[Oxytocin genetic pathway (CD38) and SDQ psychosocial characteristics in adolescent schoolchildren]. / Geneticheskii put' oksitotsina (CD38) i psikhosotsial'nye kharakteristiki po oprosniku SDQ u shkol'nikov-podrostkov.

OBJECTIVE: To determine an effect of CD38 on the regulation of oxytocin (OT) production and to identify psychosocial characteristics according to the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in adolescent schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 308 adolescents, aged 11-18 years, of an unbiased school sample from three large cities of Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, n=194; Abakan, n=76; Kyzyl, n=38). All participants were Russian. The ethnicity was determined by mother's descent. Psychological study using SDQ and analysis of gene polymorphisms in DNA from saliva samples were carried out. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan allele discrimination technology with TaqMan probes (DNA synthesis, Russia) using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Rotor-Gene 6000 (Corbett Life Science, Australia). Data were analyzed using Statistica v.10 software. RESULTS: In adolescence, the high activity of the OT pathway can cause a number of negative effects, such as emotional instability («Emotional problems¼ (p=0.048), «Goodman total score¼ (p=0.057), «Hyperactivity¼ (p=0.075). The differences are statistically significant (p≤0.05)) in young (11-14 years old) adolescent girls who carry the A allele for rs3796863 polymorphism. Similar gender differences are characteristic and have been described for other populations. The distribution of the CD38 rs3796863 genotypes was similar to that in Caucasians. In adolescence, OT production decreases in comparison with the prepubertal period, and there are gender differences in its concentration in biological liquids towards an increase in girls compared to boys. In addition, the medians of individual SDQ scales differed significantly between boys and girls in our sample. CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis of excessive social sensitivity mediated by OT, which may lead to some gender- and age-dependent psychosocial problems.

[The relationship between internet addiction and sleep disorders in adolescents of Central Siberia in different types of consumed content]. / Vzaimosvyaz' internet-zavisimosti i narushenii sna u podrostkov Tsentral'noi Sibiri pri raznykh vidakh potreblyaemogo kontenta.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between disturbances of the regime and quality of night sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents from Central Siberia with internet addiction with different types of content consumed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single cross-sectional observational study of a school sample in three large cities in Siberia was performed. The study included 4615 schoolchildren aged 12-18 years (46.2% boys and 53.8% girls, average age 14.58±0.02 years). To identify Internet addiction and its types the following tests were used: the Chen scale (CIAS), adapted by V.L. Malygin and K.A. Feklisov; Russian-language versions of the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents and the Social Media Disorder Scale. Questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess nighttime sleep. Daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). RESULTS: Adolescents with Internet addiction are characterized by late going to bed (p<0.001), late awakening (p=0.016), a decrease in the duration of night sleep (p=0.004), an increase in the time to fall asleep and frequent nighttime awakenings (p=0.017), and more pronounced daytime sleepiness (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Internet-addicted adolescents are characterized by significant disturbances in the quality of night sleep, which requires appropriate psychological and pedagogical correction.

[Borderline mental disorders in schoolchildren].

OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of borderline mental disorders in children of secondary general education schools. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 1013 male and female schoolchildren, aged 12-14 and 15-17 years. In the first stage, the they completed a screening questionnaire to estimate the presence of a range of psychosomatic syndromes. An analysis of medical history and clinical examination were performed as well. The second stage included medical examination using DAWBA for the children with total scores on The Strengths and Difficulty questionnaire ≥ 16; with the score ≥ 6 on the emotional scale and with the score ≤ 5 on the social scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Generalized anxiety and depression were recorded more often in girls than in boys. Every 4-th adolescent (26.1%), regardless of gender, had problems in communication with peers. At the same time, boys showed conduct disturbances more often (p = 0.005) than girls (23.3% and 16.3%, respectively). Depression syndrome was 6.1 times more frequent in adolescents of the older group as compared with younger children (p = 0.024). Depression was associated with chronic headache (68.6% of children, mostly in girls and in the older group), abdominal pain (37.3%, mostly in girls) and back pain (39.2%).

Efficiency of Very Low Doses of Antibodies to S100 Protein in the Complex Therapy of Functional Dyspepsia in Children.

We showed the data on clinical efficiency of low doses of antibodies to brain-specific protein S100 in the complex therapy of schoolchildren with painful variant of functional dyspepsia syndrome. Significant positive effects of the substance on the dynamics of epigastric pain, in particular, its duration, were found. The maximum clinical effect was observed in children with emotional disorders (~1/3 of all examined children). Along with significant decrease in frequency appearance and duration of pain syndrome, the substance also normalized emotional state and improved attention concentration in children.

[The structural and functional status of the immune system in pre-school children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. / Strukturno-funktsional'noe sostoianie immunnoi sistemy u detei rannego vozrasta, infitsirovannykh mikobakteriiami tuberkuleza.

Sixty children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), aged 3 to 5 years were followed up in the period before specific chemotherapy. The studies established structural and functional changed in the immune system in young MBT-infected children. Moreover, the disorders found in immune homeostasis were of combined nature. This circumstance should be taken into account in elaborating immune rehabilitative programs for this group of patients.