levels changes after a high monounsaturated fat diet in obese non-diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: It has been found that the expression of fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) mRNA is under dietary control. This polymorphism was associated with high insulin resistance, and fasting insulin concentrations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Thr54 polymorphism in the FABP2 gene on metabolic response, weight loss and serum adipokine levels secondary to a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet. DESIGN: A sample of 122 obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way. The hypocaloric diet had 1342 kcal, 46.6% of carbohydrates, 34.1% of lipids and 19.2% of proteins, with a 67.5% of monounsaturated fats, and lasted 3 months. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients (45.1%) had the genotype Ala54/Ala54 (wild group) and 67 (64.9%) patients a mutant genotype, Ala54/Thr54 (54 patients, 44.3%) or Thr54/Thr54 (13 patients, 10.7%). In wild group, body mass index (-1.5±1.2 kg/m2), weight (-4.1±3.6 kg), fat mass (-3.6±3.3 kg), waist circumference (-4.9±2.9 cm), insulin (-1.7±3.6 mUI/l), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-0.6±1.8 units) and leptin levels decreased (-7.6±7.1 ng/ml). In mutant group, anthropometric parameters improved, without changes in biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: Carriers of Thr54 allele have a different response than wild type obese, with a lack of decrease of insulin levels, leptin levels and HOMA-IR.

Serum visfatin levels and metabolic syndrome criteria in obese female subjects.

BACKGROUND: Serum visfatin concentrations are associated with cardiovascular risk factors and obesity. Relation of this adipokine with metabolic syndrome is unclear. We decide to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and visfatin levels in female obese subjects. SUBJECTS: A sample of 826 female obese subjects was analyzed. A complete nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed. Serum visfatin levels were measured and to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, the definitions of the Adult Treatment Panel III was considered RESULTS: Mean age was 48.1 + 12.6 years. Patients were divided in three groups by tertiles of visfatin value, group I (<7.94 ng/ml), group II (7.95-11.78 ng/ml) and group 3 (>11.79 ng/ml). A total of 350 women had metabolic syndrome (42.4%). Values of body mass index, weight, fat mass and waist circumference were lower in patients in the highest tertile group of visfatin than the lowest and middle tertiles of visfatin. Values of C reactive protein were higher in patients in the highest tertile group of visfatin than the lowest and middle tertiles of visfatin. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation among serum visfatin levels and the independent variables; total cholesterol (r = 0.14;p < 0.05) and C reactive protein (r = 0.12;p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, only visfatin concentration increase 0.123 ng/ml (CI95%:0.033-0.445) for each mg/dl of C reactive protein. CONCLUSION: Only C reactive protein remained associated in an independent way. Serum visfatin was not associated with the accumulation of metabolic syndrome factors or the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in obese female subjects.

Clinical value of morphine, pholcodine and poppy seed IgE assays in drug-abusers and allergic people

Background: The diagnosis of anaphylactic reactions due to opiates during anaesthesia can be difficult, since in most cases various drugs may have been administered. Detection of specific IgE to poppy seed might be a marker for sensitisation to opiates in allergic people and heroin-abusers. This study assessed the clinical value of morphine, pholcodine and poppy seed skin-prick and IgE determination in people suffering hypersensitivity reactions during anaesthesia or analgesia and drug-abusers with allergic symptoms. Methods: We selected heroin abusers and patients who suffered severe reactions during anaesthesia and analgesia from a database of 23,873 patients. The diagnostic yield (sensitivity, specificity and predictive value) of prick and IgE tests in determining opiate allergy was analysed. Results: Overall, 149 patients and 200 controls, mean age 32.9±14.7 years, were included. All patients with positive prick to opiates showed positive prick and IgE to poppy seeds, but not to morphine or pholcodine IgE. Among drug-abusers, 13/42 patients (31%) presented opium hypersensitivity confirmed by challenge tests. Among non-drug abusers, sensitisation to opiates was higher in people allergic to tobacco (25%), P<0.001. Prick tests and IgE against poppy seed had a good sensitivity (95.6% and 82.6%, respectively) and specificity (98.5% and 100%, respectively) in the diagnosis of opiate allergy. Conclusions: Opiates may be significant allergens. Drug-abusers and people sensitised to tobacco are at risk. Both the prick and specific IgE tests efficiently detected sensitisation to opiates. The highest levels were related to more-severe clinical profiles(AU)

