An investigation of the adsorption of C5-C12 hydrocarbons in the ppmv and ppbv ranges on Carbotrap B.

The effects of concentration and temperature on the breakthrough volumes (Vb) of 23 volatile organic compounds on Carbotrap B have been determined using the frontal chromatography method. From the measured Vb, original isotherms have been produced and adsorption parameters based on the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Polyani adsorption models have been calculated. The calculated adsorption parameters describe the behavior of these VOC on Carbotrap B under the experimental conditions and are useful data for VOC sampling applications including adsorption modeling of pumped and diffusive sampling. Each of the adsorption models give similar results and are in good agreement with the experimental data in the ppmv concentration range. It will be shown that contrary to previous assumptions the Langmuir adsorption parameters obtained at ppmv concentrations cannot be used to predict Vb at ppbv concentrations and the calculated parameter mmax does not represent the maximum adsorbent capacity. The Freundlich and Dubinin-Polyani models are shown to be more successful in describing the adsorption behavior of the VOC at ppbv levels where Vb is independent of concentration. The isosteric heats of adsorption (-delta Hst) for some of the compounds have been determined using the Van't Hoff equation which can be used to predict the effect of temperature on Vb.

Pilot study of personal, indoor and outdoor exposure to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.

There is a lack of data for health risk assessment of long term personal exposure to certain ubiquitous air pollutants present particularly in urban atmospheres. The relationship between ambient background concentrations and personal exposure is often unknown. A pilot campaign to measure indoor concentrations, outdoor concentrations and personal exposure to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was conducted in a medium sized French town. A strong contribution to total personal exposure was observed from indoor sources, especially for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, suggesting that indoor sources are dominant for these compounds. For benzene, the average personal exposure exceeded a 10 microgm(-3) limit value, although this was not the case for the ambient background concentration. For formaldehyde, the limit level was also exceeded. Observations suggest that true personal exposure cannot be determined directly from measurements pertaining from fixed ambient background monitoring stations. It is hoped that this will be taken into consideration by the bodies responsible for monitoring air pollution and the future European Air Quality Directive.