RESUMO
The relationship between form and function in trees is the subject of a longstanding debate in forest ecology and provides the basis for theories concerning forest ecosystem structure and metabolism. Trees interact with the wind in a dynamic manner and exhibit natural sway frequencies and damping processes that are important in understanding wind damage. Tree-wind dynamics are related to tree architecture, but this relationship is not well understood. We present a comprehensive view of natural sway frequencies in trees by compiling a dataset of field measurement spanning conifers and broadleaves, tropical and temperate forests. The field data show that a cantilever beam approximation adequately predicts the fundamental frequency of conifers, but not that of broadleaf trees. We also use structurally detailed tree dynamics simulations to test fundamental assumptions underpinning models of natural frequencies in trees. We model the dynamic properties of greater than 1000 trees using a finite-element approach based on accurate three-dimensional model trees derived from terrestrial laser scanning data. We show that (1) residual variation, the variation not explained by the cantilever beam approximation, in fundamental frequencies of broadleaf trees is driven by their architecture; (2) slender trees behave like a simple pendulum, with a single natural frequency dominating their motion, which makes them vulnerable to wind damage and (3) the presence of leaves decreases both the fundamental frequency and the damping ratio. These findings demonstrate the value of new three-dimensional measurements for understanding wind impacts on trees and suggest new directions for improving our understanding of tree dynamics from conifer plantations to natural forests.
Assuntos
Florestas , Modelos Biológicos , Árvores/fisiologia , VentoRESUMO
The silicone breast implant controversy has amassed a great deal of media coverage in the past year. Unfortunately, separating fact from fiction has been extremely frustrating and difficult, not only for physicians but for women who have either had or are considering cosmetic or reconstructive surgery of the breast. At a recent meeting attended by most of the board eligible and certified Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons in the State of Arkansas, it was felt that a consensus statement was needed to clarify the issues and inform other Arkansas physicians of the most up to date information. The result is a fairly comprehensive review which will require your indulgence. Breast implants are placed not only by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, but by Otolaryngologists, "Facial Plastic Surgeons", Obstetricians/Gynecologists, General Surgeons, Dermatologists and Family Practitioners. We believe it is the ethical and legal responsibility of the physicians who elect to perform these procedures to provide adequate care and follow-up for these patients when either real or perceived problems arise. Accurate information, reassurance and occasionally re-operations are required for many of these patients.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/etiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Migração de Corpo Estranho/etiologia , Política de Saúde , Mamoplastia , Próteses e Implantes , Silicones , United States Food and Drug Administration/legislação & jurisprudência , Doenças Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico , Géis , Humanos , Próteses e Implantes/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Influenza vaccination is a widely accepted practice particularly among the elderly and high risk individuals. Minor and transitory side effects following the vaccination are common while systemic complications are infrequently reported. We describe 3 patients who developed systemic vasculitis following influenza vaccination. With increasing use of influenza vaccination, attention should be drawn to the possible expression of systemic adverse effects such as vasculitis.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Vasculite/etiologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common malady associated with modern manufacturing. An aggressive return-to-work program was begun in 1980. A prospective study was begun in 1982, and data matured through 1988 comparing the costs of a control group of patients treated by the more traditional method (in the author's geographic area) and the author's aggressive return-to-work policy. Sixty-seven patients with 94 carpal tunnel surgeries were studied. The results reveal that the aggressively treated group had 1 of 44 patients fail to return to work following surgery, and 3 of 23 failed to return to work from the control group. One patient of each group developed a recurrence. The tangible costs that could be computed were found to be 58 percent less in the aggressively treated group than in the control group. At the same time, the patients can maintain their standard of living.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/economia , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/cirurgia , Trabalho , Custos e Análise de Custo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
We have reported the case of a 69-year-old woman with a hugh benign fibrous tumor of the left pleura and hypoglycemic seizures. Increased preoperative levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF II) were present; insulin level was low and plasma levels of somatomedin C were normal. After resection of the 2,400 gm tumor, blood sugar level has remained normal, and IGF II has fallen to normal limits. This appears to be the first reported case documenting elevated serum IGF II in association with a benign fibrous pleural tumor.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/patologia , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like II/análise , Neoplasias Pleurais/patologia , Somatomedinas/análise , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/sangue , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/sangue , Neoplasias Pleurais/sangue , Neoplasias Pleurais/complicações , Neoplasias Pleurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pleurais/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Síndrome , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A case report is presented showing the reconstruction of a two-compartment scrotum out of hair-bearing perineal skin following a severe degloving injury of the scrotum and testicles. We feel that this is an appropriate procedure to be used in patients who have lost the testicles and scrotum traumatically, either one or both testicles, or in the situation where both testicles have been spared. Aesthetically, the result in this patient is superior to skin grafting and should be readily reproducible.
Assuntos
Escroto/lesões , Transplante de Pele , Expansão de Tecido , Adulto , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pênis/lesões , Pênis/cirurgia , Períneo/cirurgia , Escroto/cirurgia , Transplante de Pele/métodos , Testículo/lesões , Testículo/cirurgia , Expansão de Tecido/métodosAssuntos
Hipoglicemia/diagnóstico , Acetoexamida/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Glicemia/análise , Jejum , Feminino , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Hipoglicemia/fisiopatologia , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/metabolismo , Insulinoma/complicações , Erros de Medicação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/complicaçõesRESUMO
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity, although common, has been reported only infrequently with sulfonylureas. For glyburide, a second-generation sulfonylurea, only two brief reports of hepatotoxicity exist. Two patients with type II diabetes mellitus developed an acute hepatitis-like syndrome soon after initiation of glyburide therapy. There was no serologic evidence of viral infection, and a liver biopsy sample showed a histologic pattern consistent with drug-induced hepatitis. Both patients recovered quickly after stopping glyburide therapy and have remained well for a follow-up period of 1 year. Glyburide can produce an acute hepatitis-like illness in some persons.
Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Glibureto/efeitos adversos , Biópsia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Fígado/patologia , Testes de Função Hepática , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Hirsutismo/etiologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Adulto , Androgênios/sangue , Androgênios/metabolismo , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/metabolismo , Hirsutismo/diagnóstico , Hirsutismo/fisiopatologia , Hirsutismo/terapia , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo , Mestranol/uso terapêutico , Noretindrona/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/genética , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/terapiaRESUMO
Gusto-lacrimation, or "crocodile tear syndrome," is a rare complication, with 95 cases reported in the literature. Two patients are presented here, one after a facial fracture which apparently extended into the temporal bone proximal to the optic ganglion, and one after a Bell's palsy. The mechanism appears to be a misdirection of regenerating gustatory fibers destined for the salivary glands, so that they become secretory fibers to the lacrimal gland and cause homolateral tearing while the patient is eating. A simple procedure, involving subtotal resection of the palpebral lobe of the involved lacrimal gland, proved to be an effective corrective measure in these cases. Although it was not done in these cases, it would perhaps be advisable to do a Schirmer's test to assist in determining the amount of gland to be removed.