Clinical value of morphine, pholcodine and poppy seed IgE assays in drug-abusers and allergic people.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of anaphylactic reactions due to opiates during anaesthesia can be difficult, since in most cases various drugs may have been administered. Detection of specific IgE to poppy seed might be a marker for sensitisation to opiates in allergic people and heroin-abusers. This study assessed the clinical value of morphine, pholcodine and poppy seed skin-prick and IgE determination in people suffering hypersensitivity reactions during anaesthesia or analgesia and drug-abusers with allergic symptoms. METHODS: We selected heroin abusers and patients who suffered severe reactions during anaesthesia and analgesia from a database of 23,873 patients. The diagnostic yield (sensitivity, specificity and predictive value) of prick and IgE tests in determining opiate allergy was analysed. RESULTS: Overall, 149 patients and 200 controls, mean age 32.9 ± 14.7 years, were included. All patients with positive prick to opiates showed positive prick and IgE to poppy seeds, but not to morphine or pholcodine IgE. Among drug-abusers, 13/42 patients (31%) presented opium hypersensitivity confirmed by challenge tests. Among non-drug abusers, sensitisation to opiates was higher in people allergic to tobacco (25%), P<.001. Prick tests and IgE against poppy seed had a good sensitivity (95.6% and 82.6%, respectively) and specificity (98.5% and 100%, respectively) in the diagnosis of opiate allergy. CONCLUSIONS: Opiates may be significant allergens. Drug-abusers and people sensitised to tobacco are at risk. Both the prick and specific IgE tests efficiently detected sensitisation to opiates. The highest levels were related to more-severe clinical profiles.

[Relation of -55CT polymorphism of UCP3 gene with weight loss and metabolic changes after a high polyunsaturated fat diet in obese patients]. / Relación del polimorfismo -55CT del gen UCP3 con la pérdida de peso y los cambios metabólicos tras una dieta hipocalórica rica en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en pacientes obesos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The alteration in the protein expression of UCP3 could reduce energy consumption and increase energy storage as fat. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of -55CT polymorphism of UCP3 gene in the metabolic response, weight loss and serum levels of adipokines following a hypocaloric diet rich in polyunsaturated fat in obese patients. DESIGN: A sample of 133 obese patients were analyzed prospectively for 3 months. The hypocaloric diet was 1459 kcal, 45.7% carbohydrate, 34.4% from 19.9% lipids and proteins. The fat distribution was, a 21.8% saturated fat, 55.5% monounsaturated and 22.7% of polyunsaturated fat (7 g per day of fatty acids w6, 2 g per day of w -3 and a ratio w6/w3 of 3.5). RESULTS: A total of 100 patients (28 males/72 females) (75.2%) had genotype - 55CC (wild genotype group) and 33 patients (8 males/25 females) (24.8%) -55CT genotype (group mutant genotype). In the wild genotype, body mass index (-2.5 ± 5.3 kg/m²), weight (-4.2 ± 3.7 kg), fat mass (-3,7 ± 3.3 kg), waist circumference (-4.1 ± 2.9 cm), systolic blood pressure (-4.9 ± 10.1 mmHg), total cholesterol levels (- 16.1 ± 23.6 mg / dl), LDL cholesterol (-11.1 ± 26.8 mg/dl), triglycerides (-12.0 ± 46.8 mg/dl), insulin (-1.8 ± 4.5 IU/L), HOMA-R (-0.6 ± 1.5) and leptin (-6.2 ± 8.4 ng/ml) decreased. In the mutant genotype anthropometric parameters were significantly decreased without significant changes in biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: The T allele carriers of -55CT UCP3 polymorphism exhibit no metabolic response to weight loss induced by a hypocaloric diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

[Relation of the rs9939609 gene variant in FTO with cardiovascular risk factor and serum adipokine levels in morbid obese patients]. / Relación del polimorfismo rs9939609 del gen FTO con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y niveles de adipocitoquinas en pacientes con obesidad mórbida.

BACKGROUND: Common polymorphisms of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity in some populations. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship of the rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism on body weight, cardiovascular risk factors and serum adipokine levels in morbid obese patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 129 patients with obesity was analyzed in a cross sectional design. Weight, blood pressure, basal glucose, c-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides blood and adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, TNF alpha, and interleukin 6) levels were measured. A tetrapolar bioimpedance and a prospective serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days written food records were realized. Genotype of FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) was studied. RESULTS: Forty three patients (31.8%) had TT genotype, 55 patients (42.6%) TA genotype and 33 patients (25.6%) AA genotype. Body mass index (43.6 (2.6) kg/m² vs. 44.1 (2.9) kg/m²; p < 0.05), fat mass (52.0 (12.5) kg vs. 56.3 (11.7) kg: p < 0.05), weight (111.6 (16.2) kg vs. 114.9 (18.9) kg; p < 0.05), levels of C reactive protein (6.1 (4.3) mg/dl vs. 9.8 (7.1) mg/dl; p < 0.05) and levels of leptin (65.9 (52.2) ng/ml vs. 110.9 (74.1); < 0.05) were higher in mutant type group (A allele) than wild genotype group (TT). CONCLUSION: The FTO gene polymorphism, rs9939609, was found to be associated with weight, fat mass, C reactive protein and leptin levels in morbid obese patients with A allele.

Influence of G1359A polimorphysm of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) on insulin resistance and adipokines in patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease / Influencia del polimorfismo G1359a del gen del receptor cannabinoide (CNR1) sobre la resistencia a la insulina y adipocinas en pacientes con enfermedad hepática no alcohólica

Background: Considering the evidence that endogenous cannabinoid system plays a role in metabolic aspects of body weight and metabolic syndrome components such as non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of this polymorphism on insulin resistance, liver histological changes, anthropometric parameters and adipocytokines in patients with NAFLD. Material and methods: A population of 71 patients with NAFLD was recruited in a cross sectional study. A biochemical analysis of serum was measured. Genotype of G1359A polymorphism of CB1 receptor gene CB1 receptor was studied. Forty one patients (36.9%) had the genotype G1359G (wild type group) and twenty nine (26.1%) patients G1359A or A1359A (mutant type group). Results: Twenty four 24 patients (32,3%) had a Brunt grade > 4 and 12 patients (17%) had a significative fibrosis (F > = 2). HOMA values were higher in wild type group than mutant type group. Adiponectin and visfatin levels were higher in mutant type group. Moreover, TNF-alpha and resistin levels were higher in wild type group than mutant type group. Patients with mutant genotype showed less frequently elevated levels of AST. AST > 40 UI/L was detected in 28.5% of patients in the mutant vs. 53% of patients with wild genotype, p < 0.05. Patients with mutant type group presented a percentage of Brunt grade > = 4 less frequently than patients with wild type group (28.5%vs 7.1%). Conclusion: A variant of the polymorphism G1359A CBR1 is associated with lower levels of HOMA, TNF-alpha, resistin and higher levels of adiponectin than patients with the wild variant of this polymorphism. Besides, patients with A allele variant shown lower Brunt grade in liver biopsy (AU)

Antecedentes: Teniendo en cuenta la evidencia de que el sistema cannabinoide endógeno juega un papel importante en aspectos metabólicos, peso corporal y componentes del síndrome metabólico como la enfermedad hepática NO alcohólica (EHNA). El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar la influencia de este polimorfismo en la resistencia a la insulina, cambios en la histología hepática, parámetros antropométricos y adipocitoquinas en pacientes con hígado graso no alcohólico. Material y métodos: Una población de 71 pacientes con hígado graso no alcohólico fue reclutado en un estudio de corte transversal. Se realizó un análisis bioquímico de suero. El genotipo del polimorfismo G1359A del gen del receptor CB1 se ha estudiado en todos los pacientes. Cuarenta y un pacientes (36,9%) tenían el genotipo G1359G (grupo de tipo salvaje) y veintinueve (26,1%) de los pacientes o G1359A A1359A (grupo mutante). Resultados: Veinticuatro 24 pacientes (32,3%) tenían un grado de Brunt > 4 y 12 pacientes (17%) tenían una fibrosis significativa (F > = 2). Los valores de HOMA fueron mayores en el grupo con genotipo salvaje que el grupo mutante. Los niveles de adiponectina y visfatina fueron mayores en el grupo con genotipo mutante. Por otra parte, el TNF-alfa y los niveles de resistina fueron más altos en el grupo con genotipo salvaje que el grupo mutante. Los pacientes con genotipo mutante mostraron niveles elevados de menor frecuencia de AST. AST > 40 UI/L se detectó en el 28,5% de los pacientes con el genotipo mutante frente a 53% de los pacientes con genotipo salvaje, p < 0,05. Los pacientes con genotipo mutante presentaron un porcentaje de grado de Brunt > = 4 con menos frecuencia que los pacientes con genotipo salvaje (28,5%vs 7,1%). Conclusión: Una variante del polimorfismo G1359A CBR1 se asocia con menores niveles de HOMA, TNF-alfa, resistina y mayores niveles de adiponectina que los pacientes con la variante salvaje de este polimorfismo. Además, los pacientes con una variante del alelo muestra menor grado de Brunt en la biopsia hepática (AU)

Epidemiology, risk factors and comorbidity for urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria.

AIM: Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by resistant bacteria is becoming more prevalent. We investigate characteristics and associated risk factors for UTIs resulting from extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria. METHODS: Retrospective study of urinary tract isolates of ESBL-producing enterobacteria in adults (2009 and 2010). We included 400 patients and 103 controls (UTI caused by non-ESBL Escherichia coli). Clinical and demographic information was obtained from medical records. Comorbidity was evaluated using Charlson Index (CI). Strains were identified using VITEK 2 system. RESULTS: A total of 400 isolates were obtained (93%E. coli and 7%Klebsiella spp). In 2009, 6% of cultures were ESBL-producing E. coli and 7% in 2010. 37% of patients were men and 81% were aged ≥60years. CI was 2.3±1.8 (high comorbidity: 42.8%). 41.5% of strains were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, 85.8% to fosfomycin and 15.5% to ciprofloxacin. The total number of ESBL E. coli positive urine cultures during hospital admission was 97 and, compared with 103 controls, risk factors for UTI caused by ESBL- E. coli strains in hospitalised patients were nursing home residence (p<0.001), diabetes (p=0.032), recurrent UTI (p=0.032) and high comorbidity (p=0.002). In addition, these infections were associated with more symptoms (p<0.001) and longer admission (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary tract infection caused by ESBL are a serious problem and identifying risk factors facilitates early detection and improved prognosis. Male sex, hospitalisation, institutionalisation, diabetes, recurrent UTI and comorbidity were risk factors and were associated with more symptoms and longer hospital stay.

Relación del polimorfismo rs9939609 del gen FTO con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y niveles de adipocitoquinas en pacientes con obesidad mórbida / Relation of the rs9939609 gene variant in FTO with cardiovascular risk factor and serum adipokine levels in morbid obese patients

Introducción: Algunos polimorfismos del gen asociado con la masa grasa y la obesidad (FTO) se han relacionado con la obesidad y parámetros bioquímicos. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la relación del polimorfismo rs9939609 del gen FTO con el peso corporal, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y los niveles séricos de adipocitoquinas en una muestra de pacientes con obesidad mórbida. Material y métodos: Una muestra de 129 pacientes con obesidad mórbida (IMC > 40) se analizó en un diseño de corte transversal. A todos los pacientes se les determinó el peso, presión arterial, glucemia basal, proteína C reactiva (PCR), insulina, resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-R), colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol, triglicéridos y adipocitoquinas (adiponectina leptina, resistina, TNF-alfa, y los niveles de interleucina-6). Se evaluó la masa grasa mediante bioimpedancia tetrapolar y registró prospectivamente la ingesta de nutrientes durante tres días. En todos ellos se genotipo el polimorfismo del gen FTO (rs9939609). Resultados: Cuarenta y un pacientes (31,8%) tenían el genotipo TT (grupo genotipo salvaje), 55 pacientes (42,6%) el genotipo TA y 33 pacientes (25,6%) el genotipo AA. El índice de masa corporal (43,6 (2,6) kg/m2 vs. 44,1 (2,9) kg/m2; p < 0,05), masa grasa (52,0 (12,5) kg vs. 56,3 (11,7) kg: p < 0,05), el peso (111,6 (16,2) kg vs. 114,9 (18,9) kg; p < 0,05), niveles de proteína C reactiva (6,1(4,3) mg/dl vs. 9,8 (7,1) mg/dl; p < 0,05) y niveles de leptina (65,9 (52,2) ng/ml vs. 110,9 (74,1); < 0,05) fueron estadísticamente mayores en los pacientes que presentaron el alelo mutado (A). Conclusiones: El polimorfismo del gen FTO, rs9939609, se asocia con un mayor peso, masa grasa y niveles circulantes de leptina y proteína C reactiva en pacientes con obesidad mórbida (AU)

Background: Common polymorphisms of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity in some populations. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship of the rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism on body weight, cardiovascular risk factors and serum adipokine levels in morbid obese patients. Material and methods: A sample of 129 patients with obesity was analyzed in a cross sectional design. Weight, blood pressure, basal glucose, creactive protein (CRP), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides blood and adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, TNF alpha, and interleukin 6) levels were measured. A tetrapolar bioimpedance and a prospective serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days written food records were realized. Genotype of FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) was studied. Results: Forty three patients (31.8%) had TT genotype, 55 patients (42.6%) TA genotype and 33 patients (25.6%) AA genotype. Body mass index (43.6 (2.6) kg/m2 vs. 44.1 (2.9) kg/m2; p < 0.05), fat mass (52.0 (12.5) kg vs. 56.3 (11.7) kg: p < 0.05), weight (111.6 (16.2) kg vs. 114.9 (18.9) kg; p < 0.05), levels of C reactive protein (6.1 (4.3) mg/dl vs. 9.8 (7.1) mg/dl; p < 0.05) and levels of leptin (65.9 (52.2) ng/ml vs. 110.9 (74.1); < 0.05) were higher in mutant type group (A allele) than wild genotype group (TT). Conclusion: The FTO gene polymorphism, rs9939609, was found to be associated with weight, fat mass, C reactive protein and leptin levels in morbid obese patients with A allele (AU)

Relación del polimorfismo -55CT del gen UCP3 con la pérdida de peso y los cambios metabólicos tras una dieta hipocalórica rica en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en pacientes obesos / Relation of -55CT polymorphism of UCP3 gene with weight loss and metabolic changes after a high polyunsaturated fat diet in obese patients

Antecedentes y objetivos: La alteración en la expresión de las proteinas UCP3 podrían reducir el gasto energético y aumentar el almacenamiento de energía en forma de grasa. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar la influencia del polimorfismo -55CT del gen UCP3 en la respuesta metabólica, pérdida de peso y los niveles séricos de adipocitoquinas tras una dieta hipocalórica rica en grasas poliinsaturadas en pacientes obesos. Diseño: Se estudió una muestra de 133 pacientes obesos de forma prospectiva durante 3 meses. La dieta hipocalórica tenía 1.459 kcal, un 45,7% de hidratos de carbono, un 34,4% de los lípidos y un 19,9% de las proteínas. La distribución de las grasas era; un 21,8% de grasas saturadas, un 55,5% de grasas monoinsaturadas y un 22,7% de las grasas poliinsaturadas (7 g por día de ácidos graso w6, 2 g por díia de w-3 y una ratio w6/w3 de 3,5). Resultados: Un total de 100 pacientes (28 varones/72 mujeres) (75,2%) tenían el genotipo -55CC (grupo con genotipo salvaje) y 33 pacientes (8 varones/25 mujeres) (24,8%) el genotipo -55CT (grupo con genotipo mutante). En el grupo con genotipo salvaje disminuyeron el índice de masa corporal (-2,5 ± 5,3 kg/m2), peso (-4,2 ± 3,7 kg), masa grasa (-3,7 ± 3,3 kg), circunferencia de la cintura (-4,1 ± 2,9 cm), tensión arterial sistólica (-4,9 ± 10,1 mmHg), niveles de colesterol total (-16,1 ± 23,6 mg/dl), colesterol LDL (-11,1 ± 26,8 mg/dl), triglicéridos (-12,0 ± 46,8 mg/dl), insulina (-1,8 ± 4,5 UI/L), HOMA-R (-0,6 ± 1,5) y leptina (-6,2 ± 8,4 ng/ml). En el grupo con genotipo mutante disminuyeron significativamente los parámetros antropométricos sin modificaciones significativas de parámetros bioquímicos. Conclusión: Los pacientes portadores del alelo T del polimorfismo -55CT del gen UCP3, presentan una ausencia respuesta metabólica ante la perdida de peso inducida por una dieta hipocalórica rica en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AU)

Background and objectives: The alteration in the protein expression of UCP3 could reduce energy consumption and increase energy storage as fat. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of -55CT polymorphism of UCP3 gene in the metabolic response, weight loss and serum levels of adipokines following a hypocaloric diet rich in polyunsaturated fat in obese patients. Design: A sample of 133 obese patients were analyzed prospectively for 3 months. The hypocaloric diet was 1459 kcal, 45.7% carbohydrate, 34.4% from 19.9% lipids and proteins. The fat distribution was, a 21.8% saturated fat, 55.5% monounsaturated and 22.7% of polyunsaturated fat (7 g per day of fatty acids w6, 2 g per day of w -3 and a ratio w6/w3 of 3.5). Results: A total of 100 patients (28 males/72 females) (75.2%) had genotype - 55CC (wild genotype group) and 33 patients (8 males/25 females) (24.8%) -55CT genotype (group mutant genotype). In the wild genotype, body mass index (-2.5 ± 5.3 kg/m2), weight (-4.2 ± 3.7 kg), fat mass (-3,7 ± 3.3 kg), waist circumference (-4.1 ± 2.9 cm), systolic blood pressure (-4.9 ± 10.1 mmHg), total cholesterol levels (- 16.1 ± 23.6 mg / dl), LDL cholesterol (-11.1 ± 26.8 mg/dl), triglycerides (-12.0 ± 46.8 mg/dl), insulin (-1.8 ± 4.5 IU/L), HOMA-R (-0.6 ± 1.5) and leptin (-6.2 ± 8.4 ng/ml) decreased. In the mutant genotype anthropome-tric parameters were significantly decreased without significant changes in biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The T allele carriers of -55CT UCP3 polymorphism exhibit no metabolic response to weight loss induced by a hypocaloric diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (AU